| 1. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The User Experience Design Program : Applying Situated and Embodied Cognition Together With Reflective Teaching
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 4, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The education of students to become competent user experience designers is a delicate matter as students need to obtain a multitude of knowledge, skills, and judgmental abilities. In this paper, our effort to manage this multiplicity in a bachelor’s program in user experience design is shared along with our experiences and teaching practices influenced by theories of situated and embodied cognition together with reflective teaching. The program was followed up through interviews with eight alumni and a company representative that employs user experience designers. The results show that the program overall works well, although some of the identified issues need to be addressed in the future. The interpretation is that our program curricula and teaching practices are fruitful, which hopefully can contribute to thoughts and discussions for other teachers in the field of user experience design and human-computer interaction.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Agnes, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Feedback in Interaction With Conversational Agents—A Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent agents interacting with humans through conversation (such as a robot, embodied conversational agent, or chatbot) need to receive feedback from the human to make sure that its communicative acts have the intended consequences. At the same time, the human interacting with the agent will also seek feedback, in order to ensure that her communicative acts have the intended consequences. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current research on how intelligent agents should be able to both give meaningful feedback toward humans, as well as understanding feedback given by the users. The review covers feedback across different modalities (e.g., speech, head gestures, gaze, and facial expression), different forms of feedback (e.g., backchannels, clarification requests), and models for allowing the agent to assess the user's level of understanding and adapt its behavior accordingly. Finally, we analyse some shortcomings of current approaches to modeling feedback, and identify important directions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Agnes, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal User Feedback During Adaptive Robot-Human Presentations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feedback is an essential part of all communication, and agents communicating with humans must be able to both give and receive feedback in order to ensure mutual understanding. In this paper, we analyse multimodal feedback given by humans towards a robot that is presenting a piece of art in a shared environment, similar to a museum setting. The data analysed contains both video and audio recordings of 28 participants, and the data has been richly annotated both in terms of multimodal cues (speech, gaze, head gestures, facial expressions, and body pose), as well as the polarity of any feedback (negative, positive, or neutral). We train statistical and machine learning models on the dataset, and find that random forest models and multinomial regression models perform well on predicting the polarity of the participants' reactions. An analysis of the different modalities shows that most information is found in the participants' speech and head gestures, while much less information is found in their facial expressions, body pose and gaze. An analysis of the timing of the feedback shows that most feedback is given when the robot makes pauses (and thereby invites feedback), but that the more exact timing of the feedback does not affect its meaning.
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| 4. |
- Backåberg, Sofia, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Skeleton Avatar Technique for Assessment of Mobility and Balance Among Older Adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers of Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2095-2228 .- 2095-2236 .- 2624-9898. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mobility and balance is essential for older adults’ well-being an independence and the ability tomaintain physically active. Early identification of functionalimpairmentmay enable early risk-of-fall assessments and preventivemeasures. There is a need to find new solutions to assess functional ability in easy, efficient, and accurateways, which can be clinically used frequently and repetitively. Therefore, we need to understand how functional tests and expert assessments (EAs) correlate with new techniques.Objective: To explore whether the skeleton avatar technique (SAT) can predict the results of functional tests (FTs) of mobility and balance: Timed Up and Go (TUG), the 30-s chair stand test (30sCST), the 4-stage balance test (4SBT), and EA scoring of movement quality.Methods: Fifty-four older adults (+65 years) were recruited through pensioners’ associations. The test procedure contained three standardized FTs: TUG, 30sCST, and 4SBT. The test performances were recorded using a three-dimensional SAT camera. EA scoring was performed based on the video recordings of the 30sCST. Functional ability scores were aggregated from balance and mobility scores. Probability theory-based statistical analyses were used on the data to aggregate sets of individual variables into scores, with correlation analysis used to assess the dependency between variables and between scores. Machine learning techniques were used to assess the appropriateness of easily observable variables/scores as predictors of the other variables included.Results: The results indicate that SAT data of the fourth 4SBT stage could be used to predict the aggregated results of all stages of 4SBT (with 7.82% mean absolute error), the results of the 30sCST (11.0%), the TUG test (8.03%), and the EA of the sit-to-stand movement (8.79%). There is a moderate (significant) correlation between the 30sCST and the 4SBT (0.31, p = 0.03), but not between the EA and the 30sCST.Conclusion: SAT can predict the results of the 4SBT, the 30sCST (moderate accuracy), and the TUG test and might add important qualitative information to the assessment of movement performance in active older adults. SAT might in the future provide the means for a simple, easy, and accessible assessment of functional ability among older adults.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching for Values in Human–Computer Interaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing awareness of the importance of considering values in the design of technology. There are several research approaches focused on this, such as e.g., value-sensitive design, value-centred human–computer interaction (HCI), and value-led participatory design, just to mention a few. However, less attention has been given to developing educational materials for the role that values play in HCI, why hands-on teaching activities are insufficient, and especially teaching activities that cover the full design process. In this article, we claim that teaching for ethics and values in HCI is not only important in some parts of the design and development process, but equally important all through. We will demonstrate this by a unique collection of 28 challenges identified throughout the design process, accompanied by inspirational suggestions for teaching activities to tackle these challenges. The article is based on results from applying a modified pedagogical design pattern approach in the iterative development of an open educational resource containing teaching and assessment activities and pedagogical framework, and from pilot testing. Preliminary results from pilots of parts of the teaching activities indicate that student participants experience achieving knowledge about how to understand and act ethically on human values in design, and teachers experience an increased capacity to teach for values in design in relevant and innovative ways. Hopefully, this overview of challenges and inspirational teaching activities focused on values in the design of technology can be one way to provide teachers with inspiration to sensitize their students and make them better prepared to become responsible designers by learning how to address and work with values in HCI.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gamboa, Mafalda, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Designerly Ways of Knowing in HCI Education: A Case Study of a Peer Community-Based Studio
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design methods and approaches are common within Human-Computer Interaction. And while design is recognized as a discipline with its own epistemology and pedagogy outside of HCI, there is a lot of work to be done in incorporating, facilitating, and developing designerly knowledge in HCI education. The abrupt shift toward distance education caused by COVID-19 surfaced the necessity for course design to purposely support online informal learning environments and facilitating tacit knowledge as previously prevalent in the design studio environment. Firstly, we present theory on design epistemology, related to "designerly ways of knowing" and the role of the studio in the learning process. Secondly, a case study presents the set up of a digital studio for a course in Designing User Experiences, with an emphasis on supporting a community-based studio. The empirical material includes an overview of the course set up and a thorough qualitative analysis of the feedback provided by a cohort of 48 students with diverse backgrounds. The course was conducted online and heavily based on the use of software such as Zoom and Miro. We conclude by offering a set of themes in three categories to be considered when designing community-based "designerly" courses within HCI. As future work, we suggest the Community-Based Designerly Scale to be used, adapted, and developed by teachers and students as a tool in their educational practice.
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| 9. |
- Goswami, Prashant, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive landscape–scale cloud animation using DCGAN
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an interactive method for 3D cloud animation at the landscape scale by employing machine learning. To this end, we utilize deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) on GPU for training on home-captured cloud videos and producing coherent animation frames. We limit the size of input images provided to DCGAN, thereby reducing the training time and yet producing detailed 3D animation frames. This is made possible through our preprocessing of the source videos, wherein several corrections are applied to the extracted frames to provide an adequate input training data set to DCGAN. A significant advantage of the presented cloud animation is that it does not require any underlying physics simulation. We present detailed results of our approach and verify its effectiveness using human perceptual evaluation. Our results indicate that the proposed method is capable of convincingly realistic 3D cloud animation, as perceived by the participants, without introducing too much computational overhead.
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| 10. |
- Harr, Rikard, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Congratulations! you are severely underweight : exploring negative consequences of persuasive system design
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal health and wellbeing have grown as an object of study within HCI research and many individuals undergoing weight loss journeys use persuasive systems, such as weight loss apps, to guide them. These systems rely on various principles to persuade users toward their health goal and have in much research been considered having positive effects. There are however also parallel findings indicating unwanted effects. To explore the effects of persuasive system design, we conduct a longitudinal exploratory expert evaluation of 10 free weight loss tracking apps by emulating drastic weight loss for an extended period of time. The objective of the exploration is to unravel potential negative effects of using such systems. Our findings highlight risks of negative effects as some apps take a passive stance toward drastic weight loss, while others actively encourage it through design. We contribute to a growing strand of health related HCI research by mapping out the relation between design and negative consequences of persuasive system use.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jonell, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal Capture of Patient Behaviour for Improved Detection of Early Dementia : Clinical Feasibility and Preliminary Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-invasive automatic screening for Alzheimer's disease has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy while lowering healthcare costs. Previous research has shown that patterns in speech, language, gaze, and drawing can help detect early signs of cognitive decline. In this paper, we describe a highly multimodal system for unobtrusively capturing data during real clinical interviews conducted as part of cognitive assessments for Alzheimer's disease. The system uses nine different sensor devices (smartphones, a tablet, an eye tracker, a microphone array, and a wristband) to record interaction data during a specialist's first clinical interview with a patient, and is currently in use at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Furthermore, complementary information in the form of brain imaging, psychological tests, speech therapist assessment, and clinical meta-data is also available for each patient. We detail our data-collection and analysis procedure and present preliminary findings that relate measures extracted from the multimodal recordings to clinical assessments and established biomarkers, based on data from 25 patients gathered thus far. Our findings demonstrate feasibility for our proposed methodology and indicate that the collected data can be used to improve clinical assessments of early dementia.
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| 13. |
- Kour, Ravdeep, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Cybersecurity for Industry 5.0: Trends and Gaps
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - 2624-9898.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 5.0 promises to revolutionise the industry by focusing on human-centric, sustainability, and resilience empowered by emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digitalisation. This paradigm shift is expected to bring significant advancements in sustainability, resilience, productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, customisation, reliability, safety, security, maintainability etc. However, this shift of the industrial paradigm introduces substantial cybersecurity challenges due to the increased attack surface and data sensitivity. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conduct a thorough literature review of the recent research on cybersecurity in Industry 5.0, highlighting emerging trends, gaps, and potential solutions.To conduct this research, the authors have applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to investigate cybersecurity solutions in Industry 5.0. The findings reveal that conceptual research dominates, with AI, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) most prevalent but highlights a gap in linking cybersecurity to resilience and sustainability.Furthermore, the paper aims to present trends in cybersecurity research with more relevant results from 2022 to 2024. It conducts a thorough review of the literature, highlighting the evolving landscape of cybersecurity applications in Industry 5.0.
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| 14. |
- Latifaj, Malvina, et al.
(författare)
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Higher-order transformations for the generation of synchronization infrastructures in blended modeling
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Blended modeling aims at boosting the development of complex multi-domain systems by enabling seamless multi-notation modeling. The synchronization mechanisms between notations are embodied in model transformations. Manually defining model transformations requires specific knowledge of transformation languages, and it is a time-consuming and error-prone task. Moreover, whenever any of the synchronized languages or notations evolves, those transformations become obsolete. Methods: In this paper, we propose an automated solution for generating synchronization transformations in an industrial setting.Results: The approach entails i) the specification of mapping rules between two arbitrary domain-specific modeling languages leveraging a mapping modeling language, appositely defined for this purpose, and ii) the automatic generation of synchronization model transformations driven by the mapping rules.Discussion: We validated the proposed approach in two use cases. Although our main goal was to provide a solution for synchronization between graphical and textual notations of UML-RT state machines, the proposed approach is language- and notation-agnostic.
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| 15. |
- Lindetorp, Hans, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative music-making : special educational needs school assistants as facilitators in performances with accessible digital musical instruments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of research dedicated to Accessible Digital Musical Instruments (ADMIs) is growing and there is an increased interest in promoting diversity and inclusion in music-making. We have designed a novel system built into previously tested ADMIs that aims at involving assistants, students with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities (PMLD), and a professional musician in playing music together. In this study the system is evaluated in a workshop setting using quantitative as well as qualitative methods. One of the main findings was that the sounds from the ADMIs added to the musical context without making errors that impacted the music negatively even when the assistants mentioned experiencing a split between attending to different tasks, and a feeling of insecurity toward their musical contribution. We discuss the results in terms of how we perceive them as drivers or barriers toward reaching our overarching goal of organizing a joint concert that brings together students from the SEN school with students from a music school with a specific focus on traditional orchestral instruments. Our study highlights how a system of networked and synchronized ADMIs could be conceptualized to include assistants more actively in collaborative music-making, as well as design considerations that support them as facilitators.
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| 16. |
- Rasmuson, Sverker, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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PERF: Performant, Explicit Radiance Fields
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9898. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel way of approaching image-based 3D reconstruction based on radiance fields. The problem of volumetric reconstruction is formulated as a non-linear least-squares problem and solved explicitly without the use of neural networks. This enables the use of solvers with a higher rate of convergence than what is typically used for neural networks, and fewer iterations are required until convergence. The volume is represented using a grid of voxels, with the scene surrounded by a hierarchy of environment maps. This makes it possible to get clean reconstructions of 360° scenes where the foreground and background is separated. A number of synthetic and real scenes from well-known benchmark-suites are successfully reconstructed with quality on par with state-of-the-art methods, but at significantly reduced reconstruction times.
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| 17. |
- Tylstedt, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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Reimagining the cycle : interaction in self-tracking period apps and menstrual empowerment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FemTech, technology often in the forms of apps developed to specifically target female health issues, have billions of users globally. Yet, despite the popularity of e.g., period trackers or pregnancy apps, we know little about the potential impact of these technologies, often developed outside controlled and regulated healthcare. How interactive technology is designed, and in our case the cycle represented through the design, has the potential to shape women's understanding of menstruation. In this study we analyse the interaction design of nine of the most downloaded menstruation apps, asking how commercial menstruation apps represent the cycle through their interaction design. While previous research has criticized these types of apps for lacking privacy and for enforcing normative ideals on women, they are often marketed in terms of female empowerment and users do indeed seem to find them very useful for period and fertility tracking. However, the term 'empowerment' is today used broadly and is known for having many potential meanings. Even within the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), 'empowerment' is used frequently but rarely explicitly defined. The question then becomes what empowerment could mean for menstruation tracking. In order to begin exploring the way menstruation and the period is represented in current apps and the way that future apps could design for empowerment, we engage in a comparative design investigation using what we call critical app-walkthrough methodology where an app's design is explored comprehensibly at one point in time and apps interacted with over a longer time period through researcher use-diares. Our results center around three ways in which these apps represent the cycle to users through design. We analyse; (1) interface metaphors used to represent the temporality of bleeding, (2) datafication of menstruation through input and output for intimate data tracking, and (3) the ways fertility predictions convey certainty over uncertainty. In a second step, we then explore what empowerment could mean for period trackers and how design could support empowering experiences. Finally, we present four design sensitivities meant to inspire designers to design for other types of period tracking experiences that might better empower bleeders. These are: support lived temporalities, embrace uncertainty, empower the self, and design less.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Zhong, Mengyu, et al.
(författare)
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A case study in designing trustworthy interactions : implications for socially assistive robotics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Computer Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9898. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is a case study in applying recent, high-level ethical guidelines, specifically concerning transparency and anthropomorphisation, to Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) design practice for a real-world Socially Assistive Robot (SAR) application. We utilize an online study to investigate how the perception and efficacy of SARs might be influenced by this design practice, examining how robot utterances and display manipulations influence perceptions of the robot and the medical recommendations it gives. Our results suggest that applying transparency policies can improve the SAR's effectiveness without harming its perceived anthropomorphism. However, our objective measures suggest participant understanding of the robot's decision-making process remained low across conditions. Furthermore, verbal anthropomorphisation does not seem to affect the perception or efficacy of the robot.
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| 20. |
- Flanagan, Erin, et al.
(författare)
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Air Pollution and Urban Green Space : Evidence of Environmental Injustice in Adama, Ethiopia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9634. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While air pollution data in Ethiopia is limited, existing studies indicate high levels of both ambient and household air pollution; rapid urbanization also threatens the preservation of urban green spaces. In this study, environmental injustice, or the disproportionate burden of environmental exposures on persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES), was explored among women in Ethiopia using a mother and child cohort from the city of Adama. Land-use regression models were previously developed for modeling ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) throughout Adama, while household air pollution (cooking fuel type) and the presence of green space were assessed through questionnaires and home visits, respectively. The odds of being exposed to these environmental factors were analyzed in association with two SES indicators, education and occupation, using logistic regression. Our results indicate the presence of environmental injustice in Adama, as women with lower SES shouldered a higher burden of air pollution exposure and enjoyed less urban green space than their higher SES counterparts. These findings encourage the prioritization of air quality control and urban planning resources toward policy action within lower SES areas. From a societal perspective, our results also support more upstream interventions, including investment in educational and occupational opportunities. Still, a human rights approach is emphasized, as governments are responsible for protecting the right to a clean environment, especially for those disproportionately exposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on environmental injustice in Ethiopia, and the first in Sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the inequalities of ambient and household air pollution exposure as well as urban green space access in the same cohort.
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