| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Peng, Xin, et al.
(författare)
-
A sampling method for calculating regional ship emission inventories
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we propose a sampling method for calculating ship exhaust emission inventories, which reduces the uncertainties induced by missing ship static data in traditional methods. The stratified random sampling method is utilized to take sample ships based on the ship density, ship type, and main engine power. The exhaust emissions from sample ship are calculated using an activity-based method with 1Â s temporal resolution AIS (Automatic Identification System) data. Then the regional ship exhaust emissions are estimated based on the sampling relationship. Sensitivity experiments show that the relative error of the proposed method decreases quickly with the sampling ratio (the ratio between the number of sampled ships and total ships) and it is less than 3.5% when the sampling ratio is higher than 10%. The method is used to estimate the inventories of ship exhaust emissions in the Yangtze river, which can improve the computational accuracy of ship emissions.
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| 53. |
- Peng, Xin, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimal site selection for the remote-monitoring sulfur content of ship fuels in ports
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The remote monitoring method based on air-quality monitoring sensors is a common way to monitor the FSC (fuel sulfur content) of oils for ships. Considering the influences of geographical environments, atmospheric conditions, regional ship traffic flow, emission characteristics of ships, and height of monitoring sensors on the monitor station chosen, a new method was proposed to optimize the site selection for monitoring the FSC of fuel oils used by ships in waters of the port. SO2 numeric simulation and observation from sensors were integrated to estimate the FSCs. The proposed method was utilized to recommend the sites of the fixed sniffing monitoring stations in Yantian port, Shenzhen, China from June and July 2018. The results showed that the experimental stations could monitor FSCs, and the relative difference between the estimated and actual FSCs of ships was 16.34%. The proposed method for recommending sites of FSC monitoring sensors contributed to intelligently supervising air pollutants emitted from ships and fuel oils of ships in the emission control areas of China.
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| 54. |
- Peng, Xin, et al.
(författare)
-
Remote detection sulfur content in fuel oil used by ships in emission control areas : A case study of the Yantian model in Shenzhen
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is proposed for remotely detecting sulfur content in fuel oil used by ships in emission control areas (ECAs) based on the direct collection of SO2 emission data from the plume of the ship and numerical simulation models. Assuming a ship in the ECA uses fuel oil with compliance fuel sulfur content (FSC), activity-based ship emission assessment model is firstly utilized to calculate the SO2 concentration emitted from the ship. Numerical simulation models are then used to estimate the theoretical SO2 diffusion concentration at the location of the monitoring equipment. The observed SO2 concentration at the same time can then be integrated to estimate the FSC of the ship. A sample of eleven ships was selected to verify the proposed method in Yantian port, Shenzhen, China in June 2018. The result illustrates that the method can remotely detect ships using fuel oil with the FSC greater than 0.146%m/m in the ECAs, the relative error is 46%.
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| 55. |
- Prein, Andreas F., et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Ensemble-Based Kilometer-Scale Climate Simulations over the Third Pole Region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains have an average elevation of 4,400m and a glaciated area of ∼ 100,000km 2 giving it the name “Third Pole (TP) region”. The TP is the headwater of many major rivers in Asia that provide fresh water to hundreds of millions of people. Climate change is altering the energy and water cycle of the TP at a record pace but the future of this region is highly uncertain due to major challenges in simulating weather and climate processes in this complex area. The Convection-Permitting Third Pole (CPTP) project is a Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) Flagship Pilot Study (FPS) that aims to revolutionize our understanding of climate change impacts on the TP through ensemble-based, kilometer-scale climate modeling. Here we present the experimental design and first results from multi-model, multi-physics ensemble simulations of three case studies. The five participating modeling systems show high performance across a range of meteorological situations and are close to having ”observational quality” in simulating precipitation and near-surface temperature. This is partly due to the large differences between observational datasets in this region, which are the leading source of uncertainty in model evaluations. However, a systematic cold bias above 2000m exists in most modeling systems. Model physics sensitivity tests performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model show that planetary boundary layer (PBL) physics and microphysics contribute equally to model uncertainties. Additionally, larger domains result in better model performance. We conclude by describing high-priority research needs and the next steps in the CPTP project.
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| 56. |
- Qi, Wen, et al.
(författare)
-
Multimodal data fusion framework enhanced robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. - : SAGE Publications. - 0142-3312 .- 1477-0369. ; 44:4, s. 735-743
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generous application of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS) promotes human-machine interaction (HMI). Identifying various behaviors of doctors can enhance the RAMIS procedure for the redundant robot. It bridges intelligent robot control and activity recognition strategies in the operating room, including hand gestures and human activities. In this paper, to enhance identification in a dynamic situation, we propose a multimodal data fusion framework to provide multiple information for accuracy enhancement. Firstly, a multi-sensors based hardware structure is designed to capture varied data from various devices, including depth camera and smartphone. Furthermore, in different surgical tasks, the robot control mechanism can shift automatically. The experimental results evaluate the efficiency of developing the multimodal framework for RAMIS by comparing it with a single sensor system. Implementing the KUKA LWR4+ in a surgical robot environment indicates that the surgical robot systems can work with medical staff in the future.
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| 57. |
- Ren, Hanyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Untangling the effects of climate variation and human interference on grassland dynamics in North China
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Land Degradation and Development. - 1085-3278 .- 1099-145X. ; 35:1, s. 467-483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climatic and anthropogenic disturbances play pivotal roles in shaping the dynamics of grassland. Quantifying their impacts on grassland variation is essential to ensure sustainable grassland management. In this study, we employed the Thornthwaite Memorial and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-approach (CASA) models to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of these two variables on grassland variation in northern China from 2000 to 2016, using the net primary productivity (NPP) as a measure. Our findings reveal that approximately 25.92% of the grassland in northern China experienced degradation, while restored grasslands occupied 45% of the total grassland area. The average grassland actual NPP (ANPP) and human-induced NPP decreased at rates of -0.60 and -5.62 gC m-2 a-1, respectively. Conversely, potential NPP exhibited an upward trend with an average increase of 2.27 gC m-2 a-1. Furthermore, grassland ANPP showed a projected increase in most parts of northern China. Climate change emerged as the primary driver for grassland restoration in Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia, leading to an increase of 21582.79 Gg C in grassland NPP. In contrast, human activities were the dominant catalysts for grassland degradation, resulting in a reduction of 51932.3 Gg C in grassland NPP. Human-induced grassland degradation was ubiquitous in northwest and northeast China. With the exception of slope grassland, climate change primarily influenced the restoration of most grassland types, while human activities were the primary cause of degradation. Our analysis indicated a strong correlation between temperature and grassland degradation, while precipitation played a pivotal role in grassland restoration in northern China. Human interference demonstrated both positive and negative impacts on grassland changes. In conclusion, the increase in precipitation and the implementation of ecological restoration plans have effectively promoted the restoration of grasslands in northern China.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Studnicka, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
COPD : Should Diagnosis Match Physiology?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 157:2, s. 473-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 60. |
- Sui, Zhongyi, et al.
(författare)
-
An improved approach for assessing marine traffic complexity based on Voronoi diagram and complex network
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 266, s. 112884-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shipping industry is constantly expanding, and maritime traffic is increasing in numerous navigable waters. For maritime traffic safety, improving Situation Awareness (SA) is critical. However, the majority of relevant research placed a greater emphasis on the risk of a collision between two ships, but failed to capture the complexity of the global traffic situation. In this paper, a framework for evaluating marine traffic complexity is developed. With the combination of the Voronoi diagram and complex network, an improved Marine Traffic Complex Network (MTSCN) is coming into being. The geometric features of Voronoi diagram are used to divide the water area into multiple cells, setting safe distances is avoided by treating ships as neighbors and other ships. The impact of neighbors on the situation awareness and the impact of other ships on the collision risk of own ship are considered. This method can more truly demonstrate the traffic complexity in the water area. Simulations are introduced to investigate the validity of the proposed method with two ships crossing situation, three ships crossing situation and four ships crossing situation. The proposed method is further demonstrated using actual AIS data in the Yangtze River, and the correlation between complexity and other indicators has been analyzed. The result shows that the improved MTSCN may give an intuitive and accessible measure to capture the essence of maritime traffic, which will be helpful in understanding, monitoring, and controlling maritime traffic safety in the future. Additionally, the complexity based on MTSCN could enhance the SA of VTSOs by supporting decision-making.
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| 61. |
- Sun, Jingwu, et al.
(författare)
-
From electronic structure to combustion model application for acrolein chemistry Part Ⅱ : Acrolein + HȮ2 reactions and the development of acrolein sub-mechanism
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acrolein, as one of the most hazardous aldehydes, can be formed among the carbonyls from the combustion of bio-fuels or mixtures of bio- and conventional fuels. Moreover, acrolein is also an important combustion intermediate in the oxidations of higher unsaturated hydrocarbons. A deep understanding of acrolein combustion chemistry will be useful for the kinetic modeling of higher hydrocarbons and ultimately practical fuels, with the acrolein reaction subset expected to be an important building block. In this work, the reaction system of acrolein + HȮ2, which is critical in controlling the reactivity of acrolein at low to intermediate temperatures (800–1000 K), was theoretically studied. Subsequently, by lumping the data calculated in this study, its companion work on the reaction system of acrolein + Ḣ in Part Ⅰ, other related high precision theoretical calculation studies and the relevant data estimated in the trusted models, a detailed chemical kinetic sub-mechanism has been developed to describe the directly related combustion reactions of acrolein. The kinetic, thermodynamic and transport data in the acrolein sub-mechanism were used to update and develop the base mechanism, AramcoMech 3.0. The updated model was then validated against ignition delay times (IDT) of acrolein measured in shock tube by Chatelain et al. [Fuel 135 (2014) 498], burning velocity of acrolein measured by Gibbs and Calcote [J. Chem. Engineer. Data 4 (1959) 226], species profiles from jet-stirred reactor for propene oxidation presented by Burke et al. [Combustion and Flame 161 (2014) 2765].
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| 62. |
- Sun, Jingwu, et al.
(författare)
-
From electronic structure to combustion model application for acrolein chemistry part I : Acrolein + H reactions and related chemistry
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed reaction kinetics of acrolein + H and related chemistry and its influence on the ignition delay time prediction of acrolein has been studied theoretically in this work. The geometry optimization and vibrational frequency calculations for every stationary point were performed at the BH&HLYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory, with one-dimensional hindered rotation treatments applied for low-frequency torsional modes determined by using BH&HLYP/6–31G(d). Electronic energies for all species were calculated at the ROCCSD(T)/cc-pVQ,TZ levels of theory. The kinetics and thermochemistry data were calculated and compared with existing literature results, where good agreement was observed. The branching ratios of the crucial products vary in the pressure range of 0.01–100 atm and temperatures from 298 to 2000 K. Taking 1 atm as an example, at temperatures above 1000 K, the main addition reaction products of acrolein + H are ethylene + formyl radical, while at lower temperatures, the formation of the resonantly stabilized radical, CH3ĊHCHO, is important. The dominant H-atom abstraction reaction channel by H atom proceeds at the α carbon atom of the aldehyde group of acrolein. However, the H-atom abstraction reactions are overwhelmed by the addition reactions. Decomposition reactions of four C3H3O radicals were calculated and analysed. Temperature-dependent thermochemical properties for all species in the reaction system and the pressure-dependent rate constants for each reaction pathway were incorporated into two acrolein combustion kinetic mechanisms, as well as two widely used mechanisms, AramcoMech 3.0 and JetSurF 2.0, to test the influence of the newly calculated data on acrolein oxidation. Some critical reactions for acrolein oxidation were highlighted by performing sensitivity and flux analyses.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Tian, Gui-Xian, et al.
(författare)
-
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Highly Efficient and Durable Ternary PtPdCu Electrocatalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research. - : Wiley. - 2699-9412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precious metal Pt-based electrocatalysts have been widely used in the methanol catalytic oxidation anodes in direct methanol fuel cells. However, decreasing their cost and improving their efficiency and durability have still been challenging. Herein, ternary PtPdCu nanocatalysts are synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. When KI is present with a suitable amount in the synthesis, PtPdCu nanospheres with surface-embedded CuI clusters (CuI/PtPdCu) are fabricated. However, without KI, the prepared PtPdCu catalysts show a distinct hollow structure (h-PtPtCu). CuI/PtPdCu displays the highest specific activity with enhancement 4 times higher than commercial Pt/C for the methanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium. The superior activity can be attributed to two aspects: 1) the electronic effect originating from the highly alloyed PtPdCu; 2) the synergetic effect resulting from surface inlaid CuI clusters, which can promote the CO intermediate removal. Furthermore, because of the stable Pt-Pd-rich surface and its special linked hollow structure, the h-PtPtCu catalyst exhibits good durability with only a 3.6% decay in the specific activity.
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| 65. |
- Wang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrostatic Waves Around a Magnetopause Reconnection Secondary Electron Diffusion Region Modulated by Whistler and Lower-Hybrid Waves
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 50:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate electrostatic waves in a magnetopause reconnection event around a secondary electron diffusion region. Near the current sheet mid-plane, parallel electron beam-mode waves are modulated by whistler waves. We conclude that the anisotropy of energized electrons in the reconnection exhaust excites whistler waves, which produce spatially modulated electron beams through nonlinear Landau resonance, and these beams excite beam-mode electrostatic waves. In the separatrix region, parallel propagating electrostatic waves associated with field-aligned electron beams and perpendicular propagating electron cyclotron harmonic waves with loss cone distributions exhibit modulation frequencies in the lower-hybrid wave (LHW) frequency range. We infer that LHWs scatter electrons to produce beams and alter loss cones to modulate electrostatic waves. The results advance our understanding about the regimes and mechanisms of electrostatic waves in reconnection, with an emphasis on their coupling with lower-frequency electromagnetic waves. Magnetic reconnection is an important energy dissipation process at the Earth's dayside magnetopause. In its central region, plasmas deviate from the thermal equilibrium and form structured distribution functions, which excite plasma waves. We investigate high-frequency electrostatic waves in an event, where the waves are associated with electron beam-plasma interaction or anisotropy of distribution functions. We find that electrostatic waves are driven and modulated by lower-frequency waves, as the latter alters the particle distribution functions. The results help us understand how various processes couple with each other to achieve the energy dissipation. Parallel electron beam-mode waves are modulated by whistler near the current sheet mid-plane, by driving beams through Landau resonanceElectron beam-mode and cyclotron waves are modulated by lower-hybrid waves near separatrices, with beam and loss cone distributions
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Weinstock, Joshua S, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant activation of TCL1A promotes stem cell expansion in clonal haematopoiesis.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 616:7958, s. 755-763
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1. These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6, but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this limitation, we developed a method to infer the expansion rate from data from a single time point. We applied this method to 5,071 people with clonal haematopoiesis. A genome-wide association study revealed that a common inherited polymorphism in the TCL1A promoter was associated with a slower expansion rate in clonal haematopoiesis overall, but the effect varied by driver gene. Those carrying this protective allele exhibited markedly reduced growth rates or prevalence of clones with driver mutations in TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1 and SRSF2, butthis effect was not seen inclones withdriver mutations in DNMT3A. TCL1A was not expressed in normal or DNMT3A-mutated HSCs, but the introduction of mutations in TET2 or ASXL1 led to the expression of TCL1A protein and the expansion of HSCs in vitro. The protective allele restricted TCL1A expression and expansion of mutant HSCs, as did experimentalknockdown of TCL1A expression. Forced expression of TCL1A promoted the expansion of human HSCs in vitro and mouse HSCs in vivo. Our results indicate that the fitness advantage of several commonly mutated driver genes in clonal haematopoiesis may be mediated by TCL1A activation.
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| 68. |
- Xin, Xiaoyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultrafast and selective labeling of endogenous proteins using affinity-based benzotriazole chemistry
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 13:24, s. 7240-7246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical modification of proteins is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in complex biological systems and for drug development. Selective labeling of native or endogenous proteins is challenging owing to the existence of distinct functional groups in proteins and in living systems. Chemistry for rapid and selective labeling of proteins remains in high demand. Here we have developed novel affinity labeling probes using benzotriazole (BTA) chemistry. We showed that affinity-based BTA probes selectively and covalently label a lysine residue in the vicinity of the ligand binding site of a target protein with a reaction half-time of 28 s. The reaction rate constant is comparable to the fastest biorthogonal chemistry. This approach was used to selectively label different cytosolic and membrane proteins in vitro and in live cells. BTA chemistry could be widely useful for labeling of native/endogenous proteins, target identification and development of covalent inhibitors.
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| 69. |
- Xing, Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrated opposite charge grafting induced ionic-junction fiber
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of ionic-junction devices has attracted growing interests due to the potential of serving as signal transmission and translation media between electronic devices and biological systems using ions. Among them, fiber-shaped iontronics possesses a great advantage in implantable applications owing to the unique one-dimensional geometry. However, fabricating stable ionic-junction on curved surfaces remains a challenge. Here, we developed a polyelectrolyte based ionic-junction fiber via an integrated opposite charge grafting method capable of large-scale continuous fabrication. The ionic-junction fibers can be integrated into functions such as ionic diodes and ionic bipolar junction transistors, where rectification and switching of input signals are implemented. Moreover, synaptic functionality has also been demonstrated by utilizing the fiber memory capacitance. The connection between the ionic-junction fiber and sciatic nerves of the mouse simulating end-to-side anastomosis is further performed to realize effective nerve signal conduction, verifying the capability for next-generation artificial neural pathways in implantable bioelectronics. Ionic-junction devices are difficult to integrate with fiber-shaped tissues like nerves and muscles for applications in implantable bioelectronics due to their large size and bulk structure. Authors realize here easy to implant fiber-shaped iontronics through an integrated opposite charge grafting process, enabling the construction of ionic logic gates and artificial neural pathways.
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| 70. |
- Xu, Wen, et al.
(författare)
-
Localized surface plasmon resonances in self-doped copper chalcogenide binary nanocrystals and their emerging applications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nano Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 1748-0132 .- 1878-044X. ; 33, s. 100892-
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to their extraordinary surface plasmon and semiconductor properties, copper chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) have experienced a steeply increased interest for various types of applications since the first discovery of their plasmonic property in 2009. This article critically and comprehensively reviews the decade long research effort devoted to doped plasmonic copper chalcogenide binary NCs with respect to their synthesis methods, their theoretical description and various applications. In particular, we focus on factors that impact their localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and on methods used for tuning the LSPRs. We emphasize the underlying mechanisms of LSPR generation and the unique roles and advantages of the copper chalcogenide NCs with respect to the commonly attended plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Finally, we review current challenges in the field of copper chalcogenide NCs and give a perspective for further research. We believe that this review provides a timely and concise summary of the field of plasmonic copper chalcogenide NCs for the benefit and inspiration of its rapid and formulated development.
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| 71. |
- Xu, Yanting, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted inhibition of ATP5B gene prevents bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Pharmacological Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-6618 .- 1096-1186. ; 165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone resorption by osteoclasts is an energy consuming activity, which depends on mitochondrial ATP. ATP5B, a mitochondrial ATP synthase beta subunit, is a catalytic core involved in producing ATP. Here, we investigated the contribution of ATP5B in osteoclast differentiation and joint destruction. ATP5B (LV-ATP5B) targeting or non-targeting (LV-NC) siRNA containing lentivirus particles were transduced into bone marrow macrophage derived osteoclasts or locally administered to arthritic mouse joints. Inhibition of ATP5B reduced the expression of osteoclast related genes and proteins, suppressed bone resorption by significantly impairing F-actin formation and decreased the levels of adhesion-associated proteins. In addition, ATP5B deficiency caused osteoclast mitochondrial dysfunction and, impaired the secretion of vacuole protons and MMP9. Importantly, inhibition of ATP5B expression, protected arthritis mice from joint destructions although serum levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IgG2α antibodies were unaffected. These results demonstrate an essential function of ATP5B in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for protecting bones in RA.
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| 72. |
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| 73. |
- Yang, Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
In-situ loading synthesis of graphene supported PtCu nanocube and its high activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 595, s. 107-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A perfect PtCu nanocube with partial hollow structure was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and its electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was studied. The appropriate concentration of shape-control additives KI and triblock pluronic copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO19-PPO69-PEO19) (P123) play crucial roles in the final product morphology. The PtCu nanocubes can be perfectly in situ immobilizedonto graphene under the action of P123 while the structure and cubic morphologyremain unchanged. The electrochemical tests suggest that the obtained PtCu nanocube (PtCu-NCb) exhibits better MOR activity and stability than PtCu hexagon nanosheet (PtCu-NSt), PtCu nanoellipsoid (PtCu-NEs) and commercial Pt/C in alkaline medium. When in situ immobilized onto graphene, the MOR catalytic activity and stability of PtCu cubes are further improved. The markedly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability maybe attributed to the special cubic morphology with partial hollow structure enclosed by highly efficient facet and the probably the synergistic effect of PtCu and intermediate state CuI decorated on the surface and graphene.
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| 74. |
- Young, Cameron, et al.
(författare)
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A hypomorphic variant in the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit TOMM7 causes short stature and developmental delay
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Human Genetics and Genomics Advances. - : ELSEVIER. - 2666-2477. ; 4:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding gene products that regulate mitochondrial function. These genes are located either in the mitochondrial or in the nuclear genome. The TOMM7 gene encodes a regulatory subunit of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex that plays an essential role in translocation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins into mitochondria. We report an individual with a homozygous variant in TOMM7 (c.73T>C, p.Trp25Arg) that presented with a syndromic short stature, skeletal abnormalities, muscle hypotonia, microvesicular liver steatosis, and developmental delay. Analysis of mouse models strongly suggested that the identified variant is hypomorphic because mice homozygous for this variant showed a milder phenotype than those with homozygous Tomm7 deletion. These Tomm7 mutant mice show pathological changes consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, including growth defects, severe lipoatrophy, and lipid accumulation in the liver. These mice die prematurely following a rapidly progressive weight loss during the last week of their lives. Tomm7 deficiency causes a unique alteration in mitochondrial function; despite the bioenergetic deficiency, mutant cells show increased oxygen consumption with normal responses to electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, suggesting that Tomm7 deficiency leads to an uncoupling between oxidation and ATP synthesis without impairing the function of the tricarboxylic cycle metabolism or ETC. This study presents evidence that a hypomorphic variant in one of the genes encoding a subunit of the TOM complex causes mitochondrial disease.
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| 75. |
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| 76. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 77. |
- Zhang, Shuangshuang, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of carbon-based strongest and hardest amorphous material
- 2022
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Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp2, and sp3). Exploring new forms of carbon has always been the eternal theme of scientific research. Herein, we report the amorphous (AM) carbon materials with high fraction of sp3 bonding recovered from compression of fullerene C60 under high pressure and high temperature previously unexplored. Analysis of photoluminescence and absorption spectra demonstrates that they are semiconducting with a bandgap range of 1.5–2.2 eV, comparable to that of widely used amorphous silicon. Comprehensive mechanical tests demonstrate that the synthesized AM-III carbon is the hardest and strongest amorphous material known so far, which can scratch diamond crystal and approach its strength. The produced AM carbon materials combine outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, and may potentially be used in photovoltaic applications that require ultrahigh strength and wear resistance.
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| 78. |
- Zhao, Xue-Ke, et al.
(författare)
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Focal amplifications are associated with chromothripsis events and diverse prognoses in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, we identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, and find focal amplifications in the GCA cohort are associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits. We observe diverse correlations between the presence of oncogene focal amplifications and prognosis, where ERBB2 focal amplifications positively correlate with prognosis and EGFR focal amplifications negatively correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients show survival probability of ERBB2 positive patients is lower than that of ERBB2 negative patients when their surviving time is under 2 years, however, the tendency is opposite when their surviving time is longer than 2 years. Our observations indicate that the ERBB2 focal amplifications may represent a good prognostic marker in GCA patients.
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| 79. |
- Zhao, Yadong, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of surimi gel properties through the synergetic effect of fucoidan and oligochitosan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, two common marine-derived dietary fibres (MDFs), fucoidan (FU) and oligochitosan (OCS), were introduced as textural and nutritional enhancers in hairtail surimi gels. The MDFs could assist with inhabiting the endogenous proteolytic enzyme activity, unfolding the myosin to expose more reactive domains, inducing favorable protein conformational transition, and thus, promoting gelation. The highly hydrophilic MDFs rich in -OH groups can bind water molecules via strong hydrogen bonds, facilitating water redistribution within the gel network. Driven by the enhanced chemical forces, a stable protein-FU-OCS gel is obtained, which improves the hardness by almost 100% and the water holding capacity from 86.25% to 92.25%. Collectively, this study demonstrates that MDFs are a group of effective additives to improve gel characteristics and nutritional profiles of surimi-based seafood products. The proposed MDF-protein interaction model would guide the application of MDFs as novel additives in the food industry.
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| 80. |
- Zhou, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent carbon input primes decomposition of decadal soil organic matter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in response to global change represents a critical uncertainty in coupled carbon (C) cycle-climate models. Much of this uncertainty arises from our limited mechanistic knowledge of the effects of organic C input frequency on SOM decomposition. Based on a three-source-partitioning isotopic approach (14C glucose addition to soil continuously labeled by C4 plants over 21 years) and literature review of 86 observations, we assessed the priming of fast- and decadal-SOM decomposition after occasional and frequent (every 12 vs 60 days) labile C input in a grassland soil. Frequent glucose input accelerated SOM decomposition over 200 days, but the occasional input reduced this positive priming by 2.6 times. The positive priming by occasional C input resulted in 139 μg C g−1 soil net C sequestration corresponding to 38% of C input. During the 200 days incubation, the primed fast-cycling C (younger than 21 years) under occasional C addition was 52–94% greater compared with frequent addition. Conversely, the priming of decadal SOM (older than 21 years) by frequent C input was 463 μg C g−1 after the 200 days incubation, which represents 5.3% of the initial decadal-cycling soil C pool. This was 1.5 times higher than by occasional input because of the stronger N mining caused by the continuously high activity of microbial K strategists under frequent C input. Our global scale assessment showed that occasional C input reduces the priming of decadal SOM decomposition by 89–127 Tg per year compared to frequent input and thus, sequestrated an additional 102 Tg C per year. Overall, the vulnerability of decadal SOM to increasing C input frequency thus weakening the C sink of grassland, whilst reduced C input frequency (e.g. by drought) suppresses the SOM priming and reduces the positive feedback of SOM decomposition to global change. This points out the necessity to assess the age of soil C when predicting the consequences of altered soil C input frequency under global change.
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| 81. |
- Zhou, Jinyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T : Application to brain tumors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1522-2594 .- 0740-3194. ; 88:2, s. 546-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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| 82. |
- Zhou, Kehui, et al.
(författare)
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Current Progress in the Development of Zika Virus Vaccines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vaccines. - Basel : MDPI. - 2076-393X. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus first discovered in the Americas. ZIKV infection is insidious based on its mild clinical symptoms observed after infection. In Brazil, after 2015, ZIKV infection broke out on a large scale, and many infected pregnant women gave birth to babies with microcephaly. The teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus and its effects on nerves and the immune system have attracted great attention. Currently, no specific prophylactics or therapeutics are clinically available to treat ZIKV infection. Development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to prevent the rise of any potential pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest research on Zika vaccine development based on different strategies, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), mRNA-based vaccines, and others. We anticipate that this review will facilitate further progress toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against ZIKV infection.
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| 83. |
- Zhou, Tunhe, et al.
(författare)
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Bumblebee compound eye 3D imaging with x-ray holotomography
- 2023
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bumblebees are important pollinators, that are declining rapidly in number and need urgent protection. Visual cues are extremely important for bumblebee activities and survival so a full understanding of the micro-and nano-structure of their eyes will help us to better understand their vision and how it is affected by rapid habitat changes. Here, we present the first report on imaging of 3D structures with sub-100 nm resolution of an unstained bumblebee compound eye using X-ray holographic tomography. This study demonstrates the potential of using X-ray nano-tomography for bulk samples for zoological studies on insects. Compared to the other commonly used methods, such as TEM and FIB-SEM, X-ray nanoCT is non-destructive and relatively fast, and has the potential for providing a better understanding of a broad range of biological materials.
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| 84. |
- Zhou, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Causal relationships between body mass index, smoking and lung cancer : Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 148:5, s. 1077-1086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the time of cancer diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) is inversely correlated with lung cancer risk, which may reflect reverse causality and confounding due to smoking behavior. We used two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal relationships of BMI and smoking behaviors on lung cancer and histological subtypes based on an aggregated genome-wide association studies (GWASs) analysis of lung cancer in 29 266 cases and 56 450 controls. We observed a positive causal effect for high BMI on occurrence of small-cell lung cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-2.06,P= 2.70 x 10(-4)). After adjustment of smoking behaviors using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR), a direct causal effect on small cell lung cancer (ORMVMR= 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.55,P-MVMR= .011), and an inverse effect on lung adenocarcinoma (ORMVMR= 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.96,P-MVMR= .008) were observed. A weak increased risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma was observed for higher BMI in univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis (ORUVMR= 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01-1.40,P-UVMR= .036), but this effect disappeared after adjustment of smoking (ORMVMR= 1.02, 95% CI = 0.90-1.16,P-MVMR= .746). These results highlight the histology-specific impact of BMI on lung carcinogenesis and imply mediator role of smoking behaviors in the association between BMI and lung cancer.
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| 85. |
- Zhu, Yuxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Combustion chemistry of methoxymethanol. Part I : Chemical kinetics of hydrogen-abstraction reactions and the unimolecular reactions of the product [C2H5O2] radicals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction kinetics of hydrogen-abstraction reactions from methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) by hydrogen (Ḣ) atom, hydroxyl (ȮH), hydroperoxyl (HȮ2), methyl (ĊH3) and methoxyl (CH3Ȯ) radicals, and decomposition of the related hydroxyl-methoxyl-methyl (CH3OĊHOH), hydroxymethoxyl-methyl (ĊH2OCH2OH) and methoxyl-methoxy (CH3OCH2Ȯ) radicals, have been investigated in this study through high-level ab initio calculations. The stationary points of the potential energy surfaces have been determined at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory corrected by MP2/aug-cc-pVT,QZ methods, based on the optimized geometries obtained from BHandHLYP/6–311++G(d,p) method. Rate constants at temperatures from 300 to 2000 K for H-abstraction reactions by Ḣ atom, HȮ2, ĊH3 and CH3Ȯ radicals have been obtained using conventional transition state theory (TST), while those for H-abstraction reactions by ȮH radical have been calculated employing variation transition state theory (VTST). It is found that the H-abstraction reactions from the secondary carbon atom of methoxymethanol are the most favored pathways. Total rate constants for H-abstraction reactions by ȮH radical are the fastest among the title H-abstraction reactions at temperatures below 1000 K, while H-abstraction reactions by Ḣ atom are more competitive at temperatures above 1200 K. Pressure-dependent rate constants at temperatures in the range of 300–2000 K and at pressures from 0.01 to 100 atm for the unimolecular reactions of CH3OĊHOH, ĊH2OCH2OH and CH3OCH2Ȯ radicals have been obtained from Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/Master Equation (RRKM/ME) calculations. Temperature-dependent thermochemical properties for methoxymethanol and related radicals have been computed using a combination of composite methods.
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