| 1. |
- Hägglin, Catharina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Dental anxiety in relation to mental health and personality factors. A longitudinal study of middle-aged and elderly women.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 109:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the longitudinal course of dental anxiety in relation to age, mental health and personality factors. In 1968 69 a representative sample of 778 women aged 38 to 54 yr took part in a psychiatric examination. Three hundred and ten were followed up in 1992-93. A phobia questionnaire, including assessment of dental fear, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were distributed to the participants at both occasions. High dental fear was reported by 16.8% of the women at baseline and was associated with a higher number of other phobias, a higher level of neuroticism, more psychiatric impairment, more social disability due to phobic disorder, and a higher anxiety level. Among women who reported high dental fear in 1968 69 (n=36), 64% remitted and 36% remained fearful. Among women with low dental fear in 1968 69 (n = 274), 5% reported high dental fear in 1992-93. Chronicity was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and more psychiatric impairment at base-line. Remission was associated with higher extraversion at baseline. Dental anxiety increased or decreased over time in concert with the number of other fears.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes to dental hygienists: evaluation of the Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey in a Swedish population of patients and students.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of dental hygiene. - : Wiley. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 5:2, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate and test the psychometric properties of the Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey (DHBS) in a Swedish sample of different patient groups and students. It was hypothesized that negative dental hygienist beliefs would discriminate between fearful and non-fearful study groups. The DHBS was distributed together with the revised Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS-R) and the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). The study sample included 394 subjects (130 students, 144 general dental patients, 90 periodontal patients and 30 patients on a waiting list for dental fear treatment). The results verified that the DHBS discriminates well between dentally fearful and non-fearful study groups. The DHBS had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96-0.98) in all the groups. The correlation between the DHBS and the DBS-R was high (rho = 0.82, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the DHBS correlated significantly with the DAS, as well as with a low but significant correlation to age (more negative attitudes in younger age groups) and gender (more negative attitudes amongst women). Regression analysis showed that gender and the DHBS items: 23, 16 and 28, i.e. items related to feeling helpless, worries/fears not being taken seriously and fear about 'bad news' possibly preventing treatment, were the most important predictors of dental fear. The results suggest that the DHBS may be a valid and reliable scale to use in order to assess patient's specific attitudes to dental hygienists. However, the psychometric properties including test-retest analysis and the underlying factor structure of the DHBS need to be further explored.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Dental beliefs: evaluation of the Swedish version of the revised Dental Beliefs Survey in different patient groups and in a non-clinical student sample.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 114:3, s. 209-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate and to test the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the revised Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS-R) in different patient groups and in a non-clinical sample of students. It was hypothesized that negative dental beliefs, assessed using the DBS-R, would discriminate between fearful and non-fearful study groups. The questionnaire was distributed together with the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). The sample included 550 adults who responded to the questionnaires (206 students, 177 general dental patients, 105 periodontal patients and 62 patients at a waiting list for dental-fear treatment). The internal drop-out rate was low. The results confirmed that the DBS-R discriminates well between fearful patients and the other study groups. The DBS-R had a high internal consistency in all the study groups. Furthermore, the DBS-R correlated significantly with age (higher values in younger age groups) and the DAS. Regression analyses showed that the DBS-R subdimensions of 'communication' and 'control'/or 'trust', respectively, were significant predictors for dental fear. The results suggest that the DBS-R is a reliable and valid instrument for use in different Swedish patient- and non-clinical population groups in order to assess attitudes to dentists. However, the underlying factor structure of the DBS-R needs to be further explored and established.
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| 4. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Phobic avoidance and regular dental care in fearful dental patients: a comparative study.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 16, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present investigation was a comparative study of 169 highly fearful dental patients, some of whom received regular dental care (n = 28) and some who never, or only when absolutely necessary, utilized dental care (n = 141). It was hypothesized that phobic avoidance is related to anticipatory stress and anxiety reactions, negative oral health effects, psychological distress, and negative social consequences. Background factors (sex, age, education, and dental attendance pattern), dental anxiety, general fears, general state and trait anxiety, mood states, depression, and quality of life effects were studied. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with exploratory factor and multiple logistic regression analysis. It was shown that dental anxiety is significantly higher among the avoiders and this is in particular evident for anticipatory dental anxiety. Oral health differed between the groups, and it was shown that avoiders had significantly more missing teeth, whereas regular attenders had significantly more filled teeth. The avoiders reported a stronger negative impact on their daily life, whereas there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to general emotions. The logistic regression analysis showed that phobic avoidance was predicted only by anticipated dental anxiety and missing teeth. It was concluded that differences between high dental fear patients with regular dental care and phobic avoidance were mainly related to anticipated fear and anxiety, oral health effects, and concomitant negative life consequences. These results are discussed in terms of subjective stress, negative cognitions, social support, and coping-strategies.
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| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of dental beliefs for the outcome of dental-fear treatment.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the importance of dental beliefs and the predictive value of the Dental Belief Survey (DBS) in dental-fear treatment. The sample comprised 117 adult patients seeking treatment at a dental-fear clinic. Pretreatment data were collected during a screening procedure, including two visits to the dentist. Outcome measurements were completed after treatment. The dentist rated successful/unsuccessful treatment outcome. Patients unsuccessful in treatment (n = 48) reported more initial negative dental beliefs, while patients successful in treatment (n = 69) showed a larger decrease in negative beliefs between the first and second visit to the dentist. However, these differences were small. There was a significant difference between the groups at visit two. Thus, patients unsuccessful in treatment reported more negative beliefs about how dentists communicate. Regression analyses showed that improved dental beliefs during the first two visits to the dentist predicted dental-fear reduction, while longer avoidance time, female gender, low engagement in treatment, and depressed mood increased the risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Our results suggest that the DBS provides valuable information, and that patients' subjective perceptions about how dentists communicate are important for treatment outcome. However, initial dental beliefs were not found to predict clinical treatment outcome.
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| 6. |
- Ahlqwist, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Dental status of women in a 24-year longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Results from a population study of women in Göteborg.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 57:3, s. 162-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe dental health status among middle-aged and elderly women over a 24-year period. Because of the design of the study it was possible to make both longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons. The study started in 1968-69 with a combined medical and dental examination of women aged between 38 and 60 years. New dental examinations of these same women were performed in 1980-81 and again in 1992-93, and included new cohorts of 38-year-old women on both occasions. In the cross-sectional perspective, it was shown that the number of edentate individuals decreased significantly during the 24-year period. Among dentate women, the number of remaining teeth and restored teeth increased significantly cross-sectionally. However, the youngest age group, women of 38 years, showed a lower number of restored teeth in the latest study (in 1992-93). There was also a lower number of crowns, root-fillings, and pontics in the latest study for the youngest age group. The two older age groups studied cross-sectionally showed similar numbers in all studies. In the longitudinal study, there was a decrease with time in incidence of edentulism. Among the dentate women in the longitudinal study the number of restored teeth related to those remaining was high (range 76-90%) and did not change much between the studies in the different age groups. There was a clear tendency during the 24-year period in all age groups for more teeth to be restored with crowns rather than different fillings. In conclusion, this population study, with a follow-up of 24 years, shows that dental status improved in that fewer individuals lost all their teeth and younger age groups have more remaining teeth and fewer restorations than previously.
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| 7. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with direct conditioned and indirect cognitive reported origin of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 105:3, s. 213-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the reported conditioned or cognitive origin of dental phobia in 100 adult patients at a specialized dental phobia clinic. It was shown that a majority of patients reported a conditioned background to their dental fear. Patients' avoidance time and level of dental anxiety corresponded to previously reported data for fearful groups. Individuals with an arousal conditioning etiology of dental fear reported significantly longer avoidance time as compared to individuals with a cognitively learned reaction. With the exception of an elevated level of general fears, most psychometrically assessed emotional reactions were well within normal ranges. However, patients with a non-conditioned, cognitive etiology reported significantly higher levels of trait anxiety and fear of embarrassment. In addition, a separate analysis among women revealed a greater fear of physical injuries among patients with cognitive etiology.
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with phobic dental anxiety.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:4, s. 217-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a screening procedure for psychologic distress in adult patients with dental phobia before treatment of dental fear. The screening procedure was performed among 191 individuals in consecutive steps and included a medical/dental history, psychologic interviewing, and testing. Data collected during this process were analyzed and compared with SCL-90(R) data. The screening process was successful in selecting individuals without major psychologic distress problems. Among the excluded patients 91% had general symptoms scores on the SCL-90(R) exceeding a normative population mean, and 95% of included patients had a mean lower than an average for psychiatric outpatients. There were statistically significant differences between included and excluded patients on all subdimensions of the SCL-90. Thus, excluded patients had higher levels of psychologic distress, poorer psychosocial background, and more psychosomatic symptoms. This was accompanied by higher levels of negative attitudes toward dentists and their performance of dentistry, whereas no significant differences were found among the dental fear measures used.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Factor analysis and reduction of a Fear Survey Schedule among dental phobic patients.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 331-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fear survey instrument, based on the Fear Survey Schedule-II and five additional fear items, was administered to 109 patients (70 women and 39 men) on a waiting list at a specialized dental fear clinic. The fear survey was analyzed to identify its factorial structure. Five fear factors, explaining 54% of the total variance, were identified concerning areas of "illness and death", "failures and embarrassment", "social situations", "physical injuries", and "animals and natural phenomena". An ad hoc reduction of items was carried out to form a shorter, more practical to use questionnaire, which resulted in factors of four or five items with loadings greater than 0.50. The factors intercorrelated significantly (rp varying between 0.33 and 0.59) and "illness and death" correlated highly with "physical injuries" (rp = 0.59) and "animals and natural phenomena" (rp = 0.56), while "failures and embarrassment" correlated highly to "social situations" (rp = 0.54). Statistically significant, but generally lower correlations were found between each factor and the dental fear measures. The highest correlations were found between fear of "physical injuries" and dental fear. There was also a high and significant correlation between sex and fear of "animals and natural phenomena".
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Relaxation vs. cognitively oriented therapies for dental fear.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of dental research. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 79:9, s. 1645-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive therapy has been reported for the treatment of dental phobia, but comparisons with other behavioral treatments are scarce. This study investigated the outcome of two modes of treatment for phobic dental fear. Relaxation and cognitively oriented therapy were compared in a sample of 112 adult fearful dental patients. The patient made questionnaire assessments of background and outcome variables, and the specialist dentist rated successful/non-successful outcome. It was shown that a higher number of patients who received cognitively oriented therapy completed the treatment program, while anxiety was more reduced among patients who received relaxation-oriented therapy. Dropout during the initial phobia therapy with a psychologist was related to lower motivation (willingness to engage in treatment), while failures during dental treatment after the completion of therapy were related to higher levels of general fear and anxiety. A multiple logistic regression model explaining 67% of the variance revealed that the risk of failure was only slightly increased by general fears, while patients with low (below median) motivation ran a 3.6-times-higher risk of dropping out. In conclusion, it was shown that the two treatment methods were both effective in reducing dental phobic reactions. However, while cognitively oriented therapy resulted in a higher number of patients completing therapy, relaxation-oriented treatment generally resulted in a more significant reduction in dental fear as well as in general anxiety and fear. Motivation was found to be a significant predictor of successful treatment outcome.
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| 11. |
- Bergius, Marianne, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of prolonged pain experiences during orthodontic treatment
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6752 .- 0889-5406. ; 133:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigated prolonged pain reactions in teenage orthodontic patients during a common orthodontic treatment. The aim was to examine factors predicting pain at the end of a follow-up week after placement of elastic separators. METHODS: Fifty-five patients (ages, 12-18 years) were included. Baseline assessments were made of perceived intensity of general and dental pain experiences, motivation for treatment, dental anxiety, and personality factors (self-esteem and temperament). Pain intensity was assessed on a visual analog scale, and pain medications were recorded. The patients were separated into pain and no-pain groups according to pain experiences at day 7. RESULTS: The pain group (mainly girls) had significantly higher ratings of treatment pain than in the non-pain group at all times measured except for the treatment day. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions showed significant predictive power from motivation, dental anxiety, activity temperament, and vaccination pain. CONCLUSIONS: In this adolescent patient sample, low motivation for orthodontic treatment, high ratings of vaccination pain, elevated dental anxiety level, and low activity temperament characterized patients reporting pain 1 week after the elastic separators were placed.
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| 12. |
- Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Number of teeth, body mass index, and dental anxiety in middle-aged Swedish women
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Odontol Scand. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 60:6, s. 346-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factors for poor dental health include obesity, low socio-economic status, poor dietary habits, and dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to explore the complex relation between body mass index (BMI) and number of teeth in middle-aged women taking education, dietary intake patterns, dental care utilization, and dental anxiety into account. Three groups of women (37-60 years): reference women (group I, BMI 23.8 +/- 3.1 kg/m2), obese women (group II, BMI 35.0 +/- 2.6 kg/m2), and severely obese women (group III, BMI 41.0 +/- 3.4 kg/m2) were included. Questionnaires were used to assess education, smoking, number of teeth, dental care utilization, dental anxiety, dietary intake, and meal patterns. Age, education, and smoking habits did not differ significantly between groups. However, there were significant global differences in number of teeth (27.2 +/- 3.4, 23.0 +/- 9.2, 24.7 +/- 5.9) and reported daily energy intake (9756 +/- 3363 kJ, 10344 +/- 3850 kJ, 11970 +/- 3786 kJ in groups I, II, and m, respectively). In a multiple regression model, a lower number of teeth was independently associated with higher age, higher BMI, lower education, irregular dental care, high dental anxiety, higher energy intake, and lower iron intake. These variables explained 25% of the variation in number of teeth. In conclusion, BMI is an independent predictor of number of teeth in middle-aged women when socio-economic, dietary, and psychological factors are taken into account.
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| 13. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors with a 36-year perspective: observations from 38- and 50-year-olds in the Population Study of women in Gothenburg
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7724 .- 0281-3432. ; 26:3, s. 140-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. cecilia.bjorkelund@allmed.gu.se OBJECTIVES: To study secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors in four different cohorts of women examined in 1968-1969, 1980-1981, 1992-1993 and 2004-2005. DESIGN: Comparison of four representative cohorts of 38- and 50-year-old women over a period of 36 years. SETTING: Gothenburg, Sweden with approximately 450,000 inhabitants. SUBJECTS: Four representative samples of 38- and 50-year-old women were invited to free health examinations (participation rate 59-90%, n =1901). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), leisure time exercise, use of antihypertensive medication, smoking, levels of haemoglobin, b-glucose, s-cholesterol, s-triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean BMI from 1968-1969 versus 2004-2005. Mean leisure time exercise was significantly higher in later born cohorts; in 1968, around 15% were physically active compared with 40% in 2004. SBP and DBP, mean s-cholesterol and s-triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both 38- and 50-year-old cohorts in 2004-2005 versus 1968-1969. HDL-cholesterol (not measured until 1992-1993), showed a significantly higher mean level in 2004-2005. Reduction of risk factors was apparent in women with a high as well as low level of physical activity. Smoking declined most in women with high levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Several cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle have improved in middle-aged women from the 1960s until today. Most of the positive trends are observed in women with both low and high physical activity.
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| 14. |
- Bratel, John, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of LongoVital on recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a controlled clinical trial.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 3:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily intake of LongoVital (LV) (herbal vitamin tablets) in the prevention of RAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 78 consecutively referred patients was enrolled to a three-months pretreatment period. Fifty subjects were then randomly allocated to an LV-group (n = 25) or a placebo group (N = 25). A double blind, stratified-randomised clinical case-control study was performed during six months. Number and size of the ulcers were registered by the patients using a standardized chart. The degree of discomfort was recorded on a 100 mm horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS-scale). RESULTS: The three-months pretreatment period revealed that the most dominant symptoms were pain (78%) followed by burning sensation (18%). No significant differences between the two groups were found during this period when a comparison was made at the end of the study. After the intervention period the number of aphthous ulcers/month decreased significantly in the LV-group (p = 0.02). The number of days in pain/month were also reduced (p < 0.001). If a 50% reduction of number of aphthous ulcers and days in pain were considered as clinically relevant, no statistical significant differences were found between the groups. CONCLUSION: Thus, no strong evidence was found that justified a recommendation of LV as a general drug for treatment of RAS.
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| 15. |
- Cabrera-Moksnes, Claudia, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Can the relation between tooth loss and chronic disease be explained by socio-economic status? A 24-year follow-up from the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 20:3, s. 229-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between number of missing teeth and all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality as well as morbidity and to explore whether socio-economic factors mediate this association. An ongoing prospective cohort study of 1462 Swedish women included a dental survey in 1968/69 with follow-up until 1992/93. The dental examination included a panoramic radiographic survey and a questionnaire. Number of missing teeth at baseline was analysed in a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate time to mortality and morbidity. Number of missing teeth, independently of socio-economic status variables (the husband's occupational category, combined income, and education) was associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality respectively (relative risk (RR): 1.36; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.18-1.58) and (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.15-1.85 per 10 missing teeth), but no associations were found for cancer mortality (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.91-1.52). The relation between poor oral health and future cardiovascular disease could not be explained by measures of socio-economic status in this study.
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| 16. |
- Coli, Pierluigi, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a dentifrice in the prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 2:2, s. 133-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of an experimental dentifrice on the prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-month pretrial period was used to self-record data pertaining to the frequency, ulcer size, duration, and pain associated with ulcers. Thirty-six participants, who reported at least 3 RAS episodes or 30 days with RAS during the pretrial period, completed the study. Following a stratified randomization for age, sex and disease severity, the participants received the experimental dentifrice (T) or the placebo (C). The test period comprised 3 months of self-evaluation of number of ulcers, size and location. Pain related to RAS was estimated by the use of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Symptoms were found to decrease in both groups when the pretrial and test periods were compared, although no statistical difference was reached in the C group. A statistically significant difference between the two time periods was obtained for the T group concerning the number of days with ulcers (p < 0.025) and VAS (p < 0.010). Of more clinical importance was the observation that 50% of the patients in the T group reported a more than 50% reduction in days with ulcers compared to 17% in the C group. CONCLUSIONS: The dentifrice may be used as a treatment strategy for a subgroup of patients with RAS in view of the low adverse effects and the benefit of using a treatment modality that is a part of daily routines.
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| 17. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A 24-year follow-up of root filled teeth and periapical health amongst middle aged and elderly women in Göteborg, Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International endodontic journal. - : Wiley. - 0143-2885 .- 1365-2591. ; 38:4, s. 246-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe the endodontic status amongst middle-aged and elderly women longitudinally and cross-sectionally over 24 years. METHODOLOGY: A random sample of 1462 women 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 years old, living in Göteborg, Sweden, were sampled in 1968 for medical and dental examinations with a participation rate of 90.1%. The same women were re-examined in 1980 and 1992 together with new 38- and 50-year-old women. The dental examination consisted of questionnaires, clinical and panoramic radiological survey (OPG). The number of teeth, number of root filled teeth (RF) and number of teeth with periapical radiolucencies (PA) were registered. The RF and PA ratios were calculated. Cross-sectional data were analysed by means of anova and longitudinal data by a general linear model for repeated measures. Sample prevalences were compared and statistical inferences were made with the chi-squared test. In all analysis, the confidence interval (CI) regarded mean difference between groups (95% CI). RESULTS: The RF and PA ratio decreased over time as well as the frequency of edentulous subjects. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a minor increase in frequency of RF and PA and loss of teeth with age. Longitudinally, loss of teeth was evident in all cohorts. In addition, there was a trend of lower number of teeth with PA, and the RF ratio increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periapical disease did not increase with age, probably as a result of root canal treatment and extractions. Data showed that the prevalence of RF teeth and teeth with PA decreased for comparable age cohorts during the 24-year follow-up.
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| 18. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Endodontic variables and coronary heart disease.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 61:5, s. 257-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-sectional study was designed to explore a possible association between endodontic disease variables and coronary heart disease (CHD). Dental infections are hypothesized to be linked to atherosclerosis and could be a cause of vascular changes crucial for the development of CHD. Most studies have focused on periodontal disease. To our knowledge, no one has specifically studied endodontic variables as risk factors for the development of CHD. In 1992-93, a representative sample (n = 1056) of women in Göteborg, Sweden, aged between 38 and 84 years, took part in a combined dental and medical survey. The dependent variable was CHD, i.e. subjects with angina pectoris and/or a history of myocardial infarction (n = 106). The independent variables were number of root-filled teeth (RF), number of teeth with periapical radiolucencies (PA), tooth loss (TL), age, life situation, marital status, smoking, alcohol habits, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, hypertension and diabetes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis did not prove the endodontic variables to be predictive of CHD. Only age and tooth loss were significantly associated with CHD, with OR = 1.07 (CI = 1.03-1.12) and OR = 2.70 (CI = 1.49-4.87), respectively. The bivariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive significant association between subjects with RF = 2 and CHD, but for PA the bivariate analysis did not support an association with CHD. This cross-sectional study did not reveal a significant association between endodontically treated teeth and CHD nor between teeth with periapical disease and CHD.
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| 19. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic risk indicators for apical periodontitis.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 64:2, s. 123-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to reveal possible socio-economic risk indicators for apical periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1992-93 a representative sample of women in Göteborg, Sweden, aged 38-84 years, participated in a medical and dental survey (n=981) which included dental and medical examinations and dental radiographic examination (OP). The dependent variable was apical periodontitis (AP=0, AP>0). The independent variables were age, number of teeth, number of restored teeth, number of root-filled teeth, number of teeth with carious lesions, satisfactory masticatory function, and dental esthetics as crude measures of self-reported dental health, dental anxiety, time elapsed since last visit to a dental office, regular dental visiting habits, smoking, alcohol habits, and marital status. A subjective evaluation of economy, health and life situation (acceptable or poor) was accounted for as socio-economic variables. The oldest age group, women born 1908, and edentulous individuals were omitted, leaving 844 subjects for analysis. Statistical analysis included multivariate logistic regression, chi-squared test, and independent t-test for comparison of group characteristics (AP=0 vs AP>0). RESULTS: For socio-economic variables there was a significant association between acceptable health and apical periodontitis (OR=1.72 (CI=1.09-2.70)). For oral-related variables, root-filled teeth (OR=1.17 (CI=1.10-1.23)) and teeth with carious lesions (OR=1.48 (CI=1.19-1.85)) were predictive of apical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, socio-economic variables and dental visiting habits did not appear to have obvious implications for periapical health, whereas root-filled teeth and carious lesions were associated with apical periodontitis.
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| 20. |
- Frisk, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Technical quality of root fillings and periapical status in root filled teeth in Jönköping, Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International endodontic journal. - : Wiley. - 1365-2591 .- 0143-2885. ; 41:11, s. 958-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study changes in technical quality of root fillings and periapical status in root filled teeth in random samples of 20 to 70 year-olds between 1973 and 2003. METHODOLOGY: Data from dentate subjects aged 20-70 years from examinations conducted in 1973 (n = 498), 1983 (n = 530), 1993 (n = 547) and 2003 (n = 491) were used for the analysis. Length of root fillings were measured on radiographs to the nearest 0.1 mm. Adequate seal was defined as a root filling without lateral and/or apical voids. Periapical status was assessed according to the periapical index. All observations were made by one calibrated observer registered from full mouth radiographic examinations. Teeth with root fillings ending within the canal without lateral or apical voids were considered adequate. The association between root filling quality and periapical status was analysed by means of the Chi-squared test and a multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Adequately root filled teeth had a significantly lower frequency of apical periodontitis than inadequately root filled teeth (11.8% vs. 22.8%). The frequency of technically adequate root fillings increased statistically significant from 1973 (23.7%) to 2003 (36.4%) without a concomitant improvement of the periapical status in root filled teeth over time (24.5% vs. 24.6%). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports on an improving technical quality of root fillings over time, without a concomitant improvement of the periapical status in root filled teeth. A larger proportion of treated molars over time may be of importance for the result.
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| 21. |
- Gesi, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of periapical lesions and clinical symptoms after pulpectomy--a clinical and radiographic evaluation of 1- versus 2-session treatment.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-395X .- 1079-2104. ; 101:3, s. 379-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Outcome of pulpectomy in 2 treatment sessions with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing was compared to a procedure comprising instrumentation and root-filling in 1 session. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects with a vital pulp condition (N = 256) were recruited to a randomized clinical trial. Outcome parameters included radiographic signs of apical periodontitis and painful symptoms at clinical follow-ups 1 week and 1-3 years after treatment. RESULTS: Of 244 subjects available for final recall, 17 presented with periapical radiolucency. Lesions were evenly distributed among the 2 treatment groups. Postoperative pain recorded 1 week after permanent filling was significantly associated with overfilling (P = .001), with no difference between treatment groups. There was no association with presence of overfilling and radiographic lesion at end point of recall. CONCLUSIONS: Study confirms that pulpectomy may be carried out at a high rate of success if due attention is given to aseptic operating procedures, proper instrumentation and filling. Under these conditions an interappointment dressing with calcium hydroxide does not seem to influence outcome.
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| 22. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A 10-year follow-up of patients treated for dental fear.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of dental research. - 0029-845X. ; 98:1, s. 53-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different types of treatment have been used in trying to reduce dental anxiety in adult patients with severe fear and avoidance behavior. However, there is an obvious shortage in long-term treatment follow-up. The present investigation reports results over a period of 10 yr of 14 patients treated for dental fear in a specialized dental fear treatment and research clinic. The aims of this project were to evaluate patients' regularity in dental behavior between 1977 and 1987, changes in and present level of dental fear and other long-standing positive/negative effects of the respective initial treatments. The 14 dental phobic patients were assigned to two treatment groups, one receiving Systematic Desensitization and one Premedication with valium before dental treatment. Pre- and posttreatment status as well as the 10-yr follow-up were evaluated by psychometric (Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and a Mood Adjective Checklist) and physiological (Skin Conductance Response) measurements. A majority of patients (100% SD, 63% P) reported regular dental care during the period 1977-87. Positive side-effects were reported by seven patients. A significant reduction of dental fear (DAS) was found with a better effect for the SD-group. This was paralleled by a rise in mood (MACL). The SCR figures were non-significant. In conclusion, the results revealed long-standing effects with regard to a high degree of regular dental care and reduction of dental fear. In addition, positive side-effects were reported.
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| 23. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Burning mouth syndrome: experiences from the perspective of female patients.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111:4, s. 305-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the development of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Eighteen females (43-80 yr old), referred to the Clinic of Oral Medicine, formed the study group. Oral examination did not reveal any mucosal lesion or dental pathology, blood analyses of vitamin B12 and serum iron levels were within normal reference values, and no allergies to dental materials were reported. Reported pain/discomfort was 49.4 (mean) on a 100-mm visual analog scale and duration of symptoms was, on average, 8.1 yr (median = 1.5 yr). Taped semistructured interviews were transcribed and analysed in line with grounded theory methodology. In the analysis, a core category emerged, labeled communicating psychological discomfort. This category indicated musings about the meaning of life and interacted with a personality characterized by a strong need for conscientiousness, a life style including long-standing struggle with psychosocial overload, and external social and cultural influences. The debut of the BMS was then preceded by an acutely stressful event. A psychosocial history, in addition to a detailed dental and medical history, seems to be crucial in diagnosing patients. If a psychological disorder and somatization of anxiety and depression is suggested, as indicated in our study, the patient should be offered counseling by a psychologist.
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| 24. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Dental anxiety and pain related to dental hygienist treatment.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 66:6, s. 374-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate different groups of patients' self-reported assessments of dental anxiety and pain related to various routine dental hygienist treatment procedures, and to investigate the relationship between anxiety concerning dental and dental hygienist treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A consecutive sample of 393 patients participated in the study (59.7% F, age range 20 to 85 years, mean 47.6 years). Periodontology (PC), oral medicine (OM), student and general practice (GP) clinics were included. Each patient was asked to answer a questionnaire which included different demographic information, self-reported levels of dental anxiety, and experience of pain in relation to different dental hygienist treatments. RESULTS: Higher dental anxiety was found in relation to gender (women), dentist treatment, and PC and OM patients. Experiences of high or extreme pain were reported by between 7.1% and 9.7% of participants for all dental hygienist procedures except polishing (0.8%). There were significant correlations between dental hygienist fear levels and reported extreme pain experiences among all five treatment procedures. Patients treated at the PC clinic scored significantly higher on pain compared with patients at the other clinics, with the exception of the OM clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Patients reported higher dental anxiety levels for dentist treatment as compared with dental hygienist treatment. Moreover, dental anxiety was significantly associated with perceived pain related to different dental hygienist treatment procedures.
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| 25. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects on dental care behavior and dental health after treatments for dental fear.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Anesthesia progress. - 0003-3006 .- 1878-7177. ; 40:3, s. 72-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different treatments for dental fear were tested in a long-term perspective study. Twenty-nine patients with severe dental anxiety and avoidance behavior were assigned to Behavioral Therapy (BT, n = 12), PRemedication with bensodiazepine (PR, n = 8) or dental treatment under General Anesthesia (GA, n = 9). Ten years after initial treatment the patients were reexamined. Changes in dental anxiety and dental care attendance were reported. Patients' dental health status was assessed by radiographic survey. Regular dental attendance was reported by 19 patients (65.5%), with a significantly better result for the BT group (91.6%) compared to the GA group (33.3%). Reported level of dental anxiety, as measured by the Dental Anxiety Scale, revealed a significant reduction during the 10-yr period except among GA patients and those reporting irregular dental attendance behavior. A rise in mood as assessed by the Mood Adjective Checklist was revealed in the total group, with a better effect in the BT and PR groups as well as in patients who reported regular dental attendance. A substantial general improvement in oral health was seen during the 10-yr period, especially among patients receiving regular dental care. Thus, for a majority of patients in this study, directed treatment for dental anxiety and avoidance behavior made it possible to maintain regular dental care behavior during a 10-yr period.
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