| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Jansson, Oscar
(författare)
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"The War on Drugs" in Recent Literature
- 2005
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Ingår i: Iberoamericana: Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. - 0046-8444. ; XXXV:2, s. 15-23
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 53. |
- Masood, KI, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Early Secreted Antigen Target (ESAT) 6 kDa-induced IFN-γ and SOCS1 expression distinguishes latent and active tuberculosis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of infection in developing countries. - : Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. - 1972-2680. ; 8:1, s. 59-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Expression of Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 molecules is increased in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Early Secreted Antigen Target (ESAT)-6 kDa – induced IFN-γ responses indicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The effect of ESAT6- stimulation on SOCS1 in the host is not known. Methodology: Healthy asymptomatic controls had a negative (n = 16) or a positive ( n = 13) tuberculin skin test (TST). ESAT6-induced IFN- γ responses classified these controls as positive (EC ESAT6 IFN-γ (+), n = 5) or negative (EC ESAT6 IFN-γ (-), n = 24) responders. Patients had pulmonary (n = 21) or extra-pulmonary (n = 30) tuberculosis. Peripheral blood cells were stimulated with ESAT6 and mRNA expression of IFN- γ and SOCS1 was determined. Results: ESAT6-induced IFN-γ expression was raised in EC ESAT6 IFN-γ (+) as compared with EC ESAT6 IFN-γ (-), p = 0.019. ESAT6-induced SOCS1 mRNA expression was increased in both pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TB patients as compared with both EC groups. ESAT6-induced IFN-γ/SOCS1 mRNA expression ratio was decreased in TB patients as compared with both EC groups. Conclusion: M. tuberculosis infection induces increased ESAT6-induced IFN- γ responses in both latent and active TB. Our data shows down-regulation of IFN- γ / SOCS1 expression to be induced only in active TB cases, distinguishing them from healthy individuals likely to have latent TB. A decreasing IFN- γ /SOCS1 ratio may leads to reduced Th1 immunity which contributes to inability of the host to control clinical disease.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-
(författare)
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Geriatric care in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Current Diagnosis & Treatment. - USA : McGraw-Hill. - 9780071792080 ; , s. 539-542
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 59. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-
(författare)
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Geriatric medicine in Sweden : a study of the organisation, staffing and care production in 2000-2001
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 33:4, s. 338-341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: the organisation of long-term medicine and geriatric medicine has undergone many changes during the last 15 years. The aim of this study is to gain an overall perspective of the present organisation of geriatric medicine in Sweden.DESIGN: questionnaire survey.METHODS: The Swedish Society for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, in collaboration with the Federation of County Councils and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities, sent out a survey to people in all county councils in Sweden. The subject of the survey was the speciality of geriatric medicine in the Swedish healthcare system, with regard to healthcare organisation, staffing and care production in 2000/2001.RESULTS: there were 52 separate geriatric units, 41 independent 'clinics' and 11 'sections' within other departments. There were a total of 3,101 geriatric inpatient beds. On average, there was one geriatric bed for every 799 individuals within the local population aged 65 years and over, with a 10-fold variation between counties. Four counties had no geriatric provision. The 'geriatric clinics' were mainly located in university towns and averaged 85 beds per clinic, again with a 10-fold variation. There were 604 established positions for doctors within geriatrics, of which 63% were at geriatric clinics. On average, the clinics had 16 positions each (of which 75% were filled with geriatric specialists) with 7 beds per doctor. The corresponding averages for nurses and paramedics could not be summarised due to organisational differences between the county councils. In general, there were very few nurses with specialist training in geriatric medicine.CONCLUSIONS: the field of geriatric medicine in Sweden is very heterogeneous regarding terminology, designations, structure, staffing and care production. There is no overall structural plan for the role of geriatric medicine in Swedish healthcare, with the desired close connection between content and dimensioning of geriatric specialist training and the practical organisation of the activities. The county councils designate geriatric medicine so differently that it is hardly possible to compare different geriatric facilities today. Considering how many patients at hospitals today are elderly and suffer from multiple illnesses, it is a major quality issue to ensure that these patients have access to geriatric specialists.
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| 60. |
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| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Chen, Tao, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesizing carbon nanotubes in space
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. As the fourth most abundant element in the universe, carbon (C) is widespread in the interstellar medium (ISM) in various allotropic forms (e.g. fullerenes have been identified unambiguously in many astronomical environments, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in space has been commonly acknowledged, and presolar graphite, as well as nanodiamonds, have been identified in meteorites). As stable allotropes of these species, whether carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their hydrogenated counterparts are also present in the ISM or not is unknown. Aims. The aim of the present works is to explore the possible routes for the formation of CNTs in the ISM and calculate their fingerprint vibrational spectral features in the infrared (IR). Methods. We studied the hydrogen-abstraction and acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism and investigated the synthesis of nanotubes using density functional theory (DFT). The IR vibrational spectra of CNTs and hydrogenated nanotubes (HNTs), as well as their cations, were obtained with DFT. Results. We find that CNTs could be synthesized in space through a feasible formation pathway. CNTs and cationic CNTs, as well as their hydrogenated counterparts, exhibit intense vibrational transitions in the IR. Their possible presence in the ISM could be investigated by comparing the calculated vibrational spectra with astronomical observations made by the Infrared Space Observatory, Spitzer Space Telescope, and particularly the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.
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| 63. |
- Cui, Shaohua, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive Collision-Free Trajectory Tracking Control for String Stable Bidirectional Platoons
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 24:11, s. 12141-12153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicle (AV) platoons, especially those with the bidirectional communication topology, have significant practical value, as they not only increase link capacity and reduce vehicle energy consumption, but also reduce the consumption of communication resources. Small gaps between AVs in a platoon easily lead to emergency braking or even collisions between consecutive AVs. This paper applies barrier Lyapunov functions to collision avoidance between AVs in a bidirectional platoon during trajectory tracking. Based on backstepping technique, an adaptive collision-free platoon trajectory tracking control algorithm is developed to distributedly design control laws for each AV in the platoon. The control algorithm does not need to introduce additional car-following models to simulate AV driving, and only needs to integrate the position trajectories of consecutive AVs to avoid inter-vehicle collisions. Two sign functions are introduced into the control laws of each AV to ensure strong string stability for bidirectional AV platoons. Moreover, uncertainties and external disturbances in vehicle motion are effectively compensated by introducing adaptation laws. Strong string stability is rigorously proved. CarSIM-based comparison simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm in avoiding inter-vehicle collisions, compensating for uncertainties in vehicle motion, and suppressing the amplification of spacing errors along the platoon.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Hohwü-Christensen, Erik
(författare)
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Friluftsliv under olika årstider ur fysiologisk synpunkt
- 1947
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Ingår i: På skidor : Skid- och friluftsfrämjandets årsskrift. - Stockholm : Föreningen för skidlöpningens och friluftslivets främjande i Sverige. ; , s. 5-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Junehag, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study : Perceptions of the psychosocial consequences and access to support after an acute myocardial infarction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 30:1, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe individuals' perceptions of the psychosocial consequences of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and of their access to support one year after the event. Methods: The study included 20 participants (14 men and six women) who lived in rural areas and had experienced their first AMI. Eleven were offered contact with a mentor. The participants were interviewed one year after their AMI. Results: The findings are presented in three themes: having a different life, having to manage the situation and having access to support, with 11 subthemes. During their recovery, the participants experienced psychosocial consequences, consisting of anxiety and the fear of being afflicted again. Most mentees appreciated their mentor and some of those without mentors wished they had received organised support. Participants were often more dissatisfied than satisfied with the follow-up provided during recovery. Conclusions: After an AMI, follow-up is important during recovery, but the standardised information provided is inadequate. During recovery, people need help dealing with existential crises. After discharge, receiving peer support from lay people with similar experiences could be valuable. The knowledge gleaned from this study could be used in education at coronary care units and in health care outside the hospital setting. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Soto Thompson, Marcelo, et al.
(författare)
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Photodynamic therapy of nodular basal cell carcinoma with multifiber contact light delivery
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. - 2162-6537. ; 25:1-2, s. 411-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To overcome the limited treatment depth of superficial photodynamic therapy we investigate interstitial light delivery. In the present work the treatment light was delivered using a system in which three or six clear-cut fibers were placed in direct contact with the tumor area. This placement was thought to represent a step toward general purpose interstitial PDT. Twelve nodular basal cell carcinomas were treated employing delta-aminolevulinic acid and 635 nm laser irradiation. Fluorescence measurements were performed monitoring the buildup and subsequent bleaching of the produced sensitizer protoporphyrin IX. The treatment efficacy, judged at a 28-month follow-up, showed a 100% complete response. Two punch excisions at 7 months converted two partial responses to complete responses. One patient failed to appear at all follow-up sessions. The outcome of the treatments was comparable to superficial photodynamic therapy in terms of histological, clinical, and cosmetic results.
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| 71. |
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| 72. |
- Vendelbo Lind, Mads, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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One-carbon metabolism markers are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 28:4, s. 402-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Alterations to one-carbon metabolism, especially elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy), have been suggested to be both a cause and a consequence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). A deeper understanding of the role of other one-carbon metabolites in MS, including s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and the methylation capacity index (SAM:SAH ratio) is required. Methods and results: 118 men and women with MS-risk factors were included in this cross-sectional study and cardiometabolic outcomes along with markers of one-carbon metabolism, including fasting plasma SAM, SAH, Hcy and vitamin B12concentrations, were analysed. Multiple linear regression models were also used to examine the association between plasma one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic health features. We found that fasting plasma concentrations of Hcy, SAM and SAH were all positively correlated with markers of adiposity, including BMI (increase in BMI per 1-SD increase in one-carbon metabolite: 0.92 kg/m295% CI (0.28; 1.56), p = 0.005; 0.81 (0.15; 1.47), p = 0.02; 0.67 (−0.01; 1.36), p = 0.05, respectively). Hcy, but not SAM, SAH or SAM:SAH ratio was associated with BMI and body fat percentage after mutual adjustments. SAM concentrations were associated with higher fasting insulin (9.5% 95% CI (0.3; 19.5) per SD increase in SAM, p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (10.8% (0.8; 21.9), p = 0.03) and TNF-α (11.8% (5.0; 19.0), p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found little evidence for associations between SAM:SAH ratio and cardiometabolic variables, but higher plasma concentrations of SAM, SAH and Hcy are related to an overall higher risk of metabolic dysfunctions. The studies were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01719913 & NCT01731366).
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| 73. |
- Wilhsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Girls and boys strategies to handle and cope with school-related stress
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:Suppl. 1, s. 221-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A trend of increased stress and deteriorating mental health of adolescents is a global challenge (Currier et al, 2012). Research shows that many adolescents report high levels of stress associated with an increased focus on school performance (Moknes et al, 2014). These demands generally have a stronger impact on girl’s health (Låftman & Modig, 2013) due to context and social construction of norms, values and beliefs about femininity and masculinity (Connell, 2002; Butler, 1999). The aim was to get a deeper understanding of girls and boys perceptions of how they handle demands and school-related stress. Methods This study has an explorative design and was analyzed by qualitative content analysis described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). The participants were 42 adolescents 15 years old, interviewed in five focus groups, dived by gender from five randomly selected schools. Two additional gender mixed focus groups with 14 adolescents 15 years old, were recruited from two of the randomly selected schools. Results The results show that girls and boys handle school-related stress by using similar strategies, but in different ways. Girls express that they have to prioritize to deselect activities they use to do to handle demands from school, and boys prioritize their own activities to obtain strength to cope with demands. Girls often think about their future while boys more often live in present time, and don’t worry so much about the future. Girls receive social support and recovery from friends and family, while boys do various activities with their friends and family to get energy. Conclusions This study shows that girls and boys used different strategies to handle demand and school-related stress. The results are based on adolescent’s experiences and could therefore be an important foundation for interventions that promote adolescents capabilities to cope with increasing demands and to handle school-related stress. Key messages: This study shows that girls and boys perceived and used different strategies to handle demand and school-related stress The result is an important foundation for interventions that promote adolescents capabilities to cope with increasing demands and to handle school-related stress © The Author 2016.
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| 74. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for reversible, non-microtubule and non-microfilament-dependent nuclear translocation of hsp90 after heat shock in human fibroblasts
- 1992
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cell Biology. - 0171-9335 .- 1618-1298. ; 58:2, s. 356-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A monoclonal antibody (29A) directed against rat liver heat shock protein M(r) 90,000 (hsp90) was produced. By Western immunoblotting of cytosols prepared from several different tissues and species, 29A was shown to specifically recognize only one band with M(r) approximately 90,000. Localization of hsp90 in human gingival fibroblasts was studied using the 29A antibody by indirect mono- and double-staining immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The distribution was compared to that of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and various cytoskeletal structures. Cells were analyzed in interphase and mitosis under basal culture conditions, after heat shock and after microtubule and microfilament depolymerization, sometimes combined with heat shock. A major part of hsp90 immunoreactivity was diffusely distributed throughout the interphase cytoplasm, but a weak nuclear staining with non-stained nucleoli was also present, however, only detectable after methanol and not after formaldehyde/Triton X-100 fixation. Heat shock induced a time-dependent translocation of hsp90 from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus reaching a plateau after 15 h. This compartment shift was reversible and also occurred in the absence of intact microtubules or intact microfilaments.
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| 75. |
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| 76. |
- Arévalo, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
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Convergence of multistep discretizations of DAEs
- 1995
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Ingår i: BIT. - 0006-3835. ; 35:2, s. 143-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standard ODE methods such as linear multistep methods encounter difficulties when applied to differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of index greater than 1. In particular, previous results for index 2 DAEs have practically ruled out the use of all explicit methods and of implicit multistep methods other than backward difference formulas (BDFs) because of stability considerations. In this paper we embed known results for semi-explicit index 1 and 2 DAEs in a more comprehensive theory based on compound multistep and one-leg discretizations. This explains and characterizes the necessary requirements that a method must fulfill in order to be applicable to semi-explicit DAEs. Thus we conclude that the most useful discretizations are those that avoid discretization of the constraint. A freer use of e.g. explicit methods for the non-stiff differential part of the DAE is then possible.
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| 77. |
- Degerman, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of two stage gas turbine combustor for biomass powder : Part 1 : atmospheric cyclone gasification experiments with wood powder
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the research and development work regarding development of a two stage gas turbine combustor for wood powder carried out at the Luleå University of Technology from July 1993 to December 1996. The process being studied is based on cyclone gasification of the wood powder and combustion of the product gas in a suitably adapted gas turbine combustion chamber, without other gas cleaning than that obtained by the cyclone. A critical issue to be studied in the project is if the burned gases from such a cyclone gasifier lead to acceptably low deposition rates for K- and Na-compounds in a gas turbine with 850°C inlet temperature. The project strategy has been to study wood powder feeding and cyclone gasification first at atmospheric pressure, then run separate pressurised cyclone gasification tests for studies of the possibilities to achieve stable operation when the air flow is supplied by a separate compressor and finally to run integrated gasifier/gas turbine tests for studies of the deposition problem in practical operation.
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| 78. |
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| 79. |
- Farzaneh, Farokh, et al.
(författare)
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Speech results in adult Swedish patients born with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 43:4, s. 207-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-six adult patients (26 men and 10 women) who had been operated on for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) were evaluated with regard to long-term follow-up consisting of clinical investigation, perceptual speech analysis, and self-estimation of quality of speech. Twenty-six had had a von Langenbeck repair at the age of 14 months (L-14 group), and 10 a Wardill repair at the age of 18 months (W-18 group). Statistical comparisons between the groups were made by univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Both groups had a large percentage of hypernasality despite a high incidence of velopharyngeal flaps in both. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding any of the analysed speech variables. The outcomes of hypernasality, nasal escape, velopharyngeal friction sounds, hyponasality, and general impression indicate, however, a slightly better result for the L-14 group.
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| 80. |
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| 81. |
- Hesaraki, Arefeh, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of different ventilation levels on indoor air quality and energy savings : a case study of a single-family house
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-6707. ; 19, s. 165-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of different ventilation levels on indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy savings were studied experimentally and analytically in a single-family house occupied by two adults and one infant, situated in Borlänge, Sweden. The building studied had an exhaust ventilation system with a range of air flow rate settings. In order to find appropriate ventilation rates regarding CO2, relative humidity (RH) and temperature as indicators of IAQ, four ventilation levels were considered, as follows: (I) A very low ventilation rate of 0.10 L s-1 m-2; (II) A low ventilation rate of 0.20 L s-1 m-2; (III) A normal ventilation rate of 0.35 L s-1 m-2; (IV) A high ventilation rate of 0.70 L s-1 m-2. In all cases, the sensor was positioned in the exhaust duct exiting from habitable spaces. Measurements showed that, for case I, the CO2 concentration reached over 1300 ppm, which was higher than the commonly referenced threshold for ventilation control, i.e. 1000 ppm, showing unacceptable IAQ. In case II, the CO2 level was always below 950 ppm, indicating that 0.20 L s-1 m-2 is a sufficient ventilation rate for the reference building. The case III showed that the ventilation rate of 0.35 L s-1 m-2 caused a maximum CO2 level of 725 ppm; showing the level recommended by Swedish regulations was high with respect to CO2 level. In addition, measurements showed that the RH and temperature were within acceptable ranges in all cases. An energy savings calculation showed that, in case II, the comparative savings of the combined energy requirement for ventilation fan and ventilation heating were 43% compared with case III.
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| 82. |
- Izadi, Zara, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease : an observational study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Rheumatology. - : Elsevier. - 2665-9913. ; 4:9, s. e603-e613
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally.Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18–99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death.Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01–1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10–1·30]; p<0·0001), and population mobility (1·03 per 1% increase in number of visits to grocery and pharmacy stores [1·02–1·05]; p<0·0001 and 1·02 per 1% increase in number of visits to workplaces [1·00–1·03]; p=0·032) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality. Number of hospital beds (0·94 per 1-unit increase per 1000 people [0·88–1·00]; p=0·046), human development index (0·65 per 0·1-unit increase [0·44–0·96]; p=0·032), government response stringency (0·83 per 10-unit increase in containment index [0·74–0·93]; p=0·0018), as well as follow-up time (0·78 per month [0·69–0·88]; p<0·0001) were independently associated with lower odds of mortality. These factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death attributable to COVID-19 (intraclass correlation coefficient 1·2% [0·1–9·5]; p=0·14).Interpretation: Our findings highlight the importance of environmental and societal factors as potential explanations of the observed regional disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among people with rheumatic disease and lay foundation for a new research agenda to address these disparities.
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| 83. |
- Mårild, Karl, 1982-
(författare)
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Risc factors and associated disorders of celiac disease
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy induced by dietary gluten. CD is prevalent in some 1 % of the general population. In recent decades there has been a marked increase in CD prevalence that may be influenced by environmental risk factors.Aims: The aim of this thesis was to examine possible risk factors for CD and to gain information on associated disorders of CD.Methods: In study I we used regional cohort-data from ~11,000 children to examine the association between psychological stress in early life and subsequent CD. In studies II-IV we used nationwide histopathology data to identify individuals with CD (i.e. villous atrophy). In study II we linked data on ~29,000 CD patients to the National patient register to examine the risk of hospital admission for influenza. In studies III-IV we linked data on ~11,000 CD patients to several Swedish registries, including the Medical birth register, to examine neonatal risk factors in CD (study III) and the risk of CD in patients with Down syndrome (study IV).Results: Psychological stress in the first years of life was not associated with subsequent CD. We found a two-fold increased risk of hospital admission for influenza in patients with CD (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-2.7).While elective cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of later CD (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.15; 95 % CI = 1.04-1.26), emergency cesarean delivery was not (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95 % CI = 0.92-1.13). Finally, in study IV we found a six-fold increased risk of CD in children with Down syndrome (95 % CI = 5.09-7.43).Conclusion: This thesis supports the hypothesis that certain environmental risk factors, such as mode of delivery, but possibly not early psychological stress, influence the risk of CD. The increased risk of hospital admission for influenza indicate that individuals with CD may benefit from influenza immunization. The highly increased risk of CD in Down syndrome supports CD screening in Down syndrome patients.
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| 84. |
- Schepens, Marloes A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary calcium decreases but short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides increase colonic permeability in rats
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 104:12, s. 1780-1786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increased intestinal permeability is associated with several diseases. Nutrition can influence gut permeability. Previously, we showed that dietary Ca decreases whereas dietary short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) increase intestinal permeability in rats. However, it is unknown how and where in the gastrointestinal tract Ca and scFOS exert their effects. Rats were fed a Western low-Ca control diet, or a similar diet supplemented with either Ca or scFOS. Lactulose plus mannitol and Cr-EDTA were added to the diets to quantify small and total gastrointestinal permeability, respectively. Additionally, colonic tissue was mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed to faecal water of these rats. Dietary Ca immediately decreased urinary Cr-EDTA excretion by 24 % in Ca-fed rats compared with control rats. Dietary scFOS increased total Cr-EDTA permeability gradually with time, likely reflecting relatively slow gut microbiota adaptations, which finally resulted in a 30 % increase. The lactulose: mannitol ratio was 15 % higher for Ca-fed rats and 16 % lower for scFOS-fed rats compared with control rats. However, no dietary effect was present on individual urinary lactulose and mannitol excretion. The faecal waters did not influence colonic permeability in Ussing chambers. In conclusion, despite effects on the lactulose: mannitol ratio, individual lactulose values did not alter, indicating that diet did not influence small-intestinal permeability. Therefore, both nutrients affect permeability only in the colon: Ca decreases, while scFOS increase colonic permeability. As faecal water did not influence permeability in Ussing chambers, probably modulation of mucins and/or microbiota is important for the in vivo effects of dietary Ca and scFOS.
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| 85. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981
(författare)
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News Habits Among Adolescents: The Influence of Family Communication on Adolescents’ News Media Use—Evidence From a Three-Wave Panel Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Mass Communication & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1520-5436 .- 1532-7825. ; 19:6, s. 758-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Keeping up with what’s going on in the world of politics and current affairs through various news media is commonly seen as important for civic engagement and informed citizenship. Today, however, citizens face more opportunities than ever to select media content according to their personal preferences and interests—leading to what previous research has identified as a polarization between news-seekers and news-avoiders. Given heightened concerns regarding growing shares of news-avoiders in particular, this study analyzes the development, stability, and family influences on Swedish adolescents’ news habits over time. The findings, based on panel survey data among adolescents and their parents, show that (a) news habits are fairly stable at the individual level, (b) parents’ own news consumption is the most consistent predictor of adolescents’ development of news habits, and (c) these family effects are distinct from adolescents’ personal motivations for seeking out news.
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| 86. |
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
- Strupp, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurologic Clinics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-8619. ; 33:3, s. 669-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal vestibular end organs generate an equal resting-firing frequency of the axons, which is the same on both sides under static conditions. An acute unilateral vestibulopathy leads to a vestibular tone imbalance. Acute unilateral vestibulopathy is defined by the patient history and the clinical examination and, in unclear cases, laboratory examinations. Key signs and symptoms are an acute onset of spinning vertigo, postural imbalance and nausea as well as a horizontal rotatory nystagmus beating towards the non-affected side, a pathological head-impulse test and no evidence for central vestibular or ocular motor dysfunction. The so-called big five allow a differentiation between a peripheral and central lesion by the bedside examination. The differential diagnosis of peripheral labyrinthine and vestibular nerve disorders mimicking acute unilateral vestibulopathy includes central vestibular disorders, in particular "vestibular pseudoneuritis" and other peripheral vestibular disorders, such as beginning Menière's disease. The management of acute unilateral vestibulopathy involves (1) symptomatic treatment with antivertiginous drugs, (2) causal treatment with corticosteroids, and (3) physical therapy.
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| 89. |
- van der Meer, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of strategies for net demand forecasting in case of PV power production and electricity consumption
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to investigate the relative difference in accuracy between forecasting net demand, i.e., electricity con- sumption less the photovoltaic (PV) power production, directly and indirectly, where the latter implies forecasting consumption and production separately before subtraction. Depending on the variability and penetration of PV power production, variability of the net demand time series is likely to increase as well, which may influence accuracy of the forecast. The well-known AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is employed to forecast the univariate time series. We show that the direct strategy leads to a forecast with higher accuracy. Moreover, the difference in accuracy between the strategies appears to increase with lead time.
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| 90. |
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| 91. |
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| 92. |
- Ali, Syed Raza, et al.
(författare)
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Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are polymorphic paired receptors that modulate neutrophil and amnion signaling responses to group B Streptococcus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 211:6, s. 1231-1242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes invasive infections in human newborns. We recently showed that the GBS beta-protein attenuates innate immune responses by binding to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 5 (Siglec-5), an inhibitory receptor on phagocytes. Interestingly, neutrophils and monocytes also express Siglec-14, which has a ligand-binding domain almost identical to Siglec-5 but signals via an activating motif, raising the possibility that these are paired Siglec receptors that balance immune responses to pathogens. Here we show that beta-protein-expressing GBS binds to both Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 on neutrophils and that the latter engagement counteracts pathogen-induced host immune suppression by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways. Siglec-14 is absent from some humans because of a SIGLEC14-null polymorphism, and homozygous SIGLEC14-null neutrophils are more susceptible to GBS immune subversion. Finally, we report an unexpected human-specific expression of Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 on amniotic epithelium, the site of initial contact of invading GBS with the fetus. GBS amnion immune activation was likewise influenced by the SIGLEC14-null polymorphism. We provide initial evidence that the polymorphism could influence the risk of prematurity among human fetuses of mothers colonized with GBS. This first functionally proven example of a paired receptor system in the Siglec family has multiple implications for regulation of host immunity.
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| 93. |
- Almqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Homogenization of the Reynolds equation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Tribology. - Berlin : Springer-Verlag New York Inc.. - 9780387928968 - 9780387928975 ; , s. 1685-1690
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 94. |
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| 95. |
- Brunow, Dagmar, Dr. phil. 1966-
(författare)
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Queer German Cinema
- 2020. - 2
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Ingår i: The German Cinema Book. - London : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781844575305 - 9781844575312 - 9781911239413 - 9781911239420 ; , s. 371-382
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 96. |
- Colmenares, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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On the Dynamic Characterization of a Two Span Post-tensioned Concrete Footbridge
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference, IOMAC 2024 - Volume 2. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 316-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quantification of the influence of the weather conditions has a great importance in the field of Structural Heath Monitoring (SHM). In this work, the KTH two-span post-tensioned concrete bridge is studied. A shell based Finite Element (FE) model and a 3D solid FE-model are made. A sensitivity analysis of the dynamic properties of the system, i.e. natural frequencies and mode shapes is performed considering the influence of the boundary conditions, the elastic modulus of concrete, the material properties of the asphalt layer, the expansion joints of the bridge and the interaction between the deck and the abutments of the system. Furthermore, an experimental campaign was performed during winter weather conditions and compared to a previously developed study of the same system during autumn weather conditions. The results show the great influence the weather conditions on the dynamic properties of the system as well as the limitation, uncertainties and the problem of the unicity of the solution for the calibration of the developed FE-models. The case study shows the importance of SHM not only for tracking the dynamic properties of the studied system and early detection of global changes of the system but also how performing measurements can help to reduce the inherent uncertainties associated to a FE-model to improve the current engineering practice.
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| 97. |
- de Jong, Jasper, 1987-
(författare)
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Who is Who in the Adipose Organ : A look at the Heterogeneity of Adipocyte Biology
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing prevalence of obesity and related health complications, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, demands thorough investigation of the underlying processes. One of the key tissues investigated in this context is adipose tissue. It is becoming increasingly clear that adipose tissue is a very dynamic and heterogenic organ. This thesis provides an overview of various aspects of adipose biology that illustrate its heterogenic nature and describes my own scientific contributions to this field.We typically distinguish between thermogenic, energy-expending brown adipocytes and energy-storing white adipocytes that are located in anatomically distinct adipose depots. In addition, brite (or beige) adipocytes are functionally thermogenic, but are located among white adipocytes. Related to functional variation, adipocytes and adipose tissues display a wide range of morphological appearances. An additional property that illustrates the heterogeneity among adipose cells and depots is the variation of cellular responses to physiological cues, such as changes in diet or environmental temperature. Furthermore, the developmental origins of various adipose types display great heterogeneity, which may explain some of the functional and dynamic differences that are observed.In line with the complexity of developmental origins, molecular markers that were initially proposed to distinguish between brown, brite/beige and white adipose subtypes have added to the notion that the composition of the adipose organ is much more complex than has long been appreciated.My own work has contributed to the enhancement of our understanding of the heterogeneity of adipose subtypes. In particular, my findings related to marker gene expression patterns have led to increased appreciation of the complex nature of adipose gene expression patterns and the complications of translating results obtained in mice to humans. Some of my other contributions have increased the understanding of the differences and similarities in thermogenic adipose tissue functionality and dynamics. With cell culture studies, I have revealed new characteristics of pre-adipose cells from various depots that further add to the appreciation of the adipose heterogeneity.Overall, this thesis provides an overview of important characteristics of the adipose organ, illustrating its heterogenic nature. Realization of this heterogeneity is of importance in order to properly study the adipose organ to ultimately understand how the adipose organ can be therapeutically targeted to effectively treat adipose-related diseases.
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| 98. |
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| 99. |
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