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- Andersson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Partial depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra impairs motor performance without altering striatal dopamine neurotransmission
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 0953-816X .- 1460-9568. ; 24:2, s. 617-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous data indicate that the release of somatodendritic dopamine in substantia nigra influences motor activity and coordination, but the relative importance of somatodendritic dopamine release vs. terminal striatal dopamine release remains to be determined. We utilized simultaneous measurement of dopamine neurotransmission by microdialysis and motor performance assessment by rotarod test to investigate the effects of local dopamine depletion in rats. The vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitor tetrabenazine (100 µm) was administered locally in substantia nigra as well as in striatum. Nigral tetrabenazine administration decreased nigral dopamine dialysate concentrations to 7% of baseline and whole-tissue dopamine content by 60%. Nigral dopamine depletion was associated with a reduction in motor performance to 73 ± 6% of pretreatment value, but did not alter dialysate dopamine concentrations in the ipsilateral striatum. Striatal tetrabenazine administration decreased striatal dopamine dialysate concentrations to 5% of baseline and doubled the somatodendritic dopamine response to motor activity, but it was not associated with changes in motor performance or dopamine content in striatal tissue. Simultaneous treatment of substantia nigra and striatum reduced motor performance to 58 ± 5% of the pretreatment value. The results of this study indicate that partial depletion of nigral dopamine stores can significantly impair motor functions, and that increased nigral dopamine release can counteract minor impairments of striatal dopamine transmission.
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- Li, L, et al.
(författare)
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Damage coupled thermo-mechanical model for rock failure process and applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: CHINESE JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS. - 0459-1879. ; 38:4, s. 505-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the heterogeneous characteristics of rock at mesoscopic level, the thermo-mechanical (TM) coupled behavior during the failure process of rock subjected to thermal stress is analyzed with elastic damage mechanics and thermo-elastic theory. A mesoscopic TM coupling model, implemented in rock fracture process analysis (RFPA), is proposed, which can be used to study the damage and failure process, as well as elastic stress for the coupled TM rock problem. With the numerical model, the damage and associated mechanical properties evolution of mesoscopic structure in rocks subjected to TM loading can be analyzed. Numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the stability of the rock pillar in a hard rock laboratory. The numerically obtained stress field, failure pattern of pillar rock and associated acoustic emission (AE) events all agree well with the in-situ data, which shows that the proposed model is reasonable and effective, and may provide guides for the experiment design and associated applications
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- Tornberg, Eva
(författare)
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The Adsorption Behavior of Proteins at an Interface as related to their Emulsifying Properties
- 1979
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Ingår i: Functionality and Protein Structure. - WASHINGTON, D. C. : AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. - 9780841204782 - 9780841206151 ; 92, s. 105-123
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emulsifying properties of proteins have been a subject concern for those dealing with functional properties of proteins. The studies so far have been restricted to two main approaches: emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability measurements. The former measures the maximum oil addition until inversion or phase separation of the emulsion occurs, whereas the latter measures the ability of the emulsion to remain unchanged. variety of empirical methods has been used, which makes it difficult to compare the results obtained by different authors. Not only methods of measurement vary, but also the way the emulsions are prepared, which strongly influences the properties of emulsions formed (1). As protein stabilized emulsions are usually very stable and the adsorption of proteins at interfaces can be considered as mainly irreversible, the emulsifying properties of the proteins during the emulsification process become increasingly important in determining the properties of the emulsion formed.
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- Wettergren, Åsa, 1969
(författare)
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Emotionalising hope in times of climate change
- 2024
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Ingår i: EMOTIONS AND SOCIETY. - 2631-6897 .- 2631-6900.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to theorise hope from a sociology of emotion perspective and propose a general framework for the analysis of discrete emotions - the emotive-cognitive chain of evaluation - that can be applied by analysing different types of hope. Hope is defined as the emotion of future possibility, distinct from self-confidence, faith and trust. Hope as a foreground emotion, subject to emotive-cognitive evaluation, arises in a bad present (target) as an outcome of past failed hopes. The object of hope is future improvement. Given limited agency in fundamentally uncertain circumstances, an external source of hope is located. Background import informs the assessment of the present as bad, what improvement to hope for (object) and the identification of sources. I argue that fear is a companion emotion of hope, and that a reasonable balance between hope and fear can make hope more in tune with real circumstances. Elaborating on the action continuum of hope, I propose that hope is never truly passive and that action itself generates hope. As a collective emotion, hope becomes collectively evaluated and mutually supported in a responsive social context. Responsive hope may, however, also be delusional. Different hope constructs are illustrated, drawing on findings in a project on the postapocalyptic environmental movement. Theorising hope in the context of the climate crisis highlights the specific quality of hope as an emotion of future possibility and the significance of hope for present action and future object outcomes, its potential for social change and how we collectively create the future.
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