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- Supej, M, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetries in the Technique and Ground Reaction Forces of Elite Alpine Skiers Influence Their Slalom Performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 10:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Although many of the movements of skiers are asymmetric, little is presently known about how such asymmetry influences performance. Here, our aim was to examine whether asymmetries in technique and the ground reaction forces associated with left and right turns influence the asymmetries in the performance of elite slalom skiers. Methods: As nine elite skiers completed a 20-gate slalom course, their three-dimensional full-body kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRF) were monitored with a global navigation satellite and inertial motion capture systems, in combination with pressure insoles. For multivariable regression models, 26 predictor skiing techniques and GRF variables and 8 predicted skiing performance variables were assessed, all of them determining asymmetries in terms of symmetry and Jaccard indices. Results: Asymmetries in instantaneous and sectional performance were found to have the largest predictor coefficients associated with asymmetries in shank angle and hip flexion of the outside leg. Asymmetry for turn radius had the largest predictor coefficients associated with asymmetries in shank angle and GRF on the entire outside foot. Conclusions: Although slalom skiers were found to move their bodies in a quite symmetrical fashion, asymmetry in their skiing technique and GRF influenced variables related to asymmetries in performance.
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- Supej, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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A new time measurement method using a high end Global Navigation Satellite System to analyze alpine skiing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. - New York : Springer. - 0270-1367 .- 2168-3824. ; 82:3, s. 400-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time measurement with photocells is a frequently used method in quantifying performance. Although this method has a high accuracy, it also has some limitations when performing a detailed temporal analysis of repetitive multiple movement cycles in a complex technical sport, such as alpine skiing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a new method for time computation from surveyed trajectories using a real time kinematics global navigation satellite system (GNSS RTK) and to compare this with traditional photocell measurements. Two validation experiments were performed with 1) a trolley and 2) running over a 10-m distance. An application experiment was performed on eight alpine skiers on a slalom run, in which the GNSS RTK system was compared to photocell time recordings. The validation experiment demonstrated small mean time differences (<.0015 s) with no systematic bias, with a scatter of time differences that were velocity dependent and were diminishing at higher velocities. In the ski experiment, the multiple gate to gate and lag times demonstrated that the GNSS enabled a detailed performance analysis. The measurements using GNSS RTK showed a high validity and potential as a tool for more specific analysis of performance in alpine skiing.
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- Newie, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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The HER2-Encoded miR-4728-3p Regulates ESR1 through a Non-Canonical Internal Seed Interaction.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early 1980s remarkable progress has been made in understanding the role of the HER2 locus in carcinogenesis, but many details of its regulatory network are still elusive. We recently reported the finding of 367 new human microRNA (miRNA) genes of which one, mir-4728, is encoded in an intron of the HER2 gene. Here, we confirm that the HER2 oncogene is a bi-functional locus encoding the membrane receptor and a functional miRNA gene. We further show that miR-4728-3p has alternative functionalities depending on the region used for interaction with its target; the canonical seed between nucleotides 2-8 or a novel, more internal seed shifted to nucleotides 6-12. Analysis of public data shows that this internal seed region, although rare compared to the far more abundant canonical 2-8 seed interaction, can also direct targeted down-regulation by other miRNAs. Through the internal seed, miR-4728-3p regulates expression of estrogen receptor alpha, an interaction that would have remained undetected if classic rules for miRNA-target interaction had been applied. In summary, we present here an alternative mode of miRNA regulation and demonstrate this dual function of the HER2 locus, linking the two major biomarkers in breast cancer.
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- Nozière, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric chemistry in stereo : A new look at secondary organic aerosols from isoprene
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 38, s. L11807-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isoprene, a compound emitted by vegetation, could be a major contributor to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main evidence for this contribution were the 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraols, or 2-methyltetrols (2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol) present in ambient aerosols. In this work, the four stereoisomers of these tetraols were analyzed in aerosols from Aspvreten, Sweden. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol was found in excess over its enantiomer in the Spring/Summer, by up to 29% in July. This clearly indicated some biological origins for this enantiomer, consistent with its well-documented production by plants and other living organisms. In addition, a minimum of 20 to 60% of the mass of racemic tetraols appeared from biological origin. Thus, the SOA mass produced by isoprene in the atmosphere is less than what indicated by the 2-methyltetrols in aerosols. Our results also demonstrate that stereochemical speciation can distinguish primary and secondary organic material in atmospheric aerosols.
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