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- Boje, Lis, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of internet in knowledge-building among private forest owners in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Broadleaved forests in southern Sweden. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9781405188869 ; , s. 225-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The major part of the temperate broadleaved forests in Sweden is owned by non-industrial private forest owners. The daily decisions on management of these forests therefore rely on a diverse owner population with various experience, age, education and attitudes. This study investigated how the forest owners obtain their information needed for their decisions. The use of internet as an information channel was specifically focused. Analyses were made of a postal questionnaire with responses from 327 private forest owners in southern Sweden. The respondents were sorted into groups of different age, education, gender, property size and residency (living on or off the property). For all groups, personal advisory was the most important channel for knowledge-building, followed by forest magazines and newsletters from forest organizations. Meetings and courses were also considered important, while internet had a lower rank. Still, 29% of all respondents considered internet as an important channel for knowledge-building in silviculture. Three-quarters of the respondents had internet access in their homes, and 40% used internet daily. Internet was used for forestry purposes at least monthly by 30% of the respondents. Age and education had a significant influence on the scored importance of internet as a communication channel for forest information, with younger forest owners (≤50 yr) and owners with a university degree being the most devoted internet users. Owners >65 yr and owners with only primary school education were much less inclined to rely on internet for their information needs.
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| 6. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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How old are the largest Southern Swedish oaks: a dendrochronological analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Broadleaved Forests in Southern Sweden: Management for Multiple Goals. - 9781405188869 ; 53:53, s. 155-163
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the southern Scandinavian landscape, large oaks Quercus robur provide habitat for a wide range of species, including a large number species on the national Red list and the EU habitat directive. Since most of these trees are hollow and have likely been growing in conditions different from the ones of an “average” oak in today’s more forested landscape, direct inference of their age from diameter may be biased. To provide support for the management of these trees, we estimate their age by combining inventory data on diameter distribution of the largest oaks (n = 236) in the Swedish province of Scania and ring width distribution for large (> 1 m in stem diameter) oaks collected in seven oak-dominated stands (both woodland-type and denser closed-canopy forests) in southern Sweden (ntrees = 69, nrings = 12399). The mode of ring-width distribution was 1.26 mm /year. The central 90% of ring width distribution was within 0.54 and 3.38 mm, demonstrating the high growth plasticity of the species. Both ring width distribution in large oaks, divided into 16 width classes, and cumulative 20-yr diameter increments (19 classes) were well approximated by the log-normal function. The largest oaks in Scania are unlikely to exceed 1000 yr, the most probable age estimates of the majority of the inventoried oaks were centered around 500-700 yr. The age distribution of 18 large (69.4 - 178 cm dbh) non-hollow oaks suggesting the maximum age being around 400-600 yr. Conservation-oriented management of oak populations should address the need for preservation of such old trees
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- Hörnfeldt, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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False heartwood in beech Fagus sylvatica, birch Betula pendula, B. papyrifera and ash Fraxinus excelsior - an overview
- 2010
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Ingår i: Broadleaved forests in southern Sweden : management for multiple goals. - 9781405188869 ; :53, s. 61-75
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview compares false heartwood in beech, birch and ash with normal heartwood, discusses its induction, the impact it has on wood quality and utilization, and considers whether it is possible to avoid the formation of false heartwood by appropriate silvicultural practices. Normal heartwood forms in trees under the control of endogenous, hereditary factors. In contrast, the formation of false heartwood is induced by diverse exogenous factors, including various kinds of injuries or stresses that damage the tree, triggering a succession of processes. The extent of both normal and false heartwood increase as the tree ages. A common cause of stress is drought; others include breakage of branches which create openings in trees or stem injuries, thereby exposing injured cells to atmospheric conditions. In all cases similar reactions to those that occur when normal heartwood is formed are triggered, e.g. cells of the inner parts of the stem are emptied of their living contents and energy reserves, vessels and tracheids are plugged and conductive capacity is diminished. Initial chemical changes occur at this time, which may result in discoloration of the wood. Microorganisms such as bacteria and non-decay fungi may subsequently invade, causing further alterations. The induced colorations can be explained by oxidation reactions of the phenolic substances catalyzed by various enzymes produced by the microbes present in the affected area. In that stage, only the aesthetical qualities of wood are affected, which are mainly considered as defects when grading wood, resulting in considerable price reductions, partly due to difficulties in visually distinguishing altered wood from rotten wood. Shorter rotations reduce the incidence of false heartwood. Hence, appropriate silvicultural measures should be applied to ensure that trees reach valuable dimensions at an early age in order to minimize the formation of false heartwood in commercially grown stands
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