| 1. |
- Andersson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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The effect of Swedish and American smokeless tobacco extract on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro
- 2006
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 30:3, s. 89-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Use of moist snuff is widespread in Sweden. In 2004 approximately 8oo,ooo Swedes were daily users which corresponds to 22% of the male population and 3% of the female population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Swedish moist snuff extract on PDLfibroblast growth and hard tissue production and compare with moist snuff extract from USA. Periodontal ligament cells (PDL-cells) were obtained from 3 healthy subjects (1 female 14 years, 2 males 14 and 17 years) from the root surface of premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were isolated from explants and grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FBS) and cultivated in 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in air. Snuff extract in concentrations 0.3%, 1% and 3% (in DMEM with 1% FBS) was tested. Cells from each individual were tested three times, each time in triplicate. Photographs were taken at o and 24 hours with a digital camera and analysed in terms of growth and morphology. Then the cell suspension was frozen and later thawed for examination of the production of alkaline phosphatase after exposure to different snuff concentrations. This in vitro study has shown that PDL cells from 3 different subjects demonstrated a reduced number of cells at exposure to 3% of both Swedish and American snuff extract.The production of alkaline phosphatase after 2 hours was similarly reduced from cells exposed to 3% snuff extract. Further studies have to be made to understand the effect of smokeless tobacco on periodontal tissues. However, from this study can be concluded that smokeless tobacco has biological effects in terms of reduced PDL cell growth and production of alkaline phosphatase
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Salivary IgA response to probiotic bacteria and mutans streptococci after the use of chewing gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri
- 2013
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In: Pathogens and Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2049-632X. ; 68:3, s. 82-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated whether ingestion of probiotic bacteria could influence salivary IgA levels, specific anti-mutans streptococci IgA levels and specific antibodies towards the ingested probiotic bacterium. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, where the test group (n = 11) received twice daily chewing of gum containing Lactobacillus reuteri (2 9 108 CFU per dose) and the control group (n = 12) received placebo. Resting saliva was collected before and after 12 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after end of treatment. Total salivary IgA concentrations were measured by ELISA. Specific IgA reactivity was determined using a whole-cell ELISA. Results were expressed as % IgA per protein in saliva. The level of total IgA% per protein increased significantly between pretreatment levels (13.5%) and follow-up treatment levels (14.4%) within the test group only (P < 0.05). No changes were seen in the control group during the trial. The level of probiotic-reactive antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (from 12.2% to 9.0%, P < 0.05) in the test group. Similarly, the level of specific mutans streptococci antibodies decreased significantly between pre- and post-treatment samples (P < 0.05) in the test group only (for Streptococcus mutans from 20.1% to 15.0%; for Streptococcus sobrinus from 7.4% to 5.3%). Ingestion of probiotic bacteria might influence the adaptive immune response of the host.
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| 3. |
- Jansson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Clinical consequences of IL-1 genotype on early implant failures in patients under periodontal maintenance
- 2005
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In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : BC Decker Inc. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 7:1, s. 51-59
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Implant failure and biologic complications such as periimplantitis are not completely avoidable. Are there any genetic and microbiologic parameters that could be used to identify patients at risk for implant failure, preferably prior to treatment? This would result in improvement of the diagnostics, treatment decision, and risk assessment. PURPOSE: The aims of this retrospective study were to describe (1) the absolute failure rate of Branemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) consecutively installed over a 10-year period in partially edentulous patients treated for periodontal disease prior to implant treatment and under regular professional maintenance, (2) the rate of interleukin-1 (IL-1) polymorphism in those patients who experienced at least one implant failure during the first year of function, and (3) the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in dental and periimplant sites with and without signs of inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 766 patients, 81 encountered at least one implant failure; 22 patients were clinically examined and were tested genetically for IL-1 genotypes. The presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella ni-grescens was analyzed. RESULTS: The absolute implant survival rate for the whole population was 95.32%; 10.57% of the patients encountered an implant loss. Implant loss in the examined group (n = 22) was 32 of 106 (30.1%); 10 (45%) of the 22 patients were smokers, and 6 (27%) of the 22 patients were IL-1 genotype positive. Patients positive for IL-1 genotype were not more prone to implant loss; however, a significant synergistic effect with smoking was demon-strated. Between patients who were IL-1 genotype positive and those who were IL-1 genotype negative, the differences in regard to bleeding on probing or periodontal pathogens did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The overall implant failure rate in a population treated and maintained for periodontal disease is similar to that of healthy subjects. A synergistic effect found between smoking and a positive IL-1 genotype resulted in a significantly higher implant loss. This indicates that further research with a larger patient group should focus on multifactorial analysis for adequate risk assessment.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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The Microbial Outcome Observed with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Subjects with Recurrent Periodontal Disease following local treatment with 25% metronidazole gel
- 2004
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 28:2, s. 67-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial outcome in patients with recurrent periodontal disease following treatment with 25% metronidazole gel using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty subjects in a maintenance care program but with recurrent periodontal disease participated. Three months after scaling and root planing a total of 40 sites, 2 in each patient, with pocket probing depth of > or = 5 mm were selected. One site randomly selected was treated with 25% metronidazole gel (test) and the other site with a placebo gel (control). A bacterial sample was collected on paperpoint from each test and control site at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment. The following pathogens were analysed and detected with PCR:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) and Prevotella nigrescens (P.n.). At baseline, A.a., P.g. and P.n. were detected in 30, 60 and 70% of all test sites and in 32, 58 and 21% of all control sites. There was a statistically significant difference between the test and control sites for P.n. at baseline. The major difference after treatment with 25% metronidazole gel was the increase of positive control sites for P.g. and P.n. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence rate of A.a., P.g. and P.n. at test and control sites after treatment. This study has shown that 25% metronidazole gel treatment did not seem to influence the microbial outcome, when PCR was used to analyse the presence/absence of A.a., P.g. and P.n. in this group of subjects with recurrent periodontal disease.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, D, et al.
(author)
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Functional significance of female sex hormone receptors in the periodontium (Dublin)
- 2006
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influence structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting the properties of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells). Methods: PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Estrogen (ER) expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined using mitotracker. Expression of mitochondrial proteins was done using Western blotting. DNA and collagen synthesis was measured using incorporation of radioactive isotopes. Cytokine expression was investigated using ELISA. Results: ERβ but not ERα immunoreactivity was observed in the PDL cells. Preliminary results show that ERβ is distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria. To study the effect of mitochondrial ERβ we will investigate synthesis of mitochondrial proteins. Estrogen increased DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but had no effect on PDL cell DNA or collagen synthesis. Conclusion: Human PDL cells express ERβ suggesting that estrogen affects PDL cellular function via this ER subtype. Estrogen has no effect on DNA and collagen synthesis, showing that estrogen has no beneficial effect on the periodontium via this mechanism. Instead estrogen via ERβ acts on the periodontium via another still unknown mechanism, perhaps via mitochondrial function or regulatory effect on cytokines.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, D, et al.
(author)
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Functional significance of female sex hormone receptors in the periodontium (Madrid)
- 2006
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden. Introduction: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influence structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting the properties of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells). Materials and methods: PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined using mitotracker, immunogoldlabeling and electronmicroscopy. DNA and collagen synthesis was measured using incorporation of radioactive isotopes. Results: ERβ but not ERα or PR immunoreactivity was observed in the PDL cells. Preliminary results show that ERβ is distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria and cytosol. Estrogen increased DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but had no effect on PDL cell DNA or collagen synthesis. Conclusions: Human PDL cells express ERβ suggesting that estrogen affects PDL cellular function via this ER subtype. Estrogen has no effect on DNA and collagen synthesis, showing that estrogen has no beneficial effect on the periodontium via this mechanism. Instead estrogen via ERβ acts on the periodontium via another still unknown mechanism.
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Demonstration of mitochondrial oestrogen receptor beta and oestrogen-induced attenuation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2007
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In: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 52:7, s. 669-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) protein, but cellular functions regulated by ERbeta in these cells have not been identified. In this study we determine if ERbeta is localised to mitochondria and if oestrogen regulates mitochondrial function in human PDL cells obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. DESIGN: Subcellular distribution of ERbeta was determined by confocal microscopy of cells co-stained with ERbeta antibody and the mitochondrion-selective probe MitoTracker and by immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was determined by Western blotting in cells treated with or without physiological concentrations of the endogenous oestrogen 17beta-oestradiol. RESULTS: ERbeta immunoreactivity was observed both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. MitoTracker-labelling was observed in the cytoplasm, especially in the perinuclear region, but not in the nuclei. Co-localisation of ERbeta and MitoTracker was observed in cells derived from both male and female subjects. Mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Cells treated with or without 17beta-oestradiol (100 nM) displayed an identical pattern of staining for mitochondria. Treatment with 100 nM 17beta-oestradiol attenuated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, while combined treatment with 17beta-oestradiol and the ER blocker ICI 182780 (10 microM) had no effect. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta and oestrogen-induced decrease in the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in human PDL cells, suggesting that oestrogen probably via ERbeta influences mitochondrial function and PDL cell energy
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Functional effects of estrogen in the periodontium
- 2007
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. We have previously shown that periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) express estrogen receptor β (ERβ) but not ERα immunoreactivity. The PDL cells express no immunoreactivity for progesterone receptors, suggesting that this cell-type is not affected by progesterone. Treatment with a physiological concentration of estrogen increases DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells but has no effect on PDL cell DNA and collagen synthesis. The purpose of this project is to investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen influences structure and function of the periodontal ligament by affecting PDL cell functional properties. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. Subcellular distribution of ERβ was determined by immunogold electron microscopy and confocal imagining using the mitochondrial selective probe MitoTracker and ERβ immunostaining. Expression of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was investigated using Western blotting. The amount of IL-6 was determined by ELISA. Results: Confocal imaging revealed that ERβ immunoreactivity was distributed not only in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria. These results were confirmed using immunogold electron microscopy. Incubation with estrogen down-regulated the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, showing functional significance of mitochondrial ER. Preliminary data show that estrogen attenuates LPS induced IL-6 production in the PDL cells. Conclusion: Our data show that estrogen, preferably via ERβ, affects PDL cell functional properties, suggesting that estrogen and other ER specific ligands may modulate the periodontal tissue structure and function in health and disease.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Functional effects of LPS and estrogen in the periodontium
- 2007
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have addressed the association between changes in the female sex hormones estrogen levels and changes in parameters of periodontitis. Estrogen affects inflammatory conditions in different parts of the body, such as brain, cardiovascular system and in colon. The effects of LPS in PDL cell inflammatory versus normal physiological conditions are poorly mapped. The aim of the present study was to investigate how LPS affects PDL cell inflammatory versus normal physiological characteristics, and if the effect of LPS was reversed by estrogen. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured from periodontal tissue explants and used in passages 3-5. The cells were treated with different concentrations of Escherichia coli LPS in the absence or presence of estrogen. Cytokine (IL-6 and CRP) and chemokine (MCP-1) production was measured using ELISA. DNA and collagen synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]proline, respectively. ALP activity was determined colorimetrically. All measurements were normalized to total amount of protein. Results and Conclusions: LPS enhanced the inflammatory characteristics of PDL cells, reflected by enhanced production of IL-6 and MCP-1 but did not effect CRP production. LPS had no effect on collagen and DNA synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity, however, which suggests that LPS does not affect the physiological properties of PDL cells. Estrogen did not reverse LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 production. The present study suggests that PDL cells in response to LPS via enhanced MCP-1 production contribute to the recruitment of leucocytes to the area of inflammation in periodontitis.
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of estrogen receptor beta in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2004
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In: Archives of Oral Biology. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 49:1, s. 85-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two transcription associated estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes have been identified and named ERα and ERβ. In the present study we investigate the expression of these ER subtypes in cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells by immunocytochemistry. ERβ immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of about 40% of the PDL cells, while no ERα immunoreactivity was detected. In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, serving as positive controls, both ERα and ERβ immunoreactivities were demonstrated. No immunoreactivity was observed after omission of the primary antibodies. This study suggests that estrogen acts on gene transcription preferentially via ERβ in human PDL cells.
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