| 51. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of moisture sensor based on printed Carbon-Zinc energy cell
- 2005
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Ingår i: Polytronic 2005: 5th International Conference on Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics - Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0780395530 ; , s. 82-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a simple printed moisture sensor fabricated using electronic inks on a multilayer paper structure. The sensor is based on a Carbon-Zinc type energy cell and provides power to a readout electronic circuit when activated by moisture. The sensors are based on a number of our filed patents according to which the sensor is used for both event detection and as a power source for the processing electronics. Typical applications are moisture and leakage detection in buildings, water pipe lines, smart packages and health care systems such as smart incontinence sensors. As the detector is triggered, it powers up an electronic circuit (polymer based or silicon based) that starts communication with the alarm server. In the simplest systems a sound or a light alarm is started to alert the user. In this work we present a characterization of some critical parameters of the sensor such as power driving capability, linearity, internal memory effects and saturation. In addition, we examine a specific application, when sensor is used as defrosting alarm for surveillance of frozen articles during transport.
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| 52. |
- Nilsson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a printed patch antenna for robust microwave RFID tags
- 2007
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Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725 .- 1751-8733. ; 1:3, s. 776-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antennas in RFID tags have often been designed in a single layer with copper as conductor and plastic foils as substrate. There is currently a large interest in roll to roll production of RFID tags and silver based inks have been developed for use in printed RFID antennas. Silver ink based single layer antennas works well and is providing 70% to 80% of the reading range compared to copper solutions. However, more advanced antennas are needed to provide less sensitivity to the environment of RFID tags .i.e. need for placing tags on metal or near water. In this work we present a study of multilayered antennas so called patch antennas, for 2.45 GHz RFID tags. The advantage of the patch antenna is that it can be applied to any kind of material, reflecting or lossy material, and still provide good antenna function. However, the patch antenna efficiency is strongly dependent on the material used. For low cost RFID tags in logistics there is a need to manufacture the antenna as a part of the packaging process. In the current work we have investigated the possibility to manufacture printed patch antennas of common packaging materials.
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| 53. |
- Nilsson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical framework and tool kit for SEA follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 29:3, s. 186-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) research and applications have so far neglected the ex post stages of the process, also called SEA follow-up. Tool kits and methodological frameworks for engaging effectively with SEA follow-up have been conspicuously missing. In particular. little has so far been learned from the much more mature evaluation literature although many aspects are similar. This paper provides an analytical framework and tool kit for SEA follow-up. It is based on insights and tools developed within programme evaluation and environmental systems analysis. It is also grounded in empirical studies into real planning and programming practices at the regional level, but should have relevance for SEA processes at all levels. The purpose of the framework is to promote a learning-oriented and integrated use of SEA follow-up in strategic decision making. It helps to identify appropriate tools and their use in the process, and to systematise the use of available data and knowledge across the planning organization and process. It distinguishes three stages in follow-up: scoping, analysis and learning, identifies the key functions and demonstrates the informational linkages to the strategic decision-making process. The associated tool kit includes specific analytical and deliberative tools. Many of these are applicable also ex ante. but are then used in a predictive mode rather than on the basis of real data. The analytical element of the framework is organized on the basis of programme theory and "DPSIR" tools. The paper discusses three issues in the application of the framework: understanding the integration of organizations and knowledge; understanding planners' questions and analytical requirements; and understanding interests, incentives and reluctance to evaluate.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Petersson, Martin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone promoted carbon monoxide oxidation on platinum/gamma-alumina catalyst
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 238:2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CO oxidation with oxygen and ozone-oxygen mixtures was studied over a platinum/alumina monolith catalyst. Temperature ramp experiments were combined with mean-field Simulations to Study the reaction mechanisms. In the absence of ozone, a slow CO oxidation reaction was observed at low temperatures. The rate of this slow reaction was proportional to the square root of the oxygen pressure and independent of the CO concentration. At higher temperatures, the three-step Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction mechanism dominated the CO oxidations. When some of the oxygen was exchanged for ozone, rapid oxidation of CO by ozone was observed. The suggested explanation was an Eley-Rideal mechanism, in which colliding ozone reacts with adsorbed CO oil the platinum surface. When this additional reaction step was included in the model, the Simulation results indicated a reduction in the bulk CO pressure. The experimentally observed ozone promotion of CO oxidation was thus attributed to a decrease in CO Surface self-poisoning.
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| 56. |
- Ranius, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost efficiency of measures to increase the amount of coarse woody debris in managed Norway spruce forests
- 2005
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 206:1-3, s. 119-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changing silvicultural methods to improve habitat quality for forest organisms has become one of the main means to preserve forest biodiversity in Fennoscandia. In boreal forests, coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important substrate for red-listed species. In this study, we analyse cost-efficiency of five management measures taken in Swedish forestry, which aim at increasing CWD in managed forests: retention of living trees at harvest, artificial creation of high stumps, manual scarification at clear-cuts to avoid destruction of CWD, prolongation of the rotation period, and retention of naturally dying trees. For Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in different parts of Sweden, we calculated the present value and predicted the amount of CWD that will be present if the same management method is used over a long time. To retain reasonable amounts of naturally dying trees was always inexpensive, and in central and northern Sweden it was more economical to retain them than to harvest them. Creation of high stumps was a cost-efficient method to increase the amount of CWD. Prolonging the rotation period was the most expensive way to increase CWD. We conclude that adopting several different measures to increase CWD in managed forests, as prescribed by certification standards today, is a good concept, but to be cost-efficient the focus should be on different measures for different parts of Sweden.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Rizzo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Density-functional theory study of electric and magnetic properties of hexafluorobenzene in the vapor phase
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 122:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of electric and magnetic properties of hexafluorobenzene have been calculated, including the electric dipole polarizability, magnetizability, electric quadrupole moment, and nonlinear mixed electric dipole-magnetic dipole-electric quadrupole hyperpolarizabilities needed to obtain estimates of the Kerr, Cotton-Mouton, Buckingham, Jones, and magnetoelectric birefringences in the vapor phase. Time-dependent density-functional theory was employed for the calculation of linear-, quadratic, and cubic response functions. A number of density functionals have been considered, along with Sadlej's triple-zeta basis set and the augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence double zeta and augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence triple zeta basis sets. Comparisons have been made with experiment where possible. The analysis of results allows for an assessment of the capability of time-dependent density-functional theory for high-order electromagnetic properties of an electron-rich system such as hexafluorobenzene.
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| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Salek, Pawel, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of density-functional-theory and coupled-cluster frequency-dependent polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Molecular Physics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0026-8976 .- 1362-3028. ; 103:2-3, s. 439-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency-dependent polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of HF, CO, H2O and para-nitroaniline calculated by density-functional theory are compared with accurate coupled-cluster results. Whereas the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation (BLYP) perform very similarly and overestimate polarizabilities and, in particular, the hyperpolarizabilities, hybrid density-functional theory (B3LYP) performs better and produces results similar to those obtained by coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles theory. Comparisons are also made for singlet excitation energies, calculated using linear response theory.
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| 63. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Blood glucose and risk of incident and fatal cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) : analysis of six prospective cohorts.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 6:12, s. e1000201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundProspective studies have indicated that elevated blood glucose levels may increase the risk of cancer, but the strength of the association is unclear. We examined the association between blood glucose and cancer risk in a prospective study of six European cohorts. Methods and Findings The Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden; the current study included 274,126 men and 275,818 women. Mean age at baseline was 44.8 years and mean follow-up time was 10.4 years. Excluding the first year of follow-up, 18,621 men and 11,664 women were diagnosed with cancer, and 6,973 men and 3,088 women died of cancer. We used Cox regression models to calculate relative risk (RR) for glucose levels, and included adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and smoking status in the analyses. RRs were corrected for regression dilution ratio of glucose. RR (95% confidence interval) per 1 mmol/l increment of glucose for overall incident cancer was 1.05 (1.01-1.10) in men and 1.11 (1.05-1.16) in women, and corresponding RRs for fatal cancer were 1.15 (1.07-1.22) and 1.21 (1.11-1.33), respectively. Significant increases in risk among men were found for incident and fatal cancer of the liver, gallbladder and respiratory tract, for incident thyroid cancer and multiple myeloma, and for fatal rectal cancer. In women, significant associations were found for incident and fatal cancer of the pancreas, for incident urinary bladder cancer, and for fatal cancer of the uterine corpus, cervix uteri, and stomach.ConclusionsData from our study indicate that abnormal glucose metabolism, independently of BMI, is associated with an increased risk of cancer overall and at several cancer sites. Our data showed stronger associations among women than among men, and for fatal cancer compared to incident cancer.
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| 64. |
- Tevell, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Flutamide metabolism in four different species in vitro and identification of flutamide metabolites in human patient urine by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Drug Metab Dispos. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556. ; 34:6, s. 984-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new metabolic scheme of flutamide is proposed in this article. Some patients treated with flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, have developed severe hepatic dysfunction. Toxic metabolites have been proposed to be responsible for these negative effects. In this study, the qualitative aspects of the in vitro metabolism of flutamide in liver microsomes from human, dog, pig, and rat were evaluated. A direct comparison of the flutamide metabolism in liver and prostate microsomes from pig was made, and the in vivo metabolism of flutamide was investigated in urine from orally treated prostate cancer patients. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray interface and operated in the negative ion mode. In liver microsomes from pig, dog, and rat, extensive hydroxylation of flutamide occurred. One, two, or three hydroxy groups were attached, and isomeric forms were detected for both monohydroxylated and trihydroxylated drug. In pig liver microsomes, isomers of a third metabolite, hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, were also found after incubation with either flutamide or 2-hydroxyflutamide. In human liver microsomes, the pharmacologically active 2-hydroxyflutamide was the only metabolite detected. Several phase I metabolites as well as four intact phase II metabolites could be recovered from the urine samples. For the first time in humans, glucuronic acid conjugates of hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, and mono- and dihydroxylated flutamide were identified, together with hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline conjugated with sulfate. In addition, one mercapturic acid conjugate of hydroxylated flutamide, probably formed from flutamide via a reactive intermediate, was detected.
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| 65. |
- Vielfort, Katarina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence of clinically isolated lactobacilli to human cervical cells in competition with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 2008
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Ingår i: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 10:12-13, s. 1325-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactobacilli are normal inhabitants of our microbiota and are known to protect against pathogens. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human specific pathogenic bacterium that colonises the urogenital tract where it causes gonorrhoea. In this study we analysed early interactions between lactobacilli and gonococci and investigated how they compete for adherence to human epithelial cervical cells. We show that lactobacilli adhere at various levels and that the number of adherent bacteria does not correlate to the level of protection against gonococcal infection. Protection against gonococcal adhesion varied between Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus reuteri were capable of reducing gonococcal adherence while Lactobacillus rhamnosus was not. Lactobacillus strains of vaginal origin had the best capacity to remain attached to the host cell during gonococcal adherence. Further, we show that gonococci and lactobacilli interact with each other with resultant lactobacilli incorporation into the gonococcal microcolony. Hence, gonococci bind to colonised lactobacilli and this complex frequently detaches from the epithelial cell surface, resulting in reduced bacterial colonisation. Also, purified gonococcal pili are capable of removing adherent lactobacilli from the cell surface. Taken together, we reveal novel data regarding gonococcal and lactobacilli competition for adherence that will benefit future gonococcal prevention and treatments.
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| 66. |
- Vogt, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Release of sequestered malaria parasites upon injection of a glycosaminoglycan
- 2006
-
Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 2:9, s. 853-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe human malaria is attributable to an excessive sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected and uninfected erythrocytes in vital organs. Strains of P. falciparum that form rosettes and employ heparan sulfate as a host receptor are associated with development of severe forms of malaria. Heparin, which is similar to heparan sulfate in that it is composed of the same building blocks, was previously used in the treatment of severe malaria, but it was discontinued due to the occurrence of serious side effects such as intracranial bleedings. Here we report to have depolymerized heparin by periodate treatment to generate novel glycans (dGAG) that lack anticoagulant-activity. The dGAGs disrupt rosettes, inhibit merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and endothelial binding of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes in vitro, and reduce sequestration in in vivo models of severe malaria. An intravenous injection of dGAGs blocks up to 80% of infected erythrocytes from binding in the micro-vasculature of the rat and releases already sequestered parasites into circulation. P. falciparum-infected human erythrocytes that sequester in the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis were similarly found to be released in to the circulation upon a single injection of 500 mu g of dGAG. We suggest dGAGs to be promising candidates for adjunct therapy in severe malaria.
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| 67. |
- Zeng, Zhipeng, 1977-
(författare)
-
Deformation Behaviour, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of CP Ti Deformed at Elevated Temperatures
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present work, deformation behavior, texture and microstructure evolution of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) are investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) after compression tests at elevated temperatures. By analysing work hardening rate vs. flow stress, the deformation behaviour can be divided into three groups, viz. three-stage work hardening, two-stage work hardening and flow softening. A new deformation condition map is presented, dividing the deformation behavior of CP Ti into three distinct zones which can be separated by two distinct values of the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformed microstructures reveal that dynamic recovery is the dominant deformation mechanism for CP Ti during hot working. It is the first time that the Schmid factor and pole figures are used to analyse how the individual slip systems activate and how their activities evolve under various deformation conditions. Two constitutive equations are proposed in this work, one is for single peak dynamic recrystallization (DRX), the other is specially for CP Ti deformed during hot working. After the hot compression tests, some stress-strain curves show a single peak, leading to the motivation of setting up a DRX model. However, the examinations of EBSD maps and metallography evidently show that the deformation mechanism is dynamic recovery rather than DRX. Then, the second model is set up. The influence of the deformation conditions on grain size, texture and deformation twinning is systematically investigated. The results show that {10-12} twinning only occurs at the early stage of deformation. As the strain increases, the {10-12} twinning is suppressed while {10- 11} twinning appears. Three peaks are found in the misorientation frequency-distribution corresponding to basal fiber texture, {10-11} and {10-12} twinning, respectively. A logZ-value of 13 is found to be critical for both the onset of {10-11} compressive twinning and the break point for the subgrain size. The presence of {10-11} twinning is the key factor for effectively reducing the deformed grain size. The percentage of low angle grain boundaries decreases with increasing Z-parameter, falling into a region separated by two parallel lines with a common slope and 10% displacement. After deformation, three texture components can be found, one close to the compression direction, CD, one 10~30° to CD and another 45° to CD.
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| 68. |
- Zeng, Zhipeng, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the flow stress for single peak dynamic recrystallization
- 2009
-
Ingår i: MATERIALS & DESIGN. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 0261-3069. ; 30:6, s. 1939-1943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model is developed to predict the flow stress for single peak dynamic recrystallization during hot working based on the analysis of the mechanism of the process. The model reveals the dependence of flow stress on strain, strain rate, temperature and microstructure. The flow stress in the recrystallized zone is derived by an integral with the recrystallized volume fraction as the variable. The correlation between the microscopic variable and flow stress is investigated with the model. The performance of the model is evaluated through application on magnesium alloy AZ31D. The mean error of flow stress between the experimental and predicted results is examined. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental data is achieved. All mean errors are between −5.9% and 6.7%.
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| 69. |
- Zeng, Zhipeng, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of deformation conditions on microstructure and texture of Commercially Pure Ti
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 57:19, s. 5822-5833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron backscattered diffraction is employed to explore the dependence of deformation reduction, strain rate and temperature on microstructure and texture evolution of CP Ti after hot compression tests. It is found that {10-12} twinning only occurs at the early stage of deformation. As the strain increases, the {10-12} twinning is suppressed while {10-11} twinning appears. Three peaks are found in the misorientation frequency-distribution corresponding to basal fiber texture, {10-11} and {10-12} twinning, respectively. The data for the stable subgrain size and amount of {10-11} twins are separated into two groups at logZ = 13. Above this value, twinning is observed and the subgrain size is much finer, < 3μm. It is concluded that the presence of {10-11} twinning is the key factor for effectively reducing the deformed grain size. After deformation, three (0001) texture components can be found, one close to the compression direction, CD, one 10~30° to CD and another 45° to CD.
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