| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
|
|
| 2. |
- Hedström, Brita, et al.
(författare)
-
Visby Innerstad : En användningsplan
- 1973
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sedan lång tid föreligger i stort sett enighet om att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse och att anpassa eventuella nytillskott till det redan bestående. Med den inställningen har förändringsprocessen både dämpats och mildrats men ändå inte bragts att avstanna. Förändringar sker ständigt om det också huvudsakligen i smått: de många synbart så anspråkslösa byggnadsåtgärderna adderar efterhand ihop sig till något större och mer genomgripande. Långsamt, nästan omärkligt, ändrar innerstaden sitt ansikte.Ändå är det inte själva husen som förändrats mest utan användningen av dem. Ur funktionell synpunkt har 1950 - och 60-talen har varit något av en omstörtning i innerstadens historia: den har förlorat nästan hälften av de boende, en stor del av detaljhandeln och praktiskt taget helt sin gamla roll som skolcentrum. I gengäld har ytterstaden vuxit ut till ett sammanhängande kilometerbrett bälte. Till stor del av denna funktionella förändring en följd av beslutet att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse. Vad som inte fått plats inom den gamla ramen har etablerats utandör den.Föreliggande arbete vill ge en översiktlig bild av förändringsförloppen, sedda i ett långt tidsperspektiv men med tonvikt på dagsläget. Bebyggelsen tas upp till utförlig granskning men också användningen av den. Det är just samspelet mellan husen och de funtkioner, de fyller, som kan sägas utgöra bokens huvudtema. I de flesta fall är detta sammanhang hus-användning alldeles konfliktfritt och föranleder därför inte heller någon diskussion. Vad som behandlas är de relativt få problematiska fallen, hus som borde rustas upp för att fylla sin uppgift, hus som är olämpligt nyttjade eller inte använda alls. En serie sådana fall tas upp till systematisk genomgång; samtidigt berörs också de trafik - och miljömässiga konsekvenserna. Bokens syfte är alltså klart: den ger ett underlag av fakta för arbetet med att jämka samman byggnader och användningsformer. I den meningen kan skriften kallas en anvädningsplan för Visby innanför murarna.Arkitekturskolanas arbete har bedrivitis parallellt med den kommunala Innerstadskommitténs verksamhet. Något organiserat samarbete har inte förekommit med de informella kontakterna har varit både täta och goda. Att likheterna mellan Innerstadskommittén och Arkitekturskolans slutsatser blivit så pass stora, kan tillskrivas en gemensam helhetssyn.En av Arkitekturskolans elever, arkitekt Lars-Ingvar Larsson, har tidigare självständigt genomfört en undersökning av förändringar i innerstaden 1945-70- Denna studie publicerats separat och bör uppfattas som ett komplement till den hör föreliggande.Förutom de i innehållsförteckningen nämnda har ytterligare några aktivt medverkat i arbetet. Studiet av trafikfrågorna i innerstaden, i hamnen och öster om ringmuren leddes av Åke Claesson, I fältstudier och diskussioner medverkande Göran Månsson.Arkitekturskolan har fått god hjälp av ett antal initierade personer i Visby. Särskild tacksamhet är vi skyldiga byggnadsnämnden ordförande Henning Jacobson, kommunalrådet C B Stenström, stadsarkitekten Måns Hagbergm f. länsbostadsdorektören Åke Malmberg och landsantikvarien Gunnar Svahnström. I boken publiceringskostnaderna har ekonomiskt bidrag lämnats av Gotlands kommun och Riksantikvarieämbetet.Boken har redigerats av Sture Balgård och Ann Mari Westerlind med hjälp av Henrik O Andersson, Bo Ek, Göran Lindahl, Fredrik von Platen, John Sjöström Gunnar Westerlind och Hans Wetterfors.Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, sommaren 1973.Arkitekturskolans lärare och elever.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary proteins in children with urinary tract infection
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-041X .- 1432-198X. ; 24:8, s. 1533-1538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that the urinary excretion of C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and Clara cell protein (CC16) is increased in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and relates to renal damage as measured by acute dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. Fifty-two children <2 years of age with UTI were enrolled in the study, 44 of whom were febrile. The control group consisted of 23 patients with non-UTI infection and elevated serum CRP (s-CRP) levels. Thirty-six patients had abnormal DMSA uptake, classified as mild, moderate or severe damage (DMSA class 1, 2, 3, respectively). There was a significant association between DMSA class and the excretion of urinary RBP (u-RBP) and u-CC16. There was also a significant difference in u-CRP levels between children with UTI and control children with non-UTI infections, although u-CRP excretion was not significantly correlated to DMSA class. In conclusion, the urinary excretion of the low-molecular-weight proteins RBP and CC16 showed a strong association with uptake defects on renal DMSA scans. The urinary level of CRP seems to distinguish between children with UTI and other febrile conditions. A combination of these biomarkers may be useful in the clinical assessment of children with UTI.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogisk förändring av arbetsvetenskapskurser i några olika utbildningsprogram vid LTH
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Pedagogisk inspirationskonferens LTH 27 maj 2003. - Lund : Lunds tekniska högskola, Lunds universitet. ; , s. 14-17
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi har genomfört genomgripande förändringar i obligatoriska grundkurser i arbetsvetenskap. Förändringarna har genomförts som en utvecklingsprocess i vilken samtliga lärare som deltagit i kurserna har medverkat. Processen startade med konsulthjälp från Universitetspedagogiskt centrum vid Lunds universitet, fortsatte med kompetensutveckling av oss själva och följdes av några utvecklingsprojekt, varefter från grunden förändrade kurser genomfördes under fyra år. Den nya uppläggningen medförde att vi fick positiva attityder i studentenkäterna när det gällde två av kurserna i årskurs 2 i vilken medodiken genomfördes fullständigt. I en kurs, som gavs i årskurs 1 och i vilken den nya uppläggningen endast delvis genomfördes blev studentattityderna negativa.
|
|
| 7. |
- Engström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Process Oriented Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of the Future? A Case Study of Integrated Ergonomics at an Engine Assembly Plant
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEA 2000/HFES 2000 Congress. ; 5, s. 5-331
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomics are, in most cases, focusing on the human being when evaluating assembly system designs. This results in the human performance being expressed isolated from the technical environment. On the other hand, technicians are prone to concentrate on the hardware. These conditions underline the need to pursue a more integrated evaluation and design procedure in order to avoid the drawbacks of these traditional approaches. In this paper, the authors propose an alternative approach, i.e. process oriented ergonomics, which might be a constructive way of tackling some of the more complex aspects of the man-machine interaction in industrial environments such as assembly of engines.
|
|
| 8. |
- Håversen, Liliana, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure-microbicidal activity relationship of synthetic fragments derived from the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. - 1098-6596 .- 0066-4804. ; 54:1, s. 418-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for new microbicidal agents with therapeutic potential due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria and fungi. In this study, the structure-microbicidal activity relationship of amino acid residues 14 to 31 (sequence 14-31) from the N-terminal end, corresponding to the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin (LF), was investigated by downsizing, alanine scanning, and substitution of amino acids. Microbicidal analysis (99% killing) was performed by a microplate assay using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans as test organisms. Starting from the N-terminal end, downsizing of peptide sequence 14-31 showed that the peptide sequence 19-31 (KCFQWQRNMRKVR, HL9) was the optimal length for antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, HL9 bound to lipid A/lipopolysaccharide, as shown by neutralizing endotoxic activity in a Limulus assay. Alanine scanning of peptide sequence 20-31 showed that Cys20, Trp23, Arg28, Lys29, or Arg31 was important for expressing full killing activity, particularly against C. albicans. Substituting the neutral hydrophilic amino acids Gln24 and Asn26 for Lys and Ala (HLopt2), respectively, enhanced microbicidal activity significantly against all test organisms compared to the amino acids natural counterpart, also, in comparison with HL9, HLopt2 had more than 10-fold-stronger fungicidal activity. Furthermore, HLopt2 was less affected by metallic salts than HL9. The microbicidal activity of HLopt2 was slightly reduced only at pH 7.0, as tested in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.5. The results showed that the microbicidal activity of synthetic peptide sequences, based on the antimicrobial alpha-helix region of LF, can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the length and substitution of neutral amino acids at specific positions, thus suggesting a sequence lead with therapeutic potential.
|
|
| 9. |
- Landin-Wilhelmsen, Kerstin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Spontaneous pregnancies in a Turner syndrome woman with Y-chromosome mosaicism.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. - 1058-0468. ; 21:6, s. 229-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To present a case involving pregnancies in a Turner woman with Y-chromosome mosaicism. METHOD: A descriptive case report of a single patient. RESULTS: A 39-year-old woman was admitted to the endocrine clinic due to fatigue and premature menopause. She had tried in-vitro fertilization and oocyte donation twice without pregnancies but became spontaneously pregnant at age 36 and 37 and delivered two girls. During the seventh month of the second pregnancy, a dissecting aortic aneurysm, a coarctation, and subsequently a pheochromocytoma were detected and repaired. Hypothyroidism developed. Turner syndrome was diagnosed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of lymphocytes revealed 31% XY cells and 4% XYY cells, while 66% of buccal cells had an XY constitution. Oophorectomy revealed no malignancy. FISH revealed 54% XY cells in the left gonad and 38% XY cells in the right. CONCLUSION: Turner syndrome should be suspected in women with aortic dissection, in general, but especially in those with additional features such as horseshoe kidney, coarctation, and infertility.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
|
|
| 16. |
- Vuong, Mai T, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of soluble CD89 levels with disease progression but not susceptibility in IgA nephropathy
- 2010
-
Ingår i: KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 78:12, s. 1281-1287
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fc-alpha receptor (Fc alpha R/CD89) is involved in IgA complex formation and may affect the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In this study, we tested the genetic variations of the CD89 gene in relation to disease susceptibility in IgAN and the expression of soluble CD89 (sCD89) in sera of patients with IgAN and in controls. There was a significant difference between the levels of sCD89-IgA complexes, measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 177 patients with IgAN with and without disease progression at the time of first diagnosis. No such difference was found in 42 patients with other renal diseases. The patients with IgAN without disease progression had stable but high levels of sCD89 over 5-15 years of follow-up in contrast to stable but low levels of sCD89 in the disease progression group. Moreover, levels of sCD89 complexes were correlated with one of the five CD89 genetic variants in 212 patients with IgAN and 477 healthy Caucasians; the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11084377 was significantly associated with a lower expression of sCD89. However, no association between CD89 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to IgAN was detected. Thus, we found an association between the levels of sCD89-IgA complexes in serum and the severity of IgAN, and a possible genetic component in regulating the production or expression of sCD89.
|
|
| 17. |
- Vuong, Mai Tuyet, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic variation in the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene is associated with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385 .- 0931-0509. ; 24:10, s. 3061-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of genetic risk for susceptibility to IgA nephropathy. Among several candidate genes related to immunological regulation in renal tissue, TGFB1 is known to be a contributor to proliferation and the development of fibrosis. METHODS: We analysed several SNPs in a region of this gene using 212 DNA samples from biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy patients, 146 men and 66 women and 477 healthy age-matched controls (321 men and 156 women) from the same population in Sweden. RESULTS: Frequencies of four out of five selected SNPs (rs6957, rs2241715, rs1800471, rs1982073 and rs1800469) were found to significantly differ between male patients and male controls in a co-dominant model (corrected P
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory : instrumentation and online systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.
|
|
| 21. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
A mannose-specific adherence mechanism in Lactobacillus plantarum conferring binding to the human colonic cell line HT-29.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Applied and environmental microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 62:7, s. 2244-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains of human intestinal origin, strains 299 (= DSM 6595) and 299v (= DSM 9843), have proved to be efficient colonizers of the human intestine under experimental conditions. These strains and 17 other L. plantarum strains were tested for the ability to adhere to cells of the human colonic cell line HT-29.L.plantarum 299 and 299v and nine other L. plantarum strains, including all six strains that belong to the same genetic subgroup as L. plantarum 299 and 299v, adhered to HT-29 cells in a manner that could be inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The ability to adhere to HT-29 cells correlated with an ability to agglutinate cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and erythrocytes in a mannose-sensitive manner and with adherence to D-mannose-coated agarose beads. L. plantarum 299 and 299v adhered to freshly isolated human colonic and ileal enterocytes, but the binding was not significantly inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. Periodate treatment of HT-29 cells abolished mannose-sensitive adherence, confirming that the cell-bound receptor was of carbohydrate nature. Proteinase K treatment of the bacteria also abolished adherence, indicating that the binding involved protein structures on the bacterial cell surface. Thus, a mannose-specific adhesin has been identified in L. plantarum; this adhesin could be involved in the ability to colonize the intestine.
|
|
| 22. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Adhesins of Escherichia coli associated with extra-intestinal pathogenicity confer binding to colonic epithelial cells.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Microbial pathogenesis. - 0882-4010. ; 18:6, s. 373-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Escherichia coli adhesins are virulence factors in intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, but their role in normal intestinal colonization has not been defined. We investigated the intestinal adherence of E. coli with Dr hemagglutinin, S fimbriae, CFA/I or CFA/II, using freshly isolated ileal or colonic enterocytes and cells from the human colonic cell line HT-29. E. coli with S-fimbrial adhesins (Sfa I or Sfa II), P or type 1 fimbriae, adhered in a non-polarized manner, and in similar numbers to colonic and ileal enterocytes. S fimbriae of the variety Sfa II (originating from a meningitis isolate), mediated a stronger binding than Sfa I (of uropathogenic origin). Strains expressing Dr hemagglutinin adhered preferentially to the brush borders, slightly better to colonic than ileal enterocytes. Strains expressing CFA/I or II adhered to colonic and ileal enterocytes, although brush border adherence was predominantly observed with ileal cells. Binding to HT-29 cells paralleled binding to colonic enterocytes for all adhesin specificities except CFA/I. The results suggest that Dr hemagglutinin, P-, type 1- and S-fimbrial adhesins mediate binding to both colonic and ileal enterocytes. These specificities may contribute to the establishment of E. coli in the intestinal microflora, which precedes their spread to extra-intestinal sites.
|
|
| 23. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 587-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health.
|
|
| 24. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli with human meconium.
- 1991
-
Ingår i: FEMS microbiology letters. - 0378-1097. ; 68:1, s. 57-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of Escherichia coli with different receptor specificities to interact with meconium was studied. E. coli strains expressing P-fimbriae, specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta-containing receptors, were agglutinated by meconium at high titres. This reaction was inhibited by globotetraosylceramide. The attachment of P-fimbriated E. coli to human colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line was inhibited by meconium. Some type 1 fimbriated strains were agglutinated by meconium, but the agglutination was rarely blocked by methyl alpha-D-mannoside. The attachment by type 1 fimbriated strains to HT-29 cells was reduced by meconium only in some cases. These results suggest that meconium interacts with the P-fimbriae of E. coli, in a way that may influence bacterial colonization of the neonatal intestine.
|
|
| 25. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
|
|
| 26. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
P fimbriae and other adhesins enhance intestinal persistence of Escherichia coli in early infancy.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 599-608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resident and transient Escherichia coli strains were identified in the rectal flora of 22 Pakistani infants followed from birth to 6 months of age. All strains were tested for O-antigen expression, adhesin specificity (P fimbriae, other mannose-resistant adhesins or type 1 fimbriae) and adherence to the colonic cell line HT-29. Resident strains displayed higher mannose-resistant adherence to HT-29 cells, and expressed P fimbriae (P = 0.0036) as well as other mannose-resistant adhesins (P = 0.012) more often than transient strains. In strains acquired during the first month of life, P fimbriae were 12 times more frequent in resident than in transient strains (P = 0.0006). The O-antigen distribution did not differ between resident and transient strains, and none of the resident P-fimbriated strains belonged to previously recognized uropathogenic clones. The results suggest that adhesins mediating adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, especially P fimbriae, enhance the persistence of E. coli in the large intestine of infants.
|
|
| 27. |
- Ahlstedt, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of circulating immune complex-like material for development of skin reactions in connection with penicillin therapy
- 1981
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - 0020-5915. ; 64:2, s. 195-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The levels of immune complex-like material in serum from 18 patients in connection with skin eruptions appearing during penicillin therapy were determined with a modified ELISA. Immune complex-like material could only be shown in the serum of 3 out of the 17 patients. However, according to ELISA results, the complexes appeared without the simultaneous presence of penicilloyl-specific antibodies. Neither could penicilloyl-specific antibodies be recorded in 9 patient treated with parenteral penicillin without adverse reactions. 3 of these patients had immune complex-like material in their serum. It was concluded that immune complex-like material with penicilloyl specificity is not likely to contribute to the development of skin eruptions often seen in connection with penicillin treatment.
|
|
| 28. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine in geriatric outpatients with major depression : a double-blind, randomised 6-month comparative trial with citalopram.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 19:12, s. 1123-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objectives of the study were to compare efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine ER 75-150 mg/day with that of citalopram 10-20 mg/day in elderly patients with major depression according to DSM-IV criteria. METHODS: A randomised, double-blind, parallel group 6-month study. Efficacy was assessed by MADRS, CGI Global Improvement, CGI Severity of Illness and GDS-20 scores and safety by physical examinations, vital signs, adverse events and UKU side effect rating. Plasma levels of venlafaxine, its major metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine and citalopram were followed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one male and female patients (64-89 years) were enrolled and 118 patients completed the study. Comparable improvements in MADRS, CGI Severity of Illness, CGI Global Improvement and GDS-20 were observed during venlafaxine and citalopram treatment. The MADRS remission rate was 19% for venlafaxine and 23% for citalopram. Side effects were common during both treatments but differed in tremor being more common during citalopram and nausea/vomiting during venlafaxine treatment. There were no clinically significant changes in blood pressure or body weight. CONCLUSION: The observed benefits of venlafaxine treatment in elderly patients with major depression were similar to those observed in younger adults as were reported adverse events and side effects. Treatment with venlafaxine ER was well tolerated and induced beneficial effects of similar magnitude as those of citalopram.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Amu, Sylvie, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytokines in the placenta of Pakistani newborns with and without intrauterine growth retardation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Pediatr Res. ; 59:2, s. 254-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major risk factor for increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, the mechanisms behind it are not clear. We analyzed cytokine gene expression and gene polymorphisms in infants with and without IUGR in Pakistan, where IUGR is very common. 45 IUGR and 55 control mother/infant pairs were studied. mRNA for IL-10, IL-8, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma and GAPDH was quantified with RT-PCR from placenta. Cytokine and cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms for -1087IL10, -308TNFA, -174IL6, +915TGFB1, intron 2 IL1RN, +36TNFR1, 150V IL4RA and -159CD14 were determined from genomic DNA. The serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were measured. There was a significant decrease of IL-10 and IL-12, but increase of TGF-beta in the decidua and similarly decrease of IL-10, but increase of TGF-beta in the trophoblasts of the IUGR placentas compared with the non-IUGR placentas. We found significantly lower levels of IL-1beta in serum from the mothers of the IUGR infants and of TGF-beta in serum of the infants with IUGR compared with the non-IUGR infants. We note that the IL-10 mRNA expression in the decidua was down-regulated, but the TGF-beta mRNA up-regulated in IUGR placentas of mothers from a population with multiple risk factors for IUGR. We propose that the low IL-10 in the placenta may be involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR and might possibly be treatable.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
A gene to organism approach-assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 34:7, s. 1511-1523
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Bergman, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Implementation of Suitable Comfort Model for Posture and Motion Prediction in DHM Supported Vehicle Design
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 3753-3758
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driver-vehicle interaction analyses are done to ensure a successful vehicle design from an ergonomics perspective. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools are often used to support such verifications, particularly at early stages of the product development process. When verifying that a vehicle design accommodates the diversity of users and tasks, a DHM tool needs to be able to represent postures and motions that are likely under certain conditions. This functionality is essential so that the tool user will obtain objective and repeatable simulation results. The DHM tool IMMA (Intelligently Moving Manikins) predicts postures and motions by using computational methods. This offers the possibility to generate postures and motions that are unique for the present design conditions. IMMA was originally developed for simulating manual assembly work, whereas the work presented here is a step towards utilizing the IMMA tool for occupant packaging and related tasks. The objective is a tool for virtual verification of driver-vehicle interaction that supports and automates the simulation work to a high degree. The prediction functionality in IMMA is based on the use of optimization algorithms where one important component is the consideration of comfort level. This paper reports results from an basic investigation of driving postures and available comfort models suitable in a driving context, and shows initial results of seated posture and motion prediction functionality in the IMMA tool.
|
|
| 36. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Corporate-internal vs. national standard - A comparison study of two ergonomics evaluation procedures used in automotive manufacturing
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 39:6, s. 940-946
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing corporations sometimes use corporate-internal procedures to evaluate and monitor the ergonomic status of the workplace. This article describes an industrial case study in the Swedish automotive sector, where an internally developed evaluation procedure was compared with a procedure based on a Swedish national standard provision. It was found that the national standard procedure tended to give more severe ratings and statistical support shows that the two evaluation procedures are not equivalent. The ability of the methods to identify body segments at risk was also compared. The quantitative comparison was followed up with interviews, where the influence of professional tasks and objectives became evident, as well as the fact that evaluation criteria are quantified differently by the two procedures. The main finding is that unforeseen differences in analysis procedure, criteria of acceptability and levels of detail can cause use-related difficulties for different professional groups when methods are used interchangeably. Relevance to industry: Industrial corporations wishing to monitor ergonomics consistently are advised by the authors to ensure that ratings from internal evaluations are interpreted the same way by all involved personnel, and that they at least have criteria levels equivalent to those of a national standard. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 37. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
National Standard vs. Corporate-Internal Ergonomics Evaluation - an Industrial Case Study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The 40th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference, NES 2008, Reykjavík, Iceland, August 11-13.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, industrial corporations are required to actively monitor and improve the working environment for their employees according to the provision AFS 1998:1, a document that offers guidelines for maintaining a healthy physical working environment, chiefly by ensuring healthy working postures. This provision was purposely formulated in a very general, nonspecific manner in order to be relevant for a large variety of industries.At certain industrial corporations, corporate-internal procedures for evaluating and monitoring the ergonomic status of the workplace have been developed, usually in order to takeconsideration of the specific conditions of that industrial application. The protocol, method,execution and presentation of the evaluation results may vary. Also, the decision regarding which personnel should carry out the evaluation becomes a poignant question. In this article, which describes a Swedish industrial case study in the automotive sector, a corporate-internal method with a highly specified input protocol was used to evaluate theergonomic status of a production line. At the time, the evaluation was carried out by factory personnel with specific training in using the method. Months later, the same factory segment was re-evaluated by two professional ergonomists from an occupational health service, thistime using the AFS 1998:1 provision as a basis.The article makes an attempt to compare the two methods, finding some similarities and also some interesting differences. However, the main research questions that arise from this work concern the difficulties of choosing the right evaluation method for a large, complex industrialsystem; not only do different evaluation methods tell us different things at different levels of detail, but they also require very different competencies from the persons who perform the evaluation.
|
|
| 38. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of manikin motions in IMMA
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Advances in applied human modeling and simulation. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781439870310 - 9781439870327 - 9780429061943 ; , s. 235-244
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When evaluating human-machine interaction in a virtual environment using Digital human modelling (DHM) it is important to ensure that the predicted motions lie within the range of behavioural diversity for different people within a population. This paper presents a study in which a comparison is made between motions predicted by the DHM tool IMMA (Intelligently Moving Manikin) and motions from real humans stored in a motion database. Results show similar motions but the predicted motions were in total statistically significantly different compared to the motions performed by real persons. The differences are most likely due to the balance function and joint constraints that the IMMA tool uses for predicting motions. Differences can also be due to other factors, aside of body size, such as age, gender or strength that affects the movement behaviour.
|
|
| 39. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Creation of the IMMA manikin with consideration of anthropometric diversity
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 21st International Conference on Production Research: Innovation in Product and Production, ICPR 2011; Stuttgart; Germany; 31 July 2011 through 4 August 2011. - : Fraunhofer Verlag. - 9783839602935 - 3839602939
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) systems are used to simulate production processes and analyse the human-machine interaction, particularly at early development stages. Consideration of anthropometric variation is central in DHM simulations due to the necessity of ensuring intended accommodation levels. This paper describes the process of how digital human models are created and defined within the IMMA software. The process begins with the definition of a number of key measurements, which acts as the basis for the definition of several boundary manikins using a confidence ellipsoid methodology. These manikins represents the appropriate confidence region and hence the anthropometric diversity. Key measurements are then entered into regression equations to define the complete set of measurements for each manikin. These measurements are based on the appropriate ISO-standard. Finally, measurements are used to define the size and alignment of each segment in the biomechanical model of the manikin. The manikins are then used to automatically simulate and analyse human-machine interaction.
|
|
| 40. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Human Model Module and Work Process for Considering Anthropometric Diversity
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) International Conference. - Louisville : AHFE International. - 9780979643545
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In digital human modelling (DHM), ergonomics evaluations are typically done with few human models. However, humans vary a lot in sizes and shapes. Therefore, few manikins can rarely ensure accommodation of an entire target population. Different approaches exist on how to consider anthropometric diversity. This paper reviews current DHM tools and clarify problems and opportunities when working with anthropometric diversity. The aim is to suggest functionality for a state of the art DHM module and work process for considering anthropometric diversity. The study is done by an analysis of some of the current DHM systems and by interviews of personnel at car companies about their way of working with anthropometric diversity. The study confirmed that critical production simulations are often done in early development stages with only one or a few human models. The reason for this is claimed to be time consuming processes, both at the creation of the human model but mainly when correctly positioning the model in the CAD environment. The development of a new method and work process for considering anthropometric diversity is suggested. Necessary features for such a module are that it shall be easy to use and not require expert knowledge about the consideration of anthropometric diversity. It shall also be configurable and transparent, in a sense that it should be possible to work with own anthropometric data and ergonomics evaluation standards. The module has to be flexible and have different entrances depending on the type of anthropometric problem being analyzed. An improved work method is expected to lead to faster and more correct analyses.
|
|
| 41. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Human Model Module and Work Process for Considering Anthropometric Diversity
- 2011. - 1
-
Ingår i: Advances in Applied Digital Human Modeling. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781439835128 - 9781439835111 - 9780429151842 ; , s. 568-577
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In digital human modelling (DHM), ergonomics evaluations are typically done with few human models. However, humans vary a lot in sizes and shapes. Therefore, few manikins can rarely ensure accommodation of an entire target population. Different approaches exist on how to consider anthropometric diversity. This paper reviews current DHM tools and clarify problems and opportunities when working with anthropometric diversity. The aim is to suggest functionality for a state of the art DHM module and work process for considering anthropometric diversity. The study is done by an analysis of some of the current DHM systems and by interviews of personnel at car companies about their way of working with anthropometric diversity. The study confirmed that critical production simulations are often done in early development stages with only one or a few human models. The reason for this is claimed to be time consuming processes, both at the creation of the human model but mainly when correctly positioning the model in the CAD environment. The development of a new method and work process for considering anthropometric diversity is suggested. Necessary features for such a module are that it shall be easy to use and not require expert knowledge about the consideration of anthropometric diversity. It shall also be configurable and transparent, in a sense that it should be possible to work with own anthropometric data and ergonomics evaluation standards. The module has to be flexible and have different entrances depending on the type of anthropometric problem being analyzed. An improved work method is expected to lead to faster and more correct analyses.
|
|
| 42. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Multidimensional consideration of anthropometric diversity
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of DHM, First International Symposium on Digital Human Modeling. - : Université Claude Bernard Lyon. - 9782953951509 ; , s. 1-6
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boundary manikins, the concept of creating statistically extreme cases to accommodate a big part of the less extreme population has been known for decades. Despite this, many ergonomics simulations are done with few human models. This fact can be explained by the time consuming processes when working with many manikins in current digital human modelling (DHM) tools, but may also be a result of difficulty to understand how these manikins are calculated and defined. This paper focuses on the method of defining boundary manikins and how that functionality can be integrated into a DHM tool. Examples of boundary case methods in the literature often use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the problem without much loss of the variance of the analysed data. Using PCA often demands some extent of manual analysis at the critical stage of reducing dimensions. This paper will explain a similar methodology for ceating boundary manikins from any number of variables, i.e. anthropometric variables chosen as key measurements. This method of creating a group of manikins is intended to be used in an automatic simulation feature in the IMMA software being developed in the associated research project. By using the method, a confidence region in the standardized space is created from eigenvectors and scaled eigenvalues of a correlation matrix. Boundary manikins are chosen at the ends of the axes of the enclosing confidence region, and one manikin of mean values is also added to the group of manikins. In the method presented here, the number of manikins created depends directly on the number of variables, which lead to the fact that the decision making of which key measurements to consider has to be done carefully to not create an overwhelming number of manikins. In comparison with one method using PCA, the method presented in this paper creates more manikins with a bigger difference in the max and min values of the chosen key measurements. If a limited number of cases are of crucial interest, then using PCA to reduce the dimensions of the problem is a good method to use. But if it is possible to create automated simulations the limitation of the number of manikins might not be so important. This will, though, depend heavily on the speed of the automated simulations.
|
|
| 43. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish engineering anthropometric web resource
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of NES2011 September 18—21, 2011 Oulu, Finland. - Oulu : University of Oulu. - 9789514295416 ; , s. 442-446
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropometry, the study of human measurements, is central in the design of products and workplaces. This paper describes how Swedish anthropometric data is made available through a web page (www.antropometri.se) intended to be used by designers and engineers when developing new products and workplaces. With the anthropometric web resource it is possible to get mean and standard deviation values, and to calculate percentile values, for a number of anthropometric measurements. Further functionality on the web page enables simultaneous consideration of several anthropometric measurements. The web page also contains guidelines for how to use anthropometric data depending on the design task at hand.
|
|
| 44. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of digital human modelling and consideration of anthropometric diversity in Swedish industry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 42nd annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference. - 9788299574723
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper study and clarify problems, needs and opportunities when working with anthropometric diversity in digital human modelling (DHM) systems. A comparison between product development and production development in Swedish automotive industry is made. Interviews with DHM users and ergonomics specialists about their way of working with anthropometric diversity confirmed that simulations are often done with only one or a few human models. The reason for this is claimed to be time consuming processes, both at the creation of the human model but mainly when correctly positioning the model in the CAD environment.
|
|
| 45. |
- Bertilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Using experimental design to define boundary manikins
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4598-4605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When evaluating human-machine interaction it is central to consider anthropometric diversity to ensure intended accommodation levels. A well-known method is the use of boundary cases where manikins with extreme but likely measurement combinations are derived by mathematical treatment of anthropometric data. The supposition by that method is that the use of these manikins will facilitate accommodation of the expected part of the total, less extreme, population. In literature sources there are differences in how many and in what way these manikins should be defined. A similar field to the boundary case method is the use of experimental design in where relationships between affecting factors of a process is studied by a systematic approach. This paper examines the possibilities to adopt methodology used in experimental design to define a group of manikins. Different experimental designs were adopted to be used together with a confidence region and its axes. The result from the study shows that it is possible to adapt the methodology of experimental design when creating groups of manikins. The size of these groups of manikins depends heavily on the number of key measurements but also on the type of chosen experimental design.
|
|
| 46. |
- Billing, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Human Modelling in Action
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th SweCog Conference. - Skövde : University of Skövde. - 9789198366754 ; , s. 25-28
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 47. |
- Bjersing, Jan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Loss of ileal IgA+ plasma cells and of CD4+ lymphocytes in ileal Peyer's patches of vitamin A deficient rats.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - 0009-9104. ; 130:3, s. 404-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child mortality in diarrhoeal disease is increased significantly by vitamin A deficiency in poor countries. The pathological mechanisms are not known in detail. However, in this paper we report that vitamin A-deficient Wistar rats had much reduced IgA+ plasma cells in the ileal lamina propria (eightfold reduction from 470 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009), as well as a prominent reduction of CD4+ cells in the parafollicular regions of ileal Peyer's patches (reduction from 7200 to 105 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009). IL-2Ralpha-chain (CD25) positive lymphocytes in the ileal Peyer's patches were also reduced significantly in vitamin A deficiency (from 1400 to 300 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009). The density of CD8 cells tended to be increased relative to the control animals (from 5100 to 6000 cells/mm(2), not statistically significant). In conclusion, the marked decrease of lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells may be one cause of the high diarrhoeal mortality in vitamin A deficiency. This, in turn, appears to be related to reduced numbers of activated or regulatory CD4+ T cells in Peyer's patches.
|
|
| 48. |
- Björkenstam, Staffan C, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
A framework for motion planning of digital humans using discrete mechanics and optimal control
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium. - : Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ; , s. 64-71
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a framework for digital human modelling using discrete mechanics and optimal control. Discrete mechanics is particularly well suited for modelling the dynamics of constrained mechanical systems, which is almost always the case when considering complex human models interacting with the environment. We demonstrate that, by using recently developed recursive dynamics algorithms, we are able to efficiently use discrete mechanics in direct optimal control methods to plan for complex motions. Besides a proper mechanical model, an appropriate objective function is paramount to achieve realistic motions as a solution to an optimal control problem. Hence, several different objective functions, such as for example minimum time or minimum applied torque over the joints, are compared, and the resulting motions are analyzed and evaluated. To further improve the model, we include basic muscular models for the muscles of the shoulder, arm and wrist, and examine how this affects the motions.
|
|
| 49. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Computer-based protocol for human simulation report
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of IEA 2003. ; 3, s. 30-33
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present case study is to present and evaluate a computer-based standardized procedure to order, perform and document virtual ergonomic analyses. Results showed that the use of the new working methodology increased the number of factors considered during analysis. Participants indicated that the proposed methodology, including task analysis and use of manikin families, would increase the reliability of the results. The increase in numbers of factors considered during analysis and the improved reliability of the results is also likely to reduce the number of iterations needed in the design process to make products meet established requirements, therefore reducing total development time.
|
|
| 50. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying time-consuming human modelling tool activities
- 2006
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify and measure time-consuming human modelling tool activities. Five human modelling tool users at Volvo were observed for five days each. The results showed a wide distribution of both indirect and direct working tasks, as well as non-value added tasks such as waiting time. Most of the activities identified appear to be necessary to perform human modelling simulations of high quality. However, the time distribution could be questioned to some extent. There are many activities associated with communication, including a variety of contacts and meetings, where there appears to be potential to increase efficiency.
|
|
