| 1. |
- Fulland, John, et al.
(författare)
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Regulations and routines for approval of passenger cars adapted to drivers with disabilities : including an international survey
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents an overview of present routines and regulations concerning driving licensing and vehicle adaptation for people with physical impairments. The aim of the report is twofold: firstly, to present deficiencies in the current routines and secondly, compare Swedish conditions with those in other countries in order to provide a basis for improving the situation in Sweden. Thus, both national and international conditions are described in the report. In an earlier report, VTI Report 426, it was concluded that the present routines used to ensure that drivers with physical impairments are provided with the right adaptation are not satisfactory e.g. some form of adaptation evaluation is lacking. The report begins with a short description of the background and a description of how some central concepts such as impairment, disability, and handicap are used in the report. This is followed by a somewhat simplified and idealised description of what is called the mediating process i.e. from the initial assessment of fitness to drive to adaptation of the car and driving licensing. After this follows a presentation of how this process is implemented and works in Sweden of today. The following sections are devoted to the conditions in the other Nordic countries. This is followed by sections dealing with some European countries and what the EU member states have in common. The next sections are devoted to some countries outside Europe. Standards and competence centres have been considered so important in this context that these subjects are dealt with in separate sections. The report ends with some conclusions and recommendations concerning test/assessment of fitness to drive, driving test and vehicle inspection, adaptation evaluation, standards and directives, and competence centres. The authors' intention is that the report will be used as a bank of ideas for future work involving improvements of the mediating process in Sweden, in particular with respect to adaptation evaluation.
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| 2. |
- Barbeito, Ignacio, et al.
(författare)
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Production of genetically improved silver birch plantations in southern and central Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investing in planting genetically unproved silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in Swedish plantations requires understanding how birch stands will develop over their entire rotation. Previous studies have indicated relatively low production of birch compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). This could result from using unrepresentative basic data, collected from unimproved, naturally-regenerated birch (Betula spp.) growing on inventory plots often located in coniferous stands. The objective of this study was to develop a basal area development function of improved silver birch and evaluate production over a full rotation period. We used data from 52 experiments including planted silver birch of different genetic breeding levels in southern and central Sweden. The experimental plots were established on fertile forest sites and on former agricultural lands, and were managed with different numbers of thinnings and basal area removal regimes. The model best describing total stand basal area development was a dynamic equation derived from the Korf base model. The analysis of the realized gain trial for birch showed a good stability of the early calculated relative differences in basal area between tested genotypes over time. Thus, the relative difference in basal area might be with cautious used as representation of the realized genetic gain. On average forest sites in southern Sweden, improved and planted silver birch could produce between 6-10.5 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1), while on fertile agriculture land the average productivity might be higher, especially with material coming from the improvement program. The performed analysis provided a first step toward predicting the effects of genetic improvement on total volume production and profitability of silver birch. However, more experiments arc needed to set up the relative differences between different improved material.
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| 3. |
- Barbeito, Ignacio
(författare)
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Pan-European sustainable forest management indicators for assessing Climate-Smart Forestry in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 51, s. 1741-1750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing demand for innovative forest management strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change and benefit forest production, the so-called Climate-Smart Forestry, calls for a tool to monitor and evaluate their implementation and their effects on forest development over time. The pan-European set of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management is considered one of the most important tools for assessing many aspects of forest management and sustainability. This study offers an analytical approach to selecting a subset of indicators to support the implementation of Climate-Smart Forestry. Based on a literature review and the analytical hierarchical approach, 10 indicators were selected to assess, in particular, mitigation and adaptation. These indicators were used to assess the state of the Climate-Smart Forestry trend in Europe from 1990 to 2015 using data from the reports on the State of Europe's Forests. Forest damage, tree species composition, and carbon stock were the most important indicators. Though the trend was overall positive with regard to adaptation and mitigation, its evaluation was partly hindered by the lack of data. We advocate for increased efforts to harmonize international reporting and for further integrating the goals of Climate-Smart Forestry into national-and European-level forest policy making.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Faming, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of an Empirical Equation to Predict Sweating Skin Surface Temperature for Thermal Manikins
- 2010
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Ingår i: Textile Bioengineering and Informatics Symposium Proceedings. - 1942-3438. ; 1-3, s. 1213-1218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal manikins are useful tools to study the clothing comfort and environmental ergonomics. The simulation of sweating can be achieved by putting a highly wicking stretchable knit fabric “skin” on top of the manikin. However, the addition of such a fabric skin makes it is difficult to accurately measure the skin surface temperature. Moreover, it takes considerable amount of time to measure the fabric skin surface temperature for each test. At present the attachment of temperature sensors to the wet fabric skin is still a challenge. The distance of the sensors to the fabric skin could significantly influence the temperature and relative humidity values of the wet skin surface. Hence, we conducted an intensive skin study on a dry thermal manikin to investigate the relationships among the nude manikin surface temperature, heat losses and the fabric skin surface temperature. An empirical equation was developed and validated on the thermal manikin "Tore" at Lund University. The empirical equation at ambient temperature 34 oC is Tsk =34.00- 0.0103HL. This equation can be used to enhance the prediction accuracy on the sweating skin surface temperature and the calculation of clothing evaporative resistance.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Vornanen, Vesa-Jukka, et al.
(författare)
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Mutual Trust: Joint Performance of an Operations Strategy Implementation—Securing the Value Chain by Preparedness
- 2018
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Ingår i: Managing Public Trust. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319704845 - 9783319704852 ; , s. 175-190
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses mutual trust in the daily construction of public safety. The chapter is based on the corresponding author’s article-based dissertation, with work connecting joint research articles to his action research. In doing so, this chapter summarizes the implementation of the strategy and how it has been studied. The research is limited to a municipal facilities’ service unit that aims to secure a common value chain for all situations. To do this, joint performance is required. The study is based on action research, with the use of mixed methods. The study utilized the resource-based view theory and empirically employs the balanced critical factor index method for managing the unit.
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| 7. |
- Gaitonde, Rakhal, et al.
(författare)
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Accountability in the health system of Tamil Nadu, India : exploring its multiple meanings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - : BMC. - 1478-4505 .- 1478-4505. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accountability is increasingly being demanded of public services and is a core aspect of most recent frameworks of health system strengthening. Community-based accountability is an increasingly used strategy, and wasa core aspect of India's flagship National Rural Health Mission (NRHM; 2005-2014). Research on policy implementation has called for policy analysts to go beyond the superficial articulation of a particular policy intervention to study the underlying meaning this has for policy-makers and other actors of the implementation process and to the way in which problems sought to be addressed by the policy have been identified and problematised'.Methods: This research, focused on state level officials and health NGO leaders, explores the meanings attached to the concept of accountability among a number of key actors during the implementation of the NRHM in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The overall research was guided by an interpretive approach to policy analysis and the problematisation lens. Through in-depth interviews we draw on the interviewees' perspectives on accountability.Results: The research identifies three distinct perspectives on accountability among the key actors involved in the implementation of the NRHM. One perspective views accountability as the achievement of pre-set targets, the other as efficiency in achieving these targets, and the final one as a transformative process that equalises power differentials between communities and the public health system. We also present the ways in which these differences in perspectives are associated with different programme designs.Conclusions: This research underlines the importance of going beyond the statements of policy to exploring the underlying beliefs and perspectives in order to more comprehensively understand the dynamics of policy implementation; it further points to the impacts of these perspectives on the design of initiatives in response to the policy.
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| 8. |
- Fullbrook, Liam R., et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive evaluation of passive tags show no adverse effects in an economically important crustacean
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836. ; 187, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Animal tagging can reveal important information about population size, growth and survivorship, however the accuracy of this information relies on establishing that tags are retained and that there are no adverse tag-associated effects. A suite of potential effects associated with Coded Wire Tags (CWTs) was investigated in captive and in wild Nephrops norvegicus. The study included a total of 232 N. norvegicus (107 tagged and 125 untagged) which were held captive in the laboratory over 12 months. No tag loss was recorded in these captive N. norvegicus despite moulting having occurred in 77/107 tagged individuals. Recovery of tags from the initial tagging site or otherwise was compared in captive and wild animals by tagging and releasing an additional 205 N. norvegicus into Clew Bay, Co. Mayo in Ireland, and recapturing them approximately one year later. Tag movement away for the site of injection consistently occurred in ∼23% of cases (all treatments combined). In ∼10% of individuals, tags were found at the individual's extremities and, due to their precarious position, these tags would certainly have been lost during the next moult. However, tag movement was very consistent across groups organized by sex (male/female), mobility (captive/wild) and growth increment (high/low), therefore the proportion of tags lost during longer experiments is not predicted to be biased across these groupings. Mortality was not increased in tagged individuals relative to controls in large (above median) or small (below median) size classes in either males or females. In fact, mortality was reduced in tagged females of both sizes compared with the untagged group. An apparently positive effect of tags was that the frequency of moulting was higher in tagged males and females compared with their untagged counterparts. Differences in growth increment at moult were also seen in males, with tagged individuals growing up to 50% more. While the latter was conceivably a sampling artifact, the beneficial effect of tags on moulting warrants further study. Overall, the results indicate no negative effects of CWTs on N. norvegicus growth and survival.
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