| 1. |
- Alexandersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Whole gene family expression and drought stress regulation of aquaporins
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-5028 .- 0167-4412. ; 59:3, s. 469-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since many aquaporins (AQPs) act as water channels, they are thought to play an important role in plant water relations. It is therefore of interest to study the expression patterns of AQP isoforms in order to further elucidate their involvement in plant water transport. We have monitored the expression patterns of all 35 Arabidopsis AQPs in leaves, roots and flowers by cDNA microarrays, specially designed for AQPs, and by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (Q-RT-PCR). This showed that many AQPs are pre-dominantly expressed in either root or flower organs, whereas no AQP isoform seem to be leaf specific. Looking at the AQP subfamilies, most plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and some tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) have a high level of expression, while NOD26-like proteins (NIPs) are present at a much lower level. In addition, we show that PIP transcripts are generally down-regulated upon gradual drought stress in leaves, with the exception of AtPIP1;4 and AtPIP2;5, which are up-regulated. AtPIP2;6 and AtSIP1;1 are constitutively expressed and not significantly affected by the drought stress. The transcriptional down-regulation of PIP genes upon drought stress could also be observed on the protein level.
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| 2. |
- Anhede, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Film - Min plats i biosfären! Om forskning i Unesco Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle : Film - My Place in the Biosphere - Results from research in a Swedish Bioshere Reserve
- 2020
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Ingår i: Film producerad av Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle i samarbete med Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Gävle och Vänermuseet.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Min plats i biosfären är en skrift och en vandringsutställning som visar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Unesco Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Innehållet baseras på forskningsprojektet Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning utfört av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle. Utställningen visas på de här platserna i biosfärområdet år 2020: * Juni - Stenhusbacken, Lidköping * Juli - Bäcken, Ekudden, Mariestad * Augusti - Kalkstensbrottet, Götene. Ladda ner skriften här: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/62574 Mer info: https://www.vanerkulle.se #Minplatsibiosfären
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boud, David, et al.
(författare)
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Observing interprofessional simulation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Interprofessional Simulation in Health Care. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030195410 - 9783030195427 ; , s. 115-137
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter has a particular focus on the observers’ role in simulation-based learning activities. Simulation-based learning is often organised so that participants rotates between active participation in the scenario and participation as observers. The research examples provided show that the conditions for learning are related to the locations where and the ways the observers are situated, and to how the instructions to the observers are formulated. Arguments are put forward that the observers’ role in simulation has unexploited potential for developing skills of noticing.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease With or Without Acute 3D6 Immunotherapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuropharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3908 .- 1873-7064. ; 143, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is suggested to be compromised in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The concomitant presence of vascular amyloid beta (AD) pathology, so called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also predisposes impairment of vessel integrity. Additionally, immunotherapy against A beta may lead to further damage of the BBB. To what extent this affects the BBB passage of molecules is debated. The current study aimed to investigate BBB integrity to large molecules in transgenic mice displaying abundant A beta pathology and age matched wild type animals, with or without acute anti-A beta antibody treatment. Animals were administered a single i.v. injection of PBS or 3D6 (10 mg/kg), i.e. the murine version of the clinically investigated A beta antibody bapineuzumab, supplemented with [(125)]3D6. Three days post injections, a 4 kDa FITC and a 150 kDa Antonia Red dextran were administered i.v. to all animals. After termination, fluorescent detection in brain and serum was used for the calculation of dextran brain-to-blood concentration ratios. Further characterization of antibody fate and the presence of CAA were investigated using radioactivity measurements and Congo red staining. BBB passage of large molecules was equally low in wild type and transgenic mice, suggesting an intact BBB despite A beta pathology. Neither was the BBB integrity affected by acute 3D6 treatment. However, CAA was confirmed in the transgenes and local antibody accumulations were observed in the brain, indicating CAA-antibody interactions. The current study shows that independently of A beta pathology or acute 3D6 treatment, the BBB is intact, without extensive permeability to large molecules, including the 3D6 antibody.
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| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A novel plant major intrinsic protein in Physcomitrella patens most similar to bacterial glycerol channels
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2548 .- 0032-0889. ; 139:1, s. 287-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gene encoding a novel fifth type of major intrinsic protein (MIP) in plants has been identified in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Phylogenetic analyses show that this protein, GlpF-like intrinsic protein (GIP1;1), is closely related to a subclass of glycerol transporters in bacteria that in addition to glycerol are highly permeable to water. A likely explanation of the occurrence of this bacterial-like MIP in P. patens is horizontal gene transfer. The expressed P. patens GIP1;1 gene contains five introns and encodes a unique C-loop extension of approximately 110 amino acid residues that has no obvious similarity with any other known protein. Based on alignments and structural comparisons with other MIPs, GIP1;1 is suggested to have retained the permeability for glycerol but not for water. Studies on heterologously expressed GIP1;1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirm the predicted substrate specificity. Interestingly, proteins of one of the plant-specific subgroups of MIPs, the NOD26-like intrinsic proteins, are also facilitating the transport of glycerol and have previously been suggested to have evolved from a horizontally transferred bacterial gene. Further studies on localization and searches for GIP1;1 homologs in other plants will clarify the function and significance of this new plant MIP.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Sofia
(författare)
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Plant major intrinsic proteins. Identification and characterization of novel water channel-like protiens.
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Major Intrinsic Proteins, MIPs, constitute a large, ancient superfamily of membrane proteins that are found in all kingdoms of life. Most MIPs facilitate passive diffusion of water across biological membranes (aquaporins), although many channels are also permeable for glycerol and other small uncharged solutes, (aquaglyceroporins). Other substrates reported for specific MIPs are anions, carbon dioxide, arsenic and boric acid. MIPs are predominantly important in processes involving water regulation and osmoregulation, but have also been suggested to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, 35 MIP-encoding genes were identified. By sequence homology and phylogenetic analyses, these genes were divided into four subfamilies, Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins, PIPs, Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins, TIPs, Nod26-like Intrinsic Proteins, NIPs, and Small basic Intrinsic proteins, SIPs. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and the already commonly used names, a new nomenclature, which now is widely accepted, was proposed. The SIPs form the most recently identified subfamily, and this divergent family is also the poorest characterized. The constriction region of SIPs is unlike filters of both aguaglyceroporins and aquaporins, suggesting different substrates than glycerol or water. Expression studies by promoter::GUS fusions imply that SIP1;1 is expressed in roots, trichomes, stigma, style and stamen. Vascular root localization of SIP1;1 was also observed on the protein level by immunogold labeling, which also labeled guard cells in leaves. SIP2;1 was also localized in guard cells in addition to roots, predominantly in the center of the vasculature. The subcellular localization was investigated by aqueous two-phase partitioning and immunoblotting. Both SIP1;1 and SIP2;1 appear in the plasma membrane fraction when isolated from leaves, but mainly in the fraction containing internal membranes when isolated from roots. Water and glycerol permeability for SIP1;1 and SIP2;1 was investigated by heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but no permeability for either molecule could be observed. In the moss Physcomitrella patens a MIP more similar to bacterial aquaglyceroporins than to any other known plant MIP was identified. Most likely, this protein, GIP1;1, was recruited by plants from bacteria by horizontal gene transfer. GIP1;1 (GIP for GlpF-like Intrinsic Protein) was predicted to be a glycerol selective channel, which subsequently was confirmed after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes.
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| 8. |
- Holmgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells during Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in calves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 36, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to monitor local cytokine responses to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves during primary infection and re-infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected weekly from experimentally infected calves and interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN- mRNA expression was quantified in BALF cells. The major finding was a prominent transient increase in IL-4 mRNA expression, compared with that of uninfected calves, observed in BALF cells collected 2-3weeks post-primary D.viviparus infection. At 2weeks post-infection, macroscopic worms were also first observed in BALF. Calves re-infected after 10weeks were partially immune which was evident at slaughter 5weeks post-infection as a lower worm burden than in previously naive calves infected at the same time. IL-4 mRNA expression in BALF cells 2weeks post-re-infection was increased compared with that of uninfected animals but not as high as that of primarily infected calves. BALF cell expression of the other cytokines tested for was not as clearly effected by the D.viviparus infection. It seems likely that the strong IL-4 response observed during primary infection reflects an innate response to the worms that may initiate an ensuing Th2 response, which confers protective immunity.
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| 9. |
- Johanson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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A new subfamily of major intrinsic proteins in plants.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - 0737-4038. ; 19:4, s. 456-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as channels in membranes to facilitate passive transport across the membrane. Some MIPs allow small polar molecules like glycerol or urea to pass through the membrane. However, the majority of MIPs are thought to be aquaporins (AQPs), i.e., they are specific for water transport. Plant MIPs can be subdivided into the plasma membrane intrinsic protein, tonoplast intrinsic protein, and NOD26-like intrinsic protein subfamilies. By database mining and phylogenetic analyses, we have identified a new subfamily in plants, the Small basic Intrinsic Proteins (SIPs). Comparisons of sequences from the new subfamily with conserved amino acid residues in other MIPs reveal characteristic features of SIPs. Possible functional consequences of these features are discussed in relation to the recently solved structures of AQP1 and GlpF. We suggest that substitutions at conserved and structurally important positions imply a different substrate specificity for the new subfamily.
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| 10. |
- Johanson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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The complete set of genes encoding major intrinsic proteins in Arabidopsis provides a framework for a new nomenclature for major intrinsic proteins in plants
- 2001
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2548 .- 0032-0889. ; 126:4, s. 1358-1369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) facilitate the passive transport of small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs constitute a very old family of proteins and different forms have been found in all kinds of living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. In the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis, we have identified 35 different MIP-encoding genes. Based on sequence similarity, these 35 proteins are divided into four different subfamilies: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, tonoplast intrinsic proteins, NOD26-like intrinsic proteins also called NOD26-like MIPs, and the recently discovered small basic intrinsic proteins. In Arabidopsis, there are 13 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, 10 tonoplast intrinsic proteins, nine NOD26-like intrinsic proteins, and three small basic intrinsic proteins. The gene structure in general is conserved within each subfamily, although there is a tendency to lose introns. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis MIPs (AtMIPs), it is argued that the general intron patterns in the subfamilies were formed before the split of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Although the gene structure is unique for each subfamily, there is a common pattern in how transmembrane helices are encoded on the exons in three of the subfamilies. The nomenclature for plant MIPs varies widely between different species but also between subfamilies in the same species. Based on the phylogeny of all AtMIPs, a new and more consistent nomenclature is proposed. The complete set of AtMIPs, together with the new nomenclature, will facilitate the isolation, classification, and labeling of plant MIPs from other species.
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