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| 3. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 6. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 7. |
- Nittby, Henrietta, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to radiation from global system for mobile communications at 1,800 MHz significantly changes gene expression in rat hippocampus and cortex
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Environmentalist. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0251-1088 .- 1573-2991. ; 28:4, s. 458-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have earlier shown that radio frequency electromagnetic fields can cause significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed rats, and also significant neuronal damage in rat brains several weeks after a 2 h exposure to a mobile phone, at 915 MHz with a global system for mobile communications (GSM) frequency modulation, at whole-body specific absorption rate values (SAR) of 200, 20, 2, and 0.2 mW/kg. We have now studied whether 6 h of exposure to the radiation from a GSM mobile test phone at 1,800 MHz (at a whole-body SAR-value of 13 mW/kg, corresponding to a brain SAR-value of 30 mW/kg) has an effect upon the gene expression pattern in rat brain cortex and hippocampus-areas where we have observed albumin leakage from capillaries into neurons and neuronal damage. Microarray analysis of 31,099 rat genes, including splicing variants, was performed in cortex and hippocampus of 8 Fischer 344 rats, 4 animals exposed to global system for mobile communications electromagnetic fields for 6 h in an anechoic chamber, one rat at a time, and 4 controls kept as long in the same anechoic chamber without exposure, also in this case one rat at a time. Gene ontology analysis (using the gene ontology categories biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components) of the differentially expressed genes of the exposed animals versus the control group revealed the following highly significant altered gene categories in both cortex and hippocampus: extracellular region, signal transducer activity, intrinsic to membrane, and integral to membrane. The fact that most of these categories are connected with membrane functions may have a relation to our earlier observation of albumin transport through brain capillaries.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Philosophical aspects of astrobiology
- 2013
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Ingår i: The History and Philosophy of Astrobiology : Perspectives on Extraterrestrial Life and the Human Mind - Perspectives on Extraterrestrial Life and the Human Mind. - : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443850353 ; , s. 29-48
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Lp-PLA2 activity and mass for prediction of incident abdominal aortic aneurysms : A prospective longitudinal cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 262, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shares several common pathways with atherosclerosis. Prospective clinical plasma biomarker studies in AAA have been hampered by the need for very large cohorts and long follow-up time. Methods We analyzed a prospective longitudinal cohort of middle-aged individuals from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (n = 5551; 1991-94). The plasma biomarkers lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 activity and mass), proneurotensin and C-reactive protein, and conventional risk factors at baseline were measured in patients with incident AAA during follow-up, and compared to individuals without a diagnosis of AAA. Subjects were followed until December 31st, 2013. Multivariable analyses were expressed in terms of hazard ratios (HR) per 1 standard deviation increment of each respective log-transformed plasma biomarker in the Cox proportional hazard models. Results Cumulative incidence of AAA was 1.5% (men 2.9%, women 0.5%) during a median follow-up period of 20.7 years. Overall, 84 individuals had an incident AAA, of whom 22 (26.2%) were operated on and 16 (19.0%) had ruptured. Mean age of individuals with incident AAA was 59.7 years at study entry and AAA was diagnosed on average 14 years later. When adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, Lp-PLA2 activity (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.15–1.72) and Lp-PLA2 mass (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.00–1.51) were independently associated with incident AAA. Conclusions The plasma biomarkers Lp-PLA2 activity and mass were markers of AAA risk and this implies that AAA is an athero-thrombotic related disease.
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| 10. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid intima-media thickness is associated with incidence of hospitalized atrial fibrillation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 233:2, s. 673-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a measure of arterial thickening and a risk predictor for myocardial infarction and stroke. It is unclear whether IMT also predicts atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the association between IMT and incidence of first AF hospitalization in a population-based cohort.
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| 11. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Red blood cell distribution width is associated with incidence of atrial fibrillation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 275:1, s. 84-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of variation in erythrocyte volume, has been associated with several cardiovascular disorders, but the relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We investigated the association between RDW and incidence of first hospitalization due to AF in a population-based cohort.
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| 12. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Response to Letter to the Editor 'Red cell distribution width in patients with atrial fibrillation'
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 275:5, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RDW is a new and easily available risk marker for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and we agree that this may encourage a wider use in clinical practice. As pointed out by Balta et al [2], the underlying causal links are unclear. The causal links could hypothetically involve some of the factors mentioned by Balta et al [2], but also properties of the red cells per se. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Foiling Optimist
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sailboat Technology. ; 2018, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the successful application of hydrofoils on the America's Cup catamarans in the past two campaigns the interest in foiling sailing craft has boosted. Foils have been fitted to a large number of yachts with great success, ranging from dinghies to ocean racers. An interesting question is whether one of the slowest racing boats in the world, the Optimist dinghy, can foil, and if so, at what minimum wind speed. The present paper presents a comprehensive design campaign to answer the two questions. The campaign includes a newly developed Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) for foiling/non-foiling conditions, a wind tunnel test of sail aerodynamics, a towing tank test of hull hydrodynamics and a large number of numerical predictions of foil characteristics. An optimum foil configuration is developed and towing tank tested with satisfactory results. The final proof of the concept is a successful on the water test with stable foiling at a speed of 12 knots.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Per A., et al.
(författare)
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Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
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| 15. |
- Aniander, Gustav
(författare)
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Improved candidate screening through tailored co-culture assays and precise tuning of protein expression
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The field of biopharmaceuticals is a rapidly growing one. In the last ten years the number of approved biopharmaceuticals has more than doubled. A major hurdle to overcome for increased availability of all the new, effective biopharmaceuticals is the cost of treatment. Much of this can be attributed to the sheer time required for their development. Owing to this, interest in improvements to the biopharmaceuticals and their development process has also rapidly increased. As costs increase the further into development a drug candidate progresses, increasing the fidelity of screening at early stages could alleviate some of the exorbitant costs of development.In paper I, we showcase a novel way of targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) to allow for TMElocalized CD40 activation. This is of interest as CD40 agonists have shown great potential for immune activation, but with systemic activation leading to severe adverse effects. The localized activation is achieved through the construction of an affinity fusion protein termed an AffiMab through fusion of a platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) targeting affibody to the heavy chain of a CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb). We demonstrate PDGFRβ-dependent activation in a variety of assays, showing that the approach merits further investigation.Building on the activation assays set up in paper I, we aim to generate an in vitro screening platform for immune cell engagers in paper II. Screening candidates for on-target off-tumor activation is essential, as such activation would lead to adverse effects and be a doselimiting factor. To screen for this, we construct a series of plasmids which upon transfecting cells allow for different levels of a cell-surface target protein to be expressed, a so-called target density panel. This is achieved through the use of hairpin forming elements in the 5’ untranslated region of the mRNA dubbed regulatory elements (RgEs). Through use of different RgEs, we show that a target density panel can be generated and validate it in activation assays with the AffiMab developed in paper I. The platforms’ uniform cell surface background due to all different levels of target being expressed in the same host cell line and tunability through use of different RgEs are features that make it interesting for further research.Finally in paper III, we construct and test an improved translation initiation site (TIS) sequence. Using previous studies on the impact of the nucleotides in the sequence on the efficacy of the TIS, we constructed a novel sequence, TISNOV. This sequence enhanced titer and quality for recombinant production of IgG1 and IgG4 in both stable and transient settings. Further research into other TIS sequences and their uses in regulating protein expression, as well as usage of the TISNOV to improve expression of difficult to express proteins such as bispecifics remain interesting.In conclusion this thesis focuses on different manners to improve and hasten development of new biopharmaceuticals through usage of new workflows, platforms, and genetic engineering strategies.
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| 18. |
- Berntsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Orosomucoid, carotid plaque, and incidence of stroke
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - 0039-2499. ; 47:7, s. 1858-1863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose - Orosomucoid (α-1-acid glycoprotein) is an acute-phase protein that has been implicated in anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and angiogenic pathways. Orosomucoid has also been associated with coronary disease and stroke. The relationship between orosomucoid, carotid plaque, and stroke incidence were explored in this study. Methods - Plasma levels of orosomucoid were assessed in 4285 subjects (39.8% men; mean age 57.5±5.9 years) without cardiovascular disease, who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, between 1991 and 1994. The right carotid artery was examined for plaque using B-mode ultrasound examination. Incidence of stroke was followed up during a median follow-up time of 17.7 years. Results - Carotid plaque was present in 43.5% at baseline. Orosomucoid was significantly higher in subjects with carotid plaque (mean±SD: 0.72±0.22 versus 0.69±0.20 g/L; P
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| 19. |
- Borné, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Increased plasma level of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with incidence of heart failure but not atrial fibrillation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 16:4, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in plasma is a novel inflammatory marker thought to be released from the cell surface of neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages. Other inflammatory markers, mainly acute phase proteins produced in the liver, have been associated with the incidence of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the association between suPAR and incident HF and AF in a population-based cohort.
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| 20. |
- Borsgård, Gustav, 1984-
(författare)
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Litteraturens mått : politiska implikationer av litteraturundervisning som demokrati- och värdegrundsarbete
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingens syfte är att undersöka politiska implikationer av idén om litteraturundervisning som demokrati- och värdegrundsarbete i förhållande till det ideal om mätbar kunskap som präglar samtidens utbildningspolicydiskurser. Det som står i fokus är 2011 års gymnasiereform, som tolkas mot bakgrund av en genomgripande förändring av den globala och europeiska utbildningspolicydiskursen från och med millennieskiftet. Avhandlingen undersöker hur subjekt, samhälle och relationen däremellan förstås av aktörer inom policy, forskning och av lärare. Analysen är uppdelad i en transnationell nivå, en nationell nivå och en didaktisk nivå. Avhandlingen visar också hur policydiskurser rekontextualiseras mellan de olika nivåerna.Vad gäller den transnationella nivån visar avhandlingen hur EU:s utbildningspolicy lägger stor vikt vid utbildningens samhällsekonomiska funktion samtidigt som demokratiska aspekter av utbildning tonas ned. EU framhäver även värdet av entreprenörskap och kopplar kreativitetsfrämjande aspekter av konst och humaniora till arbetsmarknaden och ekonomisk tillväxt. I ramverket till OECD:s PISA-studier lyfts reading literacy fram som viktigt för såväl kritiskt tänkande som ekonomisk utveckling. Läsningen av skönlitteratur specifikt definieras dock som en individuell angelägenhet och fritidsaktivitet. Genom att anlägga ett psykologiskt perspektiv på skönlitteraturen och lyfta fram den som en individuell – snarare än samhällelig eller strukturell – angelägenhet sker en av avpolitisering av litteraturläsningens emancipatoriska värde.Vad gäller den nationella nivån visar avhandlingen hur skolans syn på demokrati och litteratur har genomgått förändringar sedan 1940-talet. Framför allt har demokratin gradvis kommit att förstås som ett ”fullbordat” projekt, snarare än som någonting som kan utvecklas eller fördjupas. Med hjälp av Gert Biestas tre dimensioner av medborgarfostran gör avhandlingen en kritisk genomgång av tongivande teorier om litteraturundervisning som demokrati- och värdegrundsarbete, och argumenterar för att merparten av teorierna fokuserar på medborgarfostran som socialisering snarare än subjektivering. Med andra ord innebär demokratiarbetet en anpassning till, snarare än en kritik av, det omgivande samhället. Avhandlingen använder sig också av Peter Dahler-Larsens begrepp konstitutiva effekter för att visa hur 2011 års gymnasiereform tonade ned demokratiska aspekter av litteraturundervisning i förhållande till den föregående läroplanen.Vad gäller den didaktiska nivån använder sig avhandlingen av kvalitativa lärarintervjuer som visar hur lärares didaktiska val ramas in av styrdokumenten och olika administrativa uppgifter. Avhandlingen argumenterar för att lärarnas tolkning av styrdokumenten innebär ett rekontextualiseringsfält inom vilket lärarna förhandlar med läroplanens bestämmelser. I flera fall väljer lärarna att bortse från aspekter av styrdokumenten för att i stället grunda sina didaktiska val på den egna lärarerfarenheten. Det avslutande kapitlet argumenterar för att en viktig politisk implikation av idén om litteraturundervisning som demokrati- och värdegrundsarbete – i synnerhet när den kombineras med strävan efter mätbarhet – är att utbildningens subjektiveringsdimension marginaliseras. Avhandlingen argumenterar för att utbildning skulle kunna handla mindre om fastslagna värden och mätbara kompetenser, och mer om elevers behov av att lära sig hantera icke-vetande.
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| 21. |
- Börjesson Axén, Jenny, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Structural Investigation into the OCV Hysteresis of the Ni(OH)2 Electrode
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES) and Raman spectroscopy were used to study chemical changes in the polycrystalline nickel hydroxide positive electrode material of a NiMH battery at four states of charge: 0%, 50% and 100% charged, and 50% discharged. The two 50% samples were at the same state of charge but in different hysteresis states, manifested by differences in the open circuit potential. The nickel hydroxide electrodes consist of particles in the µm size range, and all measurements were performed ex situ. The material studied was taken from commercial batteries and as such contained both metallic nickel particles, cobalt, and zinc dopants in the active Ni(OH)2 material as well as a cobalt oxide surface layer. Combining the results from all the characterization methods was necessary to better understand the chemistry behind the physio-chemical hysteresis behavior in this complex system. Our results show that there are structural differences between the two 50% samples. Comparison of the XRPD results and the EXAFS results on the nickel edge indicate a presence of the kinetically favored TP2-NiOOH phase in the transition between β-Ni(OH)2 and β-NiOOH and that the amount differs between the two hysteresis states. The measurements on the zinc edge using EXAFS and XANES suggest short range differences in the active material bulk that stems from disorder. Raman spectroscopy measurements show a difference in degree of lithium intercalation in the LiCoO2 surface layer between the hysteresis states. As electrochemistry takes place on the surface of the particles, it is likely that differences in the surface structure are responsible for the open circuit voltage hysteresis. However, due to the coherence of the structure differences detected, it is probable that they are all connected and have a part in the observed behavior.
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| 22. |
- Cabrera, J., et al.
(författare)
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The planetary system around HD 190622 (TOI-1054): Measuring the gas content of low-mass planets orbiting F-stars
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Giant planets are known to dominate the long-term stability of planetary systems due to their prevailing gravitational interactions, but they are also thought to play an important role in planet formation. Observational constraints improve our understanding of planetary formation processes such as the delivery of volatile-rich planetesimals from beyond the ice line into the inner planetary system. Additional constraints may come from studies of the atmosphere, but almost all such studies of the atmosphere investigate the detection of certain species, and abundances are not routinely quantitatively measured. Aims. Accurate measurements of planetary bulk parameters-that is, mass and density-provide constraints on the inner structure and chemical composition of transiting planets. This information provides insight into properties such as the amounts of volatile species, which in turn can be related to formation and evolution processes. Methods. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) reported a planetary candidate around HD 190622 (TOI-1054), which was subsequently validated and found to merit further characterization with photometric and spectroscopic facilities. The KESPRINT collaboration used data from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) to independently confirm the planetary candidate, securing its mass, and revealing the presence of an outer giant planet in the system. The CHEOPS consortium invested telescope time in the transiting target in order to reduce the uncertainty on the radius, improving the characterization of the planet. Results. We present the discovery and characterization of the planetary system around HD 190622 (TOI-1054). This system hosts one transiting planet, which is smaller than Neptune (3.087-0.053+0.058REarth, 7.7 ± 1.0 MEarth) but has a similar bulk density (1.43 ± 0.21 g cm-3) and an orbital period of 16 days; and a giant planet, not known to be transiting, with a minimum mass of 227.0 ± 6.7 MEarth in an orbit with a period of 315 days. Conclusions. Our measurements constrain the structure and composition of the transiting planet. HD 190622b has singular properties among the known population of transiting planets, which we discuss in detail. Among the sub-Neptune-sized planets known today, this planet stands out because of its large gas content.
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt system för utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut av icke-farmakologiska sjukvårdsteknologier : en förstudie
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Behovet av ett system för nationella utvärderingar för andra sjukvårdsteknologier än läkemedel har aktualiserats. Det finns flera förslag om att införa en typ av ”behandlingsförmånsnämnd”. Socialstyrelsen, Läkemedelsverket, SBU och TLV har gemensamt uppdragit åt Centrum för utvärdering av medicinsk teknologi (CMT) vid Linköpings universitet att genomföra en förstudie som belyser problem och analyserar förutsättningarna för nationella utvärderingar inom området. Förstudien ska ge underlag för myndigheternas ställningstagande till om det finns behov av att ta ytterligare utredningsinitiativ.Förstudiens övergripande syfte är att skapa en bakgrundsbeskrivning för hur utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut av nya icke-farmakologiska sjukvårdsteknologier genomförs i Sverige och andra länder idag. Underliggande frågeställningar som undersöks är: Hur kan man i syfte att avgränsa införandebeslut, definiera och kategorisera icke-farmakologiska teknologier?Hur är det nuvarande systemet för utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut i Sverige uppbyggt med fokus på SBU, Läkemedelsverket, Socialstyrelsen och TLV?Hur har andra länder organiserat sina system för utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut av icke-farmakologiska teknologier?Inom ramen för projektet har det inte varit möjligt att studera andra länders sjukvårdssystem i detalj på plats. Vi har varit hänvisade till beskrivningar av systemen i andra länder baserade på vetenskapliga artiklar, rapporter samt olika organisationers officiella dokument etc. som finns tillgängliga på Internet. Detta har i vissa fall kompletterats med intervjuer med nyckelpersoner. Samma sak gäller för beskrivningen av de svenska myndigheterna. Information om förekomsten av olika typer av teknologier har hämtats från officiella sammanställningar och registerdata. Vi redovisar information från sex länder där vi funnit tillräckligt med information för att preliminärt kunna besvara de frågor vi formulerat i förväg. Dessa länder är Australien, Nya Zeeland, England, Spanien, Italien, Kanada och USA.Vi drar följande slutsatser från förstudien:Det är relativt komplicerat att definiera vad vi menar med andra sjukvårdsteknologier än de som är baserade på läkemedel och avgränsa de teknologier som kan tänkas bli föremål för en reglering. Vårt praktiska försök att beskriva de teknologier som SBU Alert utvärderat visar:att kirurgiska åtgärder och medicinska åtgärder dominerar men även förhållandevis många screeningprogram har blivit utvärderade,att bland insatsfaktorerna dominerar medicinteknisk utrustning tillsammans med läkemedel. Aktiva implantat och biologiska produkter är också relativt vanligt förekommande. Hjälpmedel och dentala produkter ingår nästan inte alls som primär insatsfaktor,att de allra flesta teknologier används primärt i behandlande syfte. Diagnostiska teknologier är också relativt vanliga.När vi tar bort läkemedel ur sammanställningen och kombinerar åtgärd och insatsfaktor bildas 18 olika kategorier av sjukvårdteknologier som SBU Alert utvärderat. Här dominerar kombinationen kirurgisk åtgärd och medicinteknisk utrustning. Därefter följer kirurgisk åtgärd och insättning av aktivt implantat. Vi föreslår i rapporten ett sätt att definiera och klassificera teknologier som vi funnit användbart för ändamålet. Denna utesluter inte läkemedel utan läkemedel ingår som en insatsfaktor bland flera.Ett annat syfte var att skapa en bakgrundsbeskrivning för hur utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut av nya icke-farmakologiska teknologier genomförs i Sverige och andra länder idag. Vi har identifierat ett antal centrala komponenter som vi anser är värda att beakta vid en utformning av ett nationellt system för utvärdering, prioritering och införandebeslut av nya ickefarmakologiska sjukvårdsteknologier. Dessa komponenter är:Organisatorisk nivå - På vilken organisatorisk nivå bör införandebeslut avicke-farmakologiska sjukvårdsteknologier ske?Omfattning- Bör man vara allomfattande eller selektiv vid inklusion/urval avsjukvårdsteknologier för utvärdering?Baspaket - Bör det finnas en baslista som visar vad som finansieras medoffentliga medel eller är det tillräckligt att enbart redovisa nya beslut påmarginalen?Mångfald av aktörer - Bör det vara en eller många aktörer som svarar förutvärdering, prioritering och beslut om finansiering?Faktaproducent - Vem är lämpligast att tillhandahålla faktaunderlaget?Öppenhet - Hur öppen bör man vara i sin redovisning av beslutsprocess ochresultat?Politisk involvering - Hur politiskt oberoende bör besluten vara?Budgetansvar - Bör det finnas ett budgetansvar hos den enhet som rekommenderar eller fattar införandebeslut?Nytt och gammalt - Bör besluten gälla både införande av nya teknologier och tmönstring av gamla?Värdegrund – Bör det finnas en explicit värdegrund för prioriteringar och hur bör den utformas?Omprövning - Bör det finnas en mekanism för omprövning av beslut?Sammanfattningsvis ser vi en utveckling i andra länder som går i riktning mot en ökad grad av utvärdering och prioritering vid beslut avseende införande av andra sjukvårdsteknologier än läkemedel. Vårt preliminära intryck är att i stort sett samtliga system vi studerat fortfarande är under utveckling och att de ännu inte funnit sina former. I t.ex. Australien och Nya Zeeland känner vi till att pågår det utredningar som föreslår eller ska komma med förslag till förbättringar.Våra än så länge begränsade studier av olika länders system har visat att det inte finns något perfekt system att kopiera direkt. Sättet på vilket de olika systemen är uppbyggda hänger delvis samman med hur respektive lands sjukvård är organiserad och hur mycket resurser som man har valt att avsätta för detta ändamål. Resultatet från förstudien visar emellertid att det finns ett antal länder som har större erfarenhet av ”godkännande” av icke-läkemedelsbaserade teknologier än vad vi har i Sverige. De mest intressanta länderna är England, Nya Zeeland, Kanada och Australien. Möjligen kan Spanien också vara av intresse. Det finns därför stor anledning att överväga hur man på bästa sätt kan fördjupa sig i dessa länders system och komplettera med erfarenheter från ytterligare några länder som vi inte haft möjlighet att studera i förstudien. Dit hör Nederländerna, Israel, Frankrike och Norge.För att kunna bli skarpare i analysen av andra system vid ett eventuellt fortsatt arbete bör man antagligen utgå från en eller flera modeller för en svensk mekanism. För att komma fram till en eller flera sådana tentativa modeller bör landstingen involveras i arbetet. Detta kan ske genom att arrangera en workshop med representanter från myndigheter, landstingen och yrkesförbund som tillsammans tar ställning till och vidareutvecklar preliminära modeller som sedan kan analyseras och diskuteras i ljuset av erfarenheter från andra länder.
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| 24. |
- Ceberg, Crister, et al.
(författare)
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Photon activation therapy of RG2 glioma carrying Fischer rats using stable thallium and monochromatic synchrotron radiation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 57:24, s. 8377-8391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 75 RG2 glioma-carrying Fischer rats were treated by photon activation therapy (PAT) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and stable thallium. Three groups were treated with thallium in combination with radiation at different energy; immediately below and above the thallium K-edge, and at 50 keV. Three control groups were given irradiation only, thallium only, or no treatment at all. For animals receiving thallium in combination with radiation to 15 Gy at 50 keV, the median survival time was 30 days, which was 67% longer than for the untreated controls (p = 0.0020) and 36% longer than for the group treated with radiation alone (not significant). Treatment with thallium and radiation at the higher energy levels were not effective at the given absorbed dose and thallium concentration. In the groups treated at 50 keV and above the K-edge, several animals exhibited extensive and sometimes contra-lateral edema, neuronal death and frank tissue necrosis. No such marked changes were seen in the other groups. The results were discussed with reference to Monte Carlo calculated electron energy spectra and dose enhancement factors.
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| 25. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Response to letter to the editor 'Is red cell distribution width a biomarker in risk assessment of diabetes mellitus?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 276:5, s. 538-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We thank Dr Kurt and colleagues for their comments and interest in our study. High red cell distribution width (RDW) is a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular mortality [2-4]. In a recent paper in the Journal of Internal Medicine we reported that low RDW is associated with increased incidence of diabetes [1]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Fagerberg, Björn, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating cadmium concentration and risk of aortic aneurysms: A nested case-control study within the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 261, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Diet and smoking expose the general population to cadmium (Cd), which is a toxic metal that accumulates in the arterial wall. In experimental studies, Cd causes reductions in proliferation of smooth muscle cells and cellular synthesis of procollagen. The aim of this study was to examine whether blood Cd levels, a valid measure of Cd exposure, are associated with increased risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: All middle-aged men and women enrolled in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (n = 30 447) were followed from the baseline examination in 1991-1996 through 2009. A total of 297 cases with AAA and two randomly selected control subjects for each case, matched for age and sex, were included. Blood Cd was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Diagnoses of AAA, thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection were obtained from registers. Results: Increased blood Cd was associated with increased risk of incident AAA after adjustment for smoking and other established risk factors for AAA. The highest tertile of blood Cd concentrations had a rate ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 5.0) for incident AAA. Concentration of blood Cd (log transformed) was not associated with AAA in never-smokers (n = 24). Conclusions: Blood Cd levels corresponding to the upper tertile of the distribution in the age-and sex-matched control group were associated with a 2.5-fold increase in rate ratio for incident AAA. This relationship was not found in the small group of never-smokers. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 27. |
- Frisk, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative MRI without an intraoperative MRI suite : a workflow for glial tumor surgery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 166:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) has emerged as a useful tool in glioma surgery to safely improve the extent of resection. However, iMRI requires a dedicated operating room (OR) with an integrated MRI scanner solely for this purpose. Due to physical or economical restraints, this may not be feasible in all centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a non-dedicated MRI scanner at the radiology department for iMRI and to describe the workflow with special focus on time expenditure and surgical implications.METHODS: In total, 24 patients undergoing glioma surgery were included. When the resection was deemed completed, the wound was temporarily closed, and the patient, under general anesthesia, was transferred to the radiology department for iMRI, which was performed using a dedicated protocol on 1.5 or 3 T scanners. After performing iMRI the patient was returned to the OR for additional tumor resection or final wound closure. All procedural times, timestamps, and adverse events were recorded.RESULT: The median time from the decision to initiate iMRI until reopening of the wound after scanning was 68 (52-104) minutes. Residual tumors were found on iMRI in 13 patients (54%). There were no adverse events during the surgeries, transfers, transportations, or iMRI-examinations. There were no wound-related complications or infections in the postoperative period or at follow-up. There were no readmissions within 30 or 90 days due to any complication.CONCLUSION: Performing intraoperative MRI using an MRI located outside the OR department was feasible and safe with no adverse events. It did not require more time than previously reported data for dedicated iMRI scanners. This could be a viable alternative in centers without access to a dedicated iMRI suite.
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| 28. |
- Grafström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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(99m)Tc-DTPA Uptake and Electrical Impedance Measurements in Verification of In Vivo Electropermeabilization Efficiency in Rat Muscle.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 21:6, s. 623-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In vivo electropermeabilization of cell membranes in rat muscle tissue cause a significant decrease of the electrical impedance, in the frequency region of 1-10 kHz. We aimed to study how the Tc-99m-DTPA uptake in the electropermeabilized region correlates to the change of admittance Y = 1/absZ, where Z is the measured impedance. Methods: The electropermeabilization was performed in vivo by applying high-voltage (0.5-2 kV) short (0.1-2 ms) pulses through gold-plated needle electrodes in skeletal muscle. The impedance was measured before and after each electropermeabilization pulse. The uptake of Tc-99m-DTPA uptake in the electropermeabilized region was measured after 6 and 24 hours with a gamma camera. Results: The pulse shape (square and exponential), duration, and amplitude of the applied electric field were varied, and electropermeabilization efficiency was evaluated using the various measurement modalities. Good correlations were found (correlation coefficient approximate to 0.9) between the Tc-99m-DTPA uptake in the electropermeabilized and control "region of interest" the admittance ratio Y (post-treatment)/Y (pretreatment), and charge displacement parameter Q. Conclusion: The electrical impedance measurements method can be utilized in clinical settings to verify the efficiency of electropermeabilization applied to chemotherapy and to power RNAi (RNA-interference) and DNA-plasmid transfection in vaccination, immunization, and gene-therapy.
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| 29. |
- Grafström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-9230. ; 77, s. 257-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to mimic the real life situation, with often life-long exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, we have investigated in a rat model the effects of repeated exposures under a long period to Global System for Mobile Communication-900MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed once weekly in a 2-h period, for totally 55 weeks, at different average whole-body specific absorption rates (SAR) (of in average 0.6 and 60mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period). The animals were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber (TEM-cell) to radiation emitted by a GSM-900 test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After behavioural tests, 5-7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were evaluated for histopathological alterations such as albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation and signs of cytoskeletal and neuritic neuronal changes of the type seen in human ageing. In this study, no significant alteration of any these histopathological parameters was found, when comparing the GSM exposed animals to the sham exposed controls.
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| 30. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskreproduktion i naturtyperna estuarier (1130) och laguner (1150) i Bottenviken och Bottenhavet : Pilotdrift och utvärdering 2014
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport presenterar en pilotdrift av uppföljning av fiskreproduktion i habitatdirektivets naturtyper laguner 1150 och estuarier 1130 enligt Havs- och vattenmyndighetens föreslagna undersökningstyp Yngelprovfiske med små undervattensdetonationer. Syftet var att undersöka hur provfiske enligt den framtagna manualen fungerar i stor skala och hur väl metoden möter kraven för biogeografisk uppföljning. Undersökningen omfattade 42 områden av naturtyp laguner (naturtypskod1150) och estuarier (naturtypskod 1130) i havsbassängerna Bottenhavet och Bottenviken. Hälften av områdena ingår i naturvårdsnätverket Natura 2000 och hälften saknar motsvarande skydd. Resultaten visar stor variation mellan områden och provtagningsstationer samt att mycket litet av variansen i fiskyngelsamhället kan härledas till bassäng, naturtyp och naturskydd. Tidigare studier har visat att öppenhet mot havet och vattnets utbytestid är starka strukturerande faktorer för både fiskyngel och bottenvegetation. För att förklara variationen mellan områden är det därför önskvärt att hänsyn tas till åtminstone dessa faktorer vid inventeringar och analyser. Resultaten ger stöd åt biogeografisk uppföljning på marin atlantisk och baltisk nivå så till vida att de två undersökta östersjöbassängerna sinsemellan uppvisade mycket små skillnader. En jämförelse med Egentliga Östersjön samt med marin atlantisk region bör genomföras för att vidare undersöka detta. Att skillnaderna var små mellan naturtyperna laguner och estuarier indikerar att denna indelning har låg biologisk relevans. Merparten av de områden som valts ut som estuarier i föreliggande studie uppfyller dock inte Naturvårdsverkets kriterier för naturtypen då årsmedelvattenföringen till områdena är alltför låg. Dessa områden måste därför anses vara tveksamma representanter för naturtyp estuarier. Precisionsberäkningar visar att flera variabler (antalet arter, antalet typiska arter, Shannons diversitetsindex och andelen rovfisk) var möjliga att med uppdragets omfattning provta på acceptabel nivå. Precisionen för abundans av enskilda arter av fiskyngel var dock dålig vilket försvårar uppföljning av bevarandestatus med nuvarande målindikator för rekrytering. I rapporten diskuteras för- och nackdelar med undersökningstypen. Förslag lämnas för att förtydliga och förbättra manualen, sett inte bara till själva provfisket utan också vad gäller förberedelser och efterarbete. Projektet är ett samarbete mellan Havs- och vattenmyndigheten och ArtDatabanken samt länsstyrelserna i Uppsala, Gävleborgs, Västernorrlands, Västerbottens och Norrbottens län. Provfiske och resultatredovisning utfördes av Naturvatten AB i samarbete med JP Aquakonsult KB, Hydrophyta Ekologikonsult, Hansen EcoResearch samt Aquanalys med Länsstyrelsen i Gävleborg som beställare.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hansson, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Losing sense of fairness: How information about a level playing field reduces selfish behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 190, s. 66-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inaccurate beliefs about procedural fairness often motivate people to act in self-serving and selfish manners. We investigate whether information about a level playing field might mitigate such behaviors. In a pre-registered behavioral experiment ( n = 4 4 4), using a competitive and real-effort task, we manipulate whether participants are informed about the fairness of a competition or not. Following the competition, participants (who either won or lost the competition) decided how to distribute earnings between themselves and their opponent. We show that informing participants about the fairness of the competition reduces selfish behavior among losers, while behavior among winners remains unaffected. Moreover, we show that losers who were not informed about the fairness of the competition incorrectly viewed it as having been unfairly stacked against them (i.e., believing that they encountered significantly more difficult tasks than their opponents). Our findings suggest that information about a level playing field reduces selfish behavior and is important for understanding when and why motivated reasoning about procedural fairness helps people uphold a positive self-image. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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| 33. |
- Hansson, Kajsa, 1991-
(författare)
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Moral Illusions
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Just as optical illusions can trick our visual senses, our moral sense can be misguided by moral illusions. In this thesis, I investigate whether moral illusions can arise from mental shortcuts (availability bias), cognitive biases (attribution bias), contextual factors (possibility to avoid information), and decision rules (democratic decision-making).The results in the thesis provide two main findings. First, I find that moral illusions occur in competitive situations where many people compete for the same reward. In Essay I, I find that inaccurate beliefs about procedural fairness can motivate people to act selfishly, and that simple information cues about procedural fairness can reduce such behavior. In Essay II, I demonstrate that increased confidence has polarizing effects on meritocratic beliefs and that success (as opposed to failure) decreases preferences for redistribution. Second, the results show that moral behavior can be surprisingly similar across contextual factors. In Essay III, I find that the possibility to avoid information about other people’s the efforts has limited effects on selfish behavior. In Essay IV, the results show no evidence that democratic decision-making, as opposed to individual decision making, increases selfish and immoral behavior.The results in the thesis suggest that our moral sense have many similarities with our visual perception. In most cases, it is not significantly affected by contextual factors. However, when the information is vague or uncertain, the brain sometimes fills in missing information and creates images that does not match with reality. The analogy between optical illusions and moral illusion can help us to better understand our own, and others’, moral behavior. We may not always agree with everyone’s interpretations of reality, but we can understand where they come from.
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| 34. |
- Hansson, Kajsa, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Voting and (im)moral behavior
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to diffusion of responsibility, majority voting may induce immoral and selfish behavior because voters are rarely solely responsible for the outcome. Across three behavioral experiments (two preregistered; n = 1983), we test this hypothesis in situations where there is a conflict between morality and material self-interest. Participants were randomly assigned to make decisions about extracting money from a charity either in an experimental referendum or individually. We find no evidence that voting induces immoral behavior. Neither do we find that people self-servingly distort their beliefs about their responsibility for the outcome when they vote. If anything, the results suggest that voting makes people less immoral.
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| 35. |
- Harre, J. V., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q′∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q′∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.
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| 36. |
- Helkkula, Teo, et al.
(författare)
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BioMEL : a translational research biobank of melanocytic lesions and melanoma
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Diagnosing invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) can be challenging due to subjectivity in distinguishing equivocal nevi, melanoma in situ and thin CMs. The underlying molecular mechanisms of progression from nevus to melanoma must be better understood. Identifying biomarkers for treatment response, diagnostics and prognostics is crucial. Using biomedical data from biobanks and population-based healthcare data, translational research can improve patient care by implementing evidence-based findings. The BioMEL biobank is a prospective, multicentre, large-scale biomedical database on equivocal nevi and all stages of primary melanoma to metastases. Its purpose is to serve as a translational resource, enabling researchers to uncover objective molecular, genotypic, phenotypic and structural differences in nevi and all stages of melanoma. The main objective is to leverage BioMEL to significantly improve diagnostics, prognostics and therapy outcomes of patients with melanoma. Methods and analysis The BioMEL biobank contains biological samples, epidemiological information and medical data from adult patients who receive routine care for melanoma. BioMEL is focused on primary and metastatic melanoma, but equivocal pigmented lesions such as clinically atypical nevi and melanoma in situ are also included. BioMEL data are gathered by questionnaires, blood sampling, tumour imaging, tissue sampling, medical records and histopathological reports. Ethics and dissemination The BioMEL biobank project is approved by the national Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2013/101, 2013/339, 2020/00469, 2021/01432 and 2022/02421-02). The datasets generated are not publicly available due to regulations related to the ethical review authority. Trial registration number NCT05446155.
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| 37. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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GABAergic anxiolytic drug in water increases migration behaviour in salmon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migration is an important life-history event in a wide range of taxa, yet many migrations are influenced by anthropogenic change. Although migration dynamics are extensively studied, the potential effects of environmental contaminants on migratory physiology are poorly understood. In this study we show that an anxiolytic drug in water can promote downward migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in both laboratory setting and in a natural river tributary. Exposing salmon smolt to a dilute concentration of a GABAA receptor agonist (oxazepam) increased migration intensity compared with untreated smolt. These results implicate that salmon migration may be affected by human-induced changes in water chemical properties, such as acidification and pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluent, via alterations in the GABAA receptor function.
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| 38. |
- Hevekerl, Heike, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Dark states in ionic oligothiophene bioprobes-evidence from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 118:22, s. 5924--5933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes (LCPs) can upon interaction with biological macromolecules change their luminescent properties, and thereby serve as conformation- and interaction-sensitive biomolecular probes. However, to exploit this in a more quantitative manner, there is a need to better understand the photophysical processes involved. We report studies of the conjugated pentameric oligothiophene, derivative p-FTAA, which changes optical properties with different p-FTAA concentrations in aqueous buffers, and in a pH and oxygen saturation dependent manner. Using dynamic light scattering, luminescence spectroscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we find evidence for a monomer dimer equilibrium, for the formation of large clusters of p-FTAA in aqueous environment, and can couple aggregation to changed emission properties of oligothiophenes. In addition, we observe the presence of at least two dark transient states, one presumably being a triplet state. Oxygen was found to statically quench the p-FTAA fluorescence but also to promote molecular fluorescence by quenching dark transient states of the p-FTAA molecules. Taken together, this study provides knowledge of fluorescence and photophysical features essential for applying p-FTAA and other oligothiophene derivatives for diagnostic purposes, including detection and staining of amyloid aggregates.
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| 39. |
- Hjelm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskyngelförekomst i grunda marina miljöer i Västernorrland 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna undersökning var att studera reproduktionen av fiskyngel i grunda marina miljöer i Västernorrlands län längs kuststräckan från Galtström i norr ner till länsgränsen mot Gävleborgs län i söder. Målsättningen är att resultaten från undersökningen ska öka kunskapen om länets värdefulla lek- och uppväxtområden för fisk. Arbetet, som finansierats av Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrlands län, har genomförts av Fil. dr Johan Persson, Fil. dr Gustav Johansson och Fil. mag. Malin Hjelm genom JP Aquakonsult under september 2008. 6
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| 40. |
- Hjelm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Grunda marina områden i Gräsö östra skärgård: inventering och studier av fiskrekrytering och undervattensvegetation sommaren 2006
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grunda havsvikar är i regel mycket viktiga reproduktions- och uppväxtmiljöer för fisk. Här finns det substrat för lek, skyddande växtlighet, föda för de snabbt växande fiskynglen och, i opåverkade områden, en lämplig uppväxtmiljö vad gäller fysikaliska och vattenkemiska betingelser. Grunt vatten i kombination med förhållandevis lång omsättningstid i skyddade vikar ger upphov till höga vattentemperaturer under vår och försommar vilket främjar fiskynglens tillväxt. Den förhöjda vattentemperaturen i trösklade grunda havsvikar anses vara en av två huvudfaktorer till varför de är så viktiga för fiskarnas reproduktion. Den andra huvudfaktorn anses vara bottenvegetationen vars positiva inverkan kan antas bero på flera olika faktorer. Förutom att utgöra leksubstrat och en skyddad miljö för fiskyngel finns stora delar av födan för fiskyngel i anknytning till växtligheten.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att översiktligt inventera grunda marina miljöer i skärgården öster och söder om Gräsö, inom det geografiska område som ingår i det planerade marina reservatet som utreds av Länsstyrelsen i Uppsala län. Med utgångspunkt från översiktsinventeringen valdes ca 20 områden ut som tänkbara objekt för noggrannainventeringar av fiskrekrytering och undervattensvegetation under sensommaren. Tillstånd för provfiske erhölls i 13 av dessa vikar, varför ej samtliga av de 20 utvalda vikarna inventerades. Målsättningen är att resultaten från undersökningen ska kunna ligga till grund för såvälmiljöövervakning av grunda marina miljöer som för skydd av skärgården öster om Gräsö. Vidare är resultaten ett stöd i Länsstyrelsens ärendehandläggning.
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| 41. |
- Hoyer, S., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the HD 108236 system with CHEOPS and TESS Confirmation of a fifth transiting planet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The HD 108236 system was first announced with the detection of four small planets based on TESS data. Shortly after, the transit of an additional planet with a period of 29.54 d was serendipitously detected by CHEOPS. In this way, HD 108236 (V = 9.2) became one of the brightest stars known to host five small transiting planets (Rp < 3 Ro˙). Aims. We characterize the planetary system by using all the data available from CHEOPS and TESS space missions. We use the flexible pointing capabilities of CHEOPS to follow up the transits of all the planets in the system, including the fifth transiting body. Methods. After updating the host star parameters by using the results from Gaia eDR3, we analyzed 16 and 43 transits observed by CHEOPS and TESS, respectively, to derive the planets' physical and orbital parameters. We carried out a timing analysis of the transits of each of the planets of HD 108236 to search for the presence of transit timing variations. Results. We derived improved values for the radius and mass of the host star (R∗ = 0.876 ± 0.007 R0 and M∗ = 0.867-0.046+0.047M). We confirm the presence of the fifth transiting planet f in a 29.54 d orbit. Thus, the HD 108236 system consists of five planets of Rb = 1.587±0.028, Rc = 2.122±0.025, Rd = 2.629 ± 0.031, Re = 3.008 ± 0.032, and Rf = 1.89 ± 0.04 [Ro˙]. We refine the transit ephemeris for each planet and find no significant transit timing variations for planets c, d, and e. For planets b and f, instead, we measure significant deviations on their transit times (up to 22 and 28 min, respectively) with a non-negligible dispersion of 9.6 and 12.6 min in their time residuals. Conclusions. We confirm the presence of planet f and find no significant evidence for a potential transiting planet in a 10.9 d orbital period, as previously suggested. Further monitoring of the transits, particularly for planets b and f, would confirm the presence of the observed transit time variations. HD 108236 thus becomes a key multi-planetary system for the study of formation and evolution processes. The reported precise results on the planetary radii - together with a profuse RV monitoring - will allow for an accurate characterization of the internal structure of these planets.
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| 42. |
- Häger, Gustav, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Disparity Distributions
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). - : IEEE. - 9781728190778 - 9781728190785
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a novel deep-learning-based approach to estimate uncertainty in stereo disparity prediction networks. Current state-of-the-art methods often formulate disparity prediction as a regression problem with a single scalar output in each pixel. This can be problematic in practical applications as in many cases there might not exist a single well defined disparity, for example in cases of occlusions or at depth-boundaries. While current neural-network-based disparity estimation approaches obtain good performance on benchmarks, the disparity prediction is treated as a black box at inference time. In this paper we show that by formulating the learning problem as a regression with a distribution target, we obtain a robust estimate of the uncertainty in each pixel, while maintaining the performance of the original method. The proposed method is evaluated both on a large-scale standard benchmark, as well on our own data. We also show that the uncertainty estimate significantly improves by maximizing the uncertainty in those pixels that have no well defined disparity during learning.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskyngelförekomst i grunda marina miljöer i Björköfjärden i Västernorrlands län sommaren 2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grunda havsvikar är ofta viktiga reproduktions- och uppväxtmiljöer för fisk. Denna undersökning redovisar resultaten från en fiskyngelstudie i grunda marina miljöer i Björköfjärden strax söder om Sundsvall i Västernorrlands län. Provtagningen, som utfördes under sommaren 2009, genomfördes med små undervattensdetonationer i fjorton delområden. Totalt fångades nio olika arter av årsyngel. Generellt kan sägas att grundområdena i Björköfjärden och angränsande områden präglades av god rekrytering av abborre och gädda. Även relativt vågexponerade miljöer hyste ovanligt gott om framförallt abborre. Trots förhållandevis hög exploateringsgrad runt Björköfjärden var fiskrekryteringen god vilket gör att man bör värna extra mycket om de vikar som bedöms ha höga eller mycket höga naturvärden. Ingrepp som exempelvis anläggande av bryggor samt muddringar bör ej få ske, alternativt tillåtas med mycket höga krav på miljöhänsyn.
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| 45. |
- Kaijser, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Two years of neurosurgical intraoperative MRI in Sweden : evaluation of use and costs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 166:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current shortage of radiology staff in healthcare provides a challenge for departments all over the world. This leads to more evaluation of how the radiology resources are used and a demand to use them in the most efficient way. Intraoperative MRI is one of many recent advancements in radiological practice. If radiology staff is performing intraoperative MRI at the operation ward, they may be impeded from performing other examinations at the radiology department, creating costs in terms of exams not being performed. Since this is a kind of cost whose importance is likely to increase, we have studied the practice of intraoperative MRI in Sweden.METHODS: The study includes data from the first four hospitals in Sweden that installed MRI scanners adjacent to the operating theaters. In addition, we included data from Karolinska University Hospital in Solna where intraoperative MRI is carried out at the radiology department.RESULTS: Scanners that were moved into the operation theater and doing no or few other scans were used 11-12% of the days. Stationary scanners adjacent to the operation room were used 35-41% of the days. For scanners situated at the radiology department doing intraoperative scans interspersed among all other scans, the proportion was 92%.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that performing exams at the radiology department rather than at several locations throughout the hospital may be an efficient approach to tackle the simultaneous trends of increasing demands for imaging and increasing staff shortages at radiology departments.
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| 46. |
- Kalliorinne, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of the Contact between Cross-Country Skis and Snow: A Micro-Scale Study Considering the Ski-Base Texture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lubricants. - : MDPI. - 2075-4442. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In winter sports, the equipment often comes into contact with snow or ice, and this contact generates a force that resists motion. In some sports, such as cross-country skiing, this resistive force can significantly affect the outcome of a race, as a small reduction in this force can give an athlete an advantage. Researchers have examined the contact between skis and snow in detail, and to fully understand this friction, the entire ski must be studied at various scales. At the macro scale, the entire geometry of the ski is considered and the apparent contact between the ski and the snow is considered and at the micro-scale the contact between the snow and the ski-base textures. In the present work, a method for characterising the contact between the ski-base texture and virtual snow will be presented. Six different ski-base textures will be considered. Five of them are stone-ground ski bases, and three of them have longitudinal linear textures with a varying number of lines and peak-to-valley heights, and the other two are factory-ground “universal” ski bases. The sixth ski base has been fabricated by a steel-scraping procedure. In general, the results show that a ski base texture with a higher ??? value has less real contact area, and that the mutual differences can be large for surfaces with similar ?? values. The average interfacial separation is, in general, correlated with the ?? value, where a “rougher” surface exhibits a larger average interfacial separation. The results for the reciprocal average interfacial separation, which is related to the Couette type of viscous friction, were in line with the general consensus that a “rougher” texture performs better at high speed than a “smoother” one, and it was found that a texture with high ?? and ??? values resulted in a low reciprocal average interfacial separation and consequently low viscous friction. The reciprocal average interfacial separation was found to increase with increasing real contact area, indicating a correlation between the real area of contact and the Couette part of the viscous friction.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Karlsen, Gustav E., et al.
(författare)
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Att förstå skolans komplexitet
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige. - 1401-6788. ; 9:3, s. 205-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of alcohol on social and personal decision making
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 47:4, s. 824-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social drinking is common, but it is unclear how moderate levels of alcohol influence decision making. Most prior studies have focused on adverse long-term effects on cognitive and executive function in people with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Some studies have investigated the acute effects of alcohol on decision making in healthy people, but have predominantly used small samples and focused on a narrow selection of tasks related to personal decision making, e.g., delay or probability discounting. Here, we conducted a large (n = 264), preregistered randomized placebo-controlled study (RCT) using a parallel group design, to systematically assess the acute effects of alcohol on measures of decision making in both personal and social domains. We found a robust effect of a 0.6 g/kg dose of alcohol on both moral judgment and altruistic behavior, but no effects on several measures of risk taking or waiting impulsivity. These findings suggest that alcohol at low to moderate doses selectively moderates decision making in the social domain, and promotes utilitarian decisions over those dictated by rule-based ethical principles (deontological). This is consistent with existing theory that emphasizes the dual roles of shortsighted information processing and salient social cues in shaping decisions made under the influence of alcohol. A better understanding of these effects is important to understand altered social functioning during alcohol intoxication.
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