| 1. |
- Nygårdhs, Sara
(författare)
-
Svensk sammanfattning av COST 331 : krav på längsgående vägmarkering
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The national technical specifications existing for road markings today include minimum performance levels on essential parameters (daytime and night-time visibility and skid resistance). It is desirable that the demands are based on both the driver's need of visibility and on what is possible to achieve with road marking. Road markings are in reality "traffic signals" which can be expected to have an impact on traffic safety, accessibility and comfort by guiding the driver along the road. Therefore, there has to be a scientific basis for answering the most relevant questions concerning design and use of road markings, such as: - What visibility distance does a road marking of a certain type and quality have? - What is the visual demand of the drivers, concerning road markings? The results from COST 331 give a scientific method for deciding the design of longitudinal road markings. This gives the necessary basis allowing research, industry and road traffic engineers to improve the road markings regarding the need of the drivers. The research programme, designed and approved by the COST 331 Management Committee, included the following phases: - 1. A review of the current use of road markings in Europe. - 2. An investigation of the visibility of road markings in a driving experiment. - 3. A study of the driver's need for visibility distances in a driving simulator. - 4. Registration of drivers' (test persons') behaviour in real traffic conditions by using an unobtrusive instrumented car. The results show that almost all countries have regulations and technical recommendations specifying geometry, design and colour of road markings. However, the road marking design varies between the countries. Also, in some countries the use of road markings made for improving the visibility in wetness and rain is prescribed. The difference between the regulations in different countries could be due to lack of a scientific base.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nygårdhs, Sara
(författare)
-
Tillståndsmätning av vägmarkeringar i Sverige 2003
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tillståndsmätningar av vägmarkeringars retroreflexion kan till exempelutföras för att undersöka vägmarkeringars funktion samt för att fördela medelför drift- och underhållsåtgärder av dessa. Under år 2002 gjordes enpilotstudie i Norden i syfte att testa metoden för insamling av data teknisktoch administrativt samt för att undersöka hur många mätningar som skullekrävas vid ett framtida huvudförsök. Under år 2003 genomfördes huvudförsöketi Danmark, Norge, Finland och Sverige. Detta notat behandlar i huvudsakresultaten från Sverige, där 12 objekt vardera från regionerna Norr, Mitt,Mälardalen, Stockholm, Sydöst, Väst och Skåne har kontrollerats.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ambreen, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Empirical research in requirements engineering : trends and opportunities
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer London. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 23:1, s. 63-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements engineering (RE) being a foundation of software development has gained a great recognition in the recent era of prevailing software industry. A number of journals and conferences have published a great amount of RE research in terms of various tools, techniques, methods, and frameworks, with a variety of processes applicable in different software development domains. The plethora of empirical RE research needs to be synthesized to identify trends and future research directions. To represent a state-of-the-art of requirements engineering, along with various trends and opportunities of empirical RE research, we conducted a systematic mapping study to synthesize the empirical work done in RE. We used four major databases IEEE, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and ACM and Identified 270 primary studies till the year 2012. An analysis of the data extracted from primary studies shows that the empirical research work in RE is on the increase since the year 2000. The requirements elicitation with 22 % of the total studies, requirements analysis with 19 % and RE process with 17 % are the major focus areas of empirical RE research. Non-functional requirements were found to be the most researched emerging area. The empirical work in the sub-area of requirements validation and verification is little and has a decreasing trend. The majority of the studies (50 %) used a case study research method followed by experiments (28 %), whereas the experience reports are few (6 %). A common trend in almost all RE sub-areas is about proposing new interventions. The leading intervention types are guidelines, techniques and processes. The interest in RE empirical research is on the rise as whole. However, requirements validation and verification area, despite its recognized importance, lacks empirical research at present. Furthermore, requirements evolution and privacy requirements also have little empirical research. These RE sub-areas need the attention of researchers for more empirical research. At present, the focus of empirical RE research is more about proposing new interventions. In future, there is a need to replicate existing studies as well to evaluate the RE interventions in more real contexts and scenarios. The practitioners’ involvement in RE empirical research needs to be increased so that they share their experiences of using different RE interventions and also inform us about the current requirements-related challenges and issues that they face in their work. © 2016 Springer-Verlag London
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Grading the amount of electrochemcial active sites along the main flow direction of an SOFC
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 160:1, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the finite element method, in two-dimensions, is developed to describe a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Both hydrogen and carbon monoxide are considered as electrochemical reactants within the anode. The dimensionless number of electrochemical active sites (EAS), the pore radius (indirectly proportional to the particle radius) and the active area-to-volume ratio available for methane reforming are graded, along the main flow direction, to equalize the current density distribution. Previous studies available in the open literature only considered grading in the direction normal to the main flow direction, in terms of porosity and tortuosity. It is found that grading the active area-to-volume ratio available for methane reforming increases the OCV along the main flow direction. It is concluded that an optimized graded EAS reduces the need of air flow rate with 21 %, with the same outlet temperatures as for the ungraded case.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Location Attributes and Start-ups in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 16:1, s. 103-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines start-ups in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) across Swedish regions by individuals with a formally recognized capacity to produce and develop advanced business services. The empirical analysis focuses on whether their involvement in entrepreneurship may be explained by location attributes. As much as 75 percent of the KIBS founders have prior work experience from business services, suggesting that KIBS start-ups are more frequent in regions where the KIBS sector is already large. Controlling for the stock of potential entrepreneurs and the stock of KIBS firms, it is shown that variables reflecting both supply-side conditions and market size influence KIBS start-up activity. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that KIBS entrepreneurship in a region is stimulated by the simultaneous presence of (i) knowledge resources conducive for the generation and diffusion of knowledge and ideas upon which new firms can be established and (ii) a large market.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin N, et al.
(författare)
-
Attraction modulated by spacing of pheromone components and anti-attractants in a bark beetle and a moth
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1561 .- 0098-0331. ; 37, s. 899-911
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of ‘clean air’ may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle, Ips typographus, and the moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Insects were tested both to spatially separated pheromone components [cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol for Ips; (Z,E)- 9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate for Spodoptera], and to separated pheromone and anti-attractant sources [non-host volatile (NHV) blend for Ips; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate for Spodoptera]. Trap catch data were complemented with simulations of plume structure and plume overlap from two separated sources using a photo ionization detector and soap bubble generators. Trap catches of the beetle and the moth were both affected when odor sources in the respective traps were increasingly separated. However, this effect on trap catch occurred at smaller (roughly by an order of magnitude) odor source separation distances for the moth than for the beetle. This may reflect differences between the respective olfactory systems and central processing. For both species, the changes in trap catches in response to separation of pheromone components occurred at similar spacing distances as for separation of pheromone and anti-attractant sources. Overlap between two simulated plumes depended on distance between the two sources. In addition, the number of detected filaments and their concentration decreased with downwind distance. This implies that the response to separated odor sources in the two species might take place under different olfactory conditions. Deploying multiple sources of anti-attractant around a pheromone trap indicated long-distance (meter scale) effects of NHVon the beetle and a potential use for NHV in forest protection.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin N, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of olfactory sensory neurons in the white clover seed weevil, Apion fulvipes (Coleoptera: Apionidae).
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Insect Physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1611 .- 0022-1910. ; 58:10, s. 1325-1333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seed-eating Apion weevils (Coleoptera: Apionidae) cause large economic losses in white and red clover seed production across Europe. Monitoring and control of clover weevils would be facilitated by semiochemical-based methods. Until now, however, nothing was known about physiological or behavioral responses to semiochemicals in this insect group. Here we analyzed the antenna of the white clover (Trifolium repens L.) specialist Apion fulvipes Geoffroy with scanning electron microscopy, and used single sensillum recordings with a set of 28 host compounds to characterize 18 classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Nine of the OSN classes responded strongly to synthetic compounds with high abundance in clover leaves, flowers, or buds. Eight classes responded only weakly to the synthetic stimuli, whereas one collective class responded exclusively to volatiles released from a crushed clover leaf. The OSNs showed a remarkable degree of specificity, responding to only one or a few chemically related compounds. In addition, we recorded a marked difference in the temporal dynamics of responses between different neurons, compounds, and doses. The identified physiologically active compounds will be screened for behavioral activity, with the ultimate goal to develop an odor-based control strategy for this pest.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
