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- Altavilla, A., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the new european paediatric regulatory framework on ethics committees: overview and perspectives
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the impact of the new European paediatric regulatory framework on the activities of Ethics Committees operating in Europe and to assess their involvement and interest in paediatric research. Methods: Task-force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young Network of Excellence and Relating Expectations and Needs to the Participation and Empowerment of Children in Clinical Trials project set up an inventory of Ethics Committees existing in Europe and conducted a survey on their approach to paediatric trials. Results: Ethics Committees operating in 22 European Countries participated in this survey. Results showed a high lack of knowledge, understanding and awareness of the current European paediatric regulatory framework and a lack of involvement of Ethics Committees in paediatric research, especially in terms of training and education, demonstrated also by the decreasing number of Ethics Committees answering exhaustively to the whole questionnaire. The majority of participating Ethics Committees expressed interest in future initiatives related to paediatric research. Conclusions: Despite a limited knowledge and understanding of the current paediatric regulatory framework, a significant number of Ethics Committees operating in Europe show interest in initiatives related to paediatric research. Networking may be an essential tool to be used to enhance Ethics Committees role in supporting paediatric research. Any initiative should be undertaken at European level in collaboration with European Union Institutions.
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| 3. |
- Stiel, H., et al.
(författare)
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2D and 3D Nanoscale Imaging Using High Repetition Rate Laboratory-Based Soft X-Ray Sources
- 2018
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Ingår i: X-Ray Lasers 2016 - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319730240 ; 202, s. 265-272
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution, we report about tomographic nanoscale imaging using a laser-produced plasma-based laboratory transmission X-ray microscope (LTXM) in the water window. The soft X-ray radiation of the LTXM is provided by a high average power laser-produced (1.3 kHz repetition rate, 0.5 ns pulse duration, 140 W average power) plasma source, a multilayer condenser mirror, an objective zone plate, and a back-illuminated CCD camera as a detector. In the second part of the contribution, we will present recent results on holography and coherent diffraction imaging using our high repetition rate X-ray laser. We will discuss advantages of these methods and its potential for nanoscale imaging.
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- Kördel, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory water-window x-ray microscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optica. - : The Optical Society. - 2334-2536. ; 7:6, s. 658-674
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft x-ray microscopy in the water window (similar to 285-535 eV) is an emerging and unique tool for 2D and 3D imaging of unstained intact cellular samples in their near-native state with few-10-nm detail. However, present microscopes rely on the high x-ray brightness of synchrotron-radiation sources. Having access to water-window microscopy in the home laboratory would increase the impact and extend the applicability of the method. In the present paper, we review three decades of efforts to build laboratory water-window microscopes and conclude that the method is now reaching the maturity to allow biological studies. The instruments as well as their key components are quantitatively and qualitatively compared. We find that the brightness and the reliability of the laboratory source are the most critical parameters, but that the optics as well as the sample preparation also must be optimized to enable high-resolution imaging with adequate exposure times. We then describe the two sister microscopes in Stockholm and Berlin, which allow reliable high-resolution biological imaging with short exposure times of a few tens of seconds in 2D and a few tens of minutes in 3D. They both rely on a liquid-jet laser-plasma source combined with high-reflectivity normal-incidence multilayer condenser optics, high-resolution zone-plate imaging optics, CCD detection, and cryogenic sample handling. Finally, we present several examples of biological imaging demonstrating the unique properties of these instruments.
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