| 1. |
- Larsson, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton on airway responses to inhaled swine house dust in healthy subjects
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 100:2, s. 226-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inhalation of swine house dust induces acute airway inflammation and increased bronchial responsiveness in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether 5-lipoxygenase products such as leukotrienes may have a role in this reaction. METHODS: Twenty-three healthy subjects were randomised into two groups receiving treatment with either zileuton (600 mg) or placebo four times a day. After 5 days of treatment, all subjects were exposed for 3h in a swine barn. Bronchial responsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide (NO), and mediators in nasal lavage (NAL), blood and urine were measured before and after the exposure. RESULTS: The exposure induced an increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in both groups with 2-3 doubling concentration steps, no significant difference between treatments. Leukotriene E(4) in urine increased significantly following exposure in the placebo group from 37.3 (29.1-45.6) (mean (95% confidence interval)) ng/mmol creatinine to 47.7 (36.3-59.0) ng/mmol creatinine (P<0.05), but not in the zileuton group. The post-exposure increase of LTB(4) levels in NAL fluid was totally abolished in the zileuton group (P<0.05 vs. the placebo). The levels of exhaled NO increased significantly (P<0.01), two-fold in both groups. The PGD(2) metabolite 9alpha, 11beta-PGF(2) increased in placebo-treated subjects (P<0.01; P<0.05 vs. zileuton), strengthening mast cell participation. Neutrophil counts and levels of IL-6 in peripheral blood increased in both groups, with a significantly larger increase in zileuton treated subjects (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively compared to placebo). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with clinically recommended doses of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton did not affect the increase of bronchial reactivity induced by swine dust exposure. The intervention totally abolished the LTB(4) release in NAL fluid, but only partially inhibited the formation of leukotrienes as monitored by urinary levels. The enhanced increase of neutrophils and IL-6 in peripheral blood in the zileuton group, suggests that inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase may have pro-inflammatory effects.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 3. |
- Gerdle, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of Sex, Education, and Country of Birth on Clinical Presentations and Overall Outcomes of Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation in Chronic Pain Patients : A Cohort Study from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the effects of sex, education, and country of birth on clinical presentations and outcomes of interdisciplinary multimodal pain rehabilitation programs (IMMRPs). A multivariate improvement score (MIS) and two retrospective estimations of changes in pain and ability to handle life situations were used as the three overall outcomes of IMMRPs. The study population consisted of chronic pain patients within specialist care in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP) between 2008 and 2016 at baseline (n = 39,916), and for the subset participating in IMMRPs (n = 14,666). A cluster analysis based on sex, education, and country of origin revealed significant differences in the following aspects: best baseline clinical situation was for European women with university educations and the worst baseline clinical situation was for all patients born outside Europe of both sexes and different educations (i.e., moderate-large effect sizes). In addition, European women with university educations also had the most favorable overall outcomes in response to IMMRPs (small effect sizes). These results raise important questions concerning fairness and equality and need to be considered when optimizing assessments and content and delivery of IMMRPs for patients with chronic pain.
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| 4. |
- Korotkova, Marina, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-related long-term effects in adult rats by perinatal dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids.
- 2005
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 288:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies in humans have shown that perinatal nutrition affects health later in life. We have previously shown that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the maternal diet affects serum leptin levels and growth of the suckling pups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of various ratios of the dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA during the perinatal period on serum leptin, insulin, and triacylglycerol, as well as body growth in the adult offspring. During late gestation and throughout lactation, rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing 7 wt% fat, either as linseed oil (n-3 diet), soybean oil (n-6/n-3 diet), or sunflower oil (n-6 diet). At 3 wk of age, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in the serum phospholipids of the offspring were 2.5, 8.3, and 17.5, respectively. After weaning, all pups were given a standard chow. At the 28th postnatal wk, mean body weight and fasting insulin levels were significantly increased in the rats fed the n-6/n-3 diet perinatally compared with the other groups. The systolic blood pressure and serum triacylglycerol levels were only increased in adult male rats of the same group. These data suggest that the balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA during perinatal development affects several metabolic parameters in adulthood, especially in the male animals.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalences of cytochrome c oxidase negative and superpositive fibres and ragged-red fibres in the trapezius muscle of female cleaners with and without myalgia and of female healthy controls
- 2000
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Ingår i: Pain. - 1872-6623 .- 0304-3959. ; 84:2-3, s. 379-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association of cytochrome c oxidase negative fibres (COX-negative) and ragged-red fibres (RR-fibres) with work related trapezius myalgia has been proposed. Hitherto studies have been small or without control groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalences of RR-fibres and COX-negative fibres in female cleaners with (n=25) and without (n=23) trapezius myalgia and in clinically healthy female teachers (n=21). The cleaners did mainly floor cleaning requiring monotonous loading on the trapezius muscle. A questionnaire covering background data and aspects of pain (prevalence, duration, intensity and influence on daily living) was answered. Biopsies were obtained from the trapezius muscle by an open surgical technique. The three groups did not differ in prevalence of COX-negative or COX-superpositive (i.e. type-I fibres with extremely strong brownish reaction in both the COX and SDH/COX stainings) fibres. The prevalence of COX-negative fibres was age dependent. Two subgroups of RR-fibres were present when stained for COX; COX-negative (73%) and COX-superpositive (26%) fibres. Forty-two percent of the COX-negative fibres were RR-fibres and 79% of the COX-superpositive were RR-fibres. A significantly (P=0.002) higher proportion of the COX-superpositive fibres in the cleaners were RR-fibres compared to the teachers. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, occupation as cleaner and a tender point in the trapezius were significantly associated with increased prevalences of RR-fibres; a cleaner with a tender point had a 4.35 higher prevalence of RR-fibres compared to a teacher without a tender point. No correlations between other pain related variables and prevalence of RR-fibres were noted. In conclusion, RR-fibres but not COX-negative or COX-superpositive fibres were correlated with cleaning work tasks and with a tender point in the trapezius.
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| 6. |
- Palstam, Annie, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia: Explanatory factors and comparison with healthy women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46, s. 773-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia. Design: A controlled cross-sectional multi-centre study. Subjects and methods: Seventy-three women with fibromyalgia and 73 healthy women matched by occupation and physical workload were compared in terms of perceived exertion at work (0–14), muscle strength, 6-min walk test, symptoms rated by Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), work status (25–100%), fear avoidance work beliefs (0–42), physical activity at work (7–21) and physical workload (1–5). Spearman’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were conducted. Results: Perceived exertion at work was significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the reference group (p = 0.002), while physical activity at work did not differ between the groups. Physical capacity was lower and symptom severity higher in fibromyalgia compared with references (p < 0.05). In fibromyalgia, perceived exertion at work showed moderate correlation with physical activity at work, physical workload and fear avoidance work beliefs (rs = 0.53– 0.65, p < 0.001) and a fair correlation with anxiety (rs = 0.26, p = 0.027). Regression analysis indicated that the physical activity at work and fear avoidance work beliefs explained 50% of the perceived exertion at work. Conclusion: Women with fibromyalgia perceive an elevated exertion at work, which is associated with physical workrelated factors and factors related to fear and anxiety.
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| 7. |
- Sundelöf, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2021 : Resursöversikt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Sammantaget redovisas tillståndet för 107 bestånd av 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten är en beställning från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) och utgör ett viktigt kunskapsunderlag till myndighetens arbete. Den uppfyller de krav som finns inom EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik om att basera förvaltningen på bästa tillgängliga vetenskap. Denna rapport är också ett stöd till det arbete som beskrivs närmare i strategin för framtidens fiske och tillhörande handlingsplaner för vattenbruk, yrkes- och fritidsfiske som HaV och Jordbruksverket har tagit fram i dialog med fiskets och vattenbrukets intressenter.
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| 8. |
- Söderlund Schaller, Anne, 1967-
(författare)
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Impact of Pain and Evaluation of Education and Self-Care in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is not unusual for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) to suffer from both tumor and treatment-related pain that is difficult to alleviate despite individualized pharmacological treatment.The presence of concomitant various dimensions of pain in patients during the often difficult period following radiotherapy (RT) has not been elucidated. Several aspects concerning the importance of relatives for HNC patients have been addressed. However, little attention has been given to how relatives perceive patients with HNC pain and it is important to further elucidate this sparsely studied topic. Knowledge about health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in this patient group during early RT is limited and needs to be assessed in relation to diagnosis and treatment. Self-care (SC) refers to what patients do on their own to achieve, maintain, and promote optimal health and may help reduce pain for several pain conditions. The impact of patient education and SC on pain and other common HNC symptoms need further clarification.The aims of this thesis were:to describe experiences and perceptions of pain in patients with HNC shortly after RTto describe how relatives perceived the patient’s situation, especially concerning pain, and how they experienced their own situationto identify factors that impact HR-QoL during early RTto develop effective pain management strategies, maintain activities of daily living, and promote HR-QoL in patients with HNC undergoing RT using patient education and SC instruction.In paper I patients with HNC described existential pain – expressed as fear of death, meaninglessness and guilt – already during and shortly after RT. Physical pain, psychological distress and social withdrawal played a significant role. Patients with HNC who were treated with RT should also proactively be offered treatment for the various dimensions of pain.In paper II relatives described their mental stress in response to a challenging situation that required their active support to help ease the patient's difficult condition. The interviews with relatives also revealed a lack of personal knowledge and frustration over the inability to participate in patient care, as well as inadequate support from the healthcare system. Early interventions from the healthcare system on behalf of the relatives may be necessary to meet these needs.In Paper III regression models revealed that pain intensity and symptoms of depression adversely affected HR-QoL in patients with HNC during early RT. Customized prehabilitation programs aimed at preventing pain and symptoms of depression could help preserve good HR-QoL.Paper IV assessed individual patient education and SC initiatives that resulted in a tendency for lower pain intensity during a portion of RT. One way to potentially enhance the benefits of education and SC could be to improve for example patient motivation and self-efficacy, as well as to optimize supportive efforts from caregivers.In conclusion, by identifying factors that can impact HR-QoL and evaluating the effect of patient education and SC, this thesis contributes to knowledge on perceived pain and the patient’s situation during and shortly after RT in patients with HNC and their relatives. This thesis points to the need for evaluation and further development of patient education and effective SC strategies for pain in patients with HNC undergoing RT, as well as for development and evaluation of support strategies for patients with pain and their families during and after RT.
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| 9. |
- Östrand, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Stereoisomeric composition of the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Microdiprion pallipes (Hym., Diprionidae)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 13:3, s. 155-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic chemical structure of the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Microdiprion pallipes (Fallen) has earlier been identified as the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7 R/S,11 R/S)/(2R,3R,7 R/S,11 R/S)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol. We now report the results from further investigations on the male response to individual stereoisomers and to blends of stereoisomers, both in electroantennographic (EAG) recordings and in field trapping experiments. We also present our attempts to determine the stereochemistry of the compounds present in females of M. pallipes. By comparing gas chromatograms and mass spectra obtained from natural extracts with those from synthetic compounds it was found that the females contain one or more of the four (2S,3S,7 R/S,11 R/S)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol isomers (SS++-1). The active pheromone component is the corresponding propionate ester 2. In EAG experiments, males responded most strongly to five propionate ester samples, namely two four-isomer blends: SS++-2 and SR++-2, and three individual stereoisomers: SSSR-, SRRR- and SRSR-2. In a series of field trapping experiments it was found that males were attracted to the SR++-2 four-isomer blend and to the individual isomer SSSR-2. Based on the EAG-recordings and field responses of males and the stereoisomers found in the females, we suggest that the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7S,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-tridecanol (SSSR-2) is used as a main component of the sex pheromone in M. pallipes. Apparently the males react to other stereoisomers in addition to that or those produced by the females.
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| 10. |
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