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| 2. |
- Bunse, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-Temporal Interdependence of Bacteria and Phytoplankton during a Baltic Sea Spring Bloom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In temperate systems, phytoplankton spring blooms deplete inorganic nutrients and are major sources of organic matter for the microbial loop. In response to phytoplankton exudates and environmental factors, heterotrophic microbial communities are highly dynamic and change their abundance and composition both on spatial and temporal scales. Yet, most of our understanding about these processes comes from laboratory model organism studies, mesocosm experiments or single temporal transects. Spatial -temporal studies examining interactions of phytoplankton blooms and bacterioplankton community composition and function, though being highly informative, are scarce. In this study, pelagic microbial community dynamics (bacteria and phytoplankton) and environmental variables were monitored during a spring bloom across the Baltic Proper (two cruises between North Germany to Gulf of Finland). To test to what extent bacterioplankton community composition relates to the spring bloom, we used next generation amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, phytoplankton diversity analysis based on microscopy counts and population genotyping of the dominating diatom Skeletonema rnarinoi. Several phytoplankton bloom related and environmental variables were identified to influence bacterial community composition. Members of Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria dominated the bacterial community composition but the bacterial groups showed no apparent correlation with direct bloom related variables. The less abundant bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia, on the other hand, were strongly associated with phytoplankton biomass, diatom:dinoflagellate ratio, and colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM). Many bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed high niche specificities. For example, particular Bacteroidetes OTUs were associated with two distinct genetic clusters of S. marinoi. Our study revealed the complexity of interactions of bacterial taxa with inter- and intraspecific genetic variation in phytoplankton. Overall, our findings imply that biotic and abiotic factors during spring bloom influence bacterial community dynamics in a hierarchical manner.
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| 3. |
- Clark, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Island gentrification and space wars
- 2007
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Ingår i: A world of islands. - 9789993286103 ; , s. 483-512
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fromell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of airborne Palladium nanoparticles on human lung cells, endothelium and blood-A combinatory approach using three in vitro models
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of the mechanisms behind adverse health effects caused by airborne fine particles and nanoparticles (NP) is essential to improve risk assessment and identification the most critical particle exposures. While the use of automobile catalytic converters is decreasing the exhausts of harmful gases, concentrations of fine airborne particles and nanoparticles (NPs) from catalytic metals such as Palladium (Pd) are reaching their upper safe level. Here we used a combinatory approach with three in vitro model systems to study the toxicity of Pd particles, to infer their potential effects on human health upon inhalation. The three model systems are 1) a lung system with human lung cells (ALI), 2) an endothelial cell system and 3) a human whole blood loop system. All three model systems were exposed to the exact same type of Pd NPs. The ALI lung cell exposure system showed a clear reduction in cell growth from 24 h onwards and the effect persisted over a longer period of time. In the endothelial cell model, Pd NPs induced apoptosis, but not to the same extent as the most aggressive types of NPs such as TiO2. Similarly, Pd triggered clear coagulation and contact system activation but not as forcefully as the highly thrombogenic TiO2 NPs. In summary, we show that our 3-step in vitro model of the human lung and surrounding vessels can be a useful tool for studying pathological events triggered by airborne fine particles and NPs.
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| 6. |
- Godhe, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Physical barriers and environmental gradients cause spatial and temporal genetic differentiation of an extensive algal bloom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43:6, s. 1130-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To test if a phytoplankton bloom is panmictic, or whether geographical and environmental factors cause spatial and temporal genetic structure.Location: Baltic Sea.Method: During four cruises, we isolated clonal strains of the diatom Skeletonema marinoifrom 9 to 10 stations along a 1132 km transect and analysed the genetic structure using eight microsatellites. Using F-statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis we determined if samples were significantly differentiated. A seascape approach was applied to examine correlations between gene flow and oceanographic connectivity, and combined partial Mantel test and RDA based variation partitioning to investigate associations with environmental gradients.Results: The bloom was initiated during the second half of March in the southern and the northern- parts of the transect, and later propagated offshore. By mid-April the bloom declined in the south, whereas high phytoplankton biomass was recorded northward. We found two significantly differentiated populations along the transect. Genotypes were significantly isolated by distance and by the south–north salinity gradient, which illustrated that the effects of distance and environment were confounded. The gene flow among the sampled stations was significantly correlated with oceanographic connectivity. The depletion of silica during the progression of the bloom was related to a temporal population genetic shift.Main conclusions: A phytoplankton bloom may propagate as a continuous cascade and yet be genetically structured over both spatial and temporal scales. The Baltic Sea spring bloom displayed strong spatial structure driven by oceanographic connectivity and geographical distance, which was enhanced by the pronounced salinity gradient. Temporal transition of conditions important for growth may induce genetic shifts and different phenotypic strategies, which serve to maintain the bloom over longer periods.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Jeanette, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotics as First-line Therapy for Acute Appendicitis: Evidence for a Change in Clinical Practice.
- 2012
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Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2323 .- 0364-2313. ; 36:9, s. 2028-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Randomized studies have indicated that acute appendicitis may be treated by antibiotics without the need of surgery. However, concerns have been raised about selection bias of patients in such studies. Therefore, the present study was aimed to validate previous findings in randomized studies by a full-scale population-based application.
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| 8. |
- Hedin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Neoliberalization of housing in Sweden : gentrification, filtering, and social polarization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 102:2, s. 443-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last twenty-five years, housing policy in Sweden has radically changed. Once forming a pillar of the comprehensive welfare system, abbreviated the “Swedish model,” neoliberal housing politics have established market-governed housing provision with a minimum of state engagement. This shift has had consequences on the social geography of housing conditions. The research reported here analyzes social geographic change in Sweden's three largest cities—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö—between 1986 and 2001, relating observed patterns of gentrification and filtering to cycles of accumulation and to neoliberalization of housing policies. First, we outline the neoliberalization of Swedish housing policies. We then present an empirical analysis of gentrification and filtering in the three cities, spanning two boom periods (1986–1991, 1996–2001) and a bust period (1991–1996). The data reveal social geographic polarization manifested in the growth of supergentrification and low-income filtering. The analysis also introduces the concept of ordinary gentrification, supporting the move in gentrification research toward a broad generic conception of the process. Political reforms after 2001 are summarized and we argue that these underlie the continued increase in inequality and that the social geographic polarization mapped between 1986 and 2001 has probably intensified during this decade.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Liu, Bojing, et al.
(författare)
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β2-adrenoreceptor agonists, montelukast, and Parkinson's disease risk
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 93:5, s. 1023-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the association between montelukast use, beta 2-adrenoreceptor (beta 2AR) agonist use, and later Parkinson disease (PD).Methods: We ascertained use of beta 2AR agonists (430,885 individuals) and montelukast (23,315 individuals) from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2007, and followed 5,186,886 PD-free individuals from July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013 for incident PD diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using Cox regressions.Results: We observed 16,383 PD cases during on average 6.1 years of follow-up. Overall, use of beta 2AR agonists and montelukast were not related to PD incidence. A 38% lower PD incidence was noted among high-dose montelukast users when restricted to PD registered as the primary diagnosis.Interpretation: Overall, our data do not support inverse associations between beta 2AR agonists, montelukast, and PD. The prospect of lower PD incidence with high-dose montelukast exposure warrants further investigation, especially with adjustment for high-quality data on smoking. ANN NEUROL 2023
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