| 1. |
- Ahlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial function after epicardial microwave ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 42:3, s. 192-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study epicardial microwave ablation of concomitant atrial fibrillation and its effects on heart rhythm and atrial function during follow-up. DESIGN: The study included 20 open-heart surgery patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation. Transthoracic echocardiography with flow and tissue Doppler recordings was performed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively for analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and amino terminal precursor of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). RESULTS: Fourteen of 19 patients (74%) were in sinus rhythm with no antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months. All patients in sinus rhythm had preserved left and right atrial-filling waves through atrioventricular valves during atrial contraction. Tissue velocity echocardiography on patients in sinus rhythm showed preserved atrial wall velocities, atrial strain, and atrial strain rate. Levels of natriuretic peptides tended to decrease in patients with stable sinus rhythm at one year compared to patients in atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Epicardial microwave ablation results in sinus rhythm in a majority of patients and seems to preserve atrial mechanical function
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| 2. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Suspected Aortic Stenosis by Auto Mutual Information Analysis of Murmurs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. - 9781424407873 ; , s. 1945-1948
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild sclerotic thickening of the aortic valve affects 25% of the population, and the condition causes aortic valve stenosis (AS) in 2% of adults above 65 years. Echocardiography is today the clinical standard for assessing AS. However, a cost effective and uncomplicated technique that can be used for decision support in the primary health care would be of great value. In this study, recorded phonocardiographic signals were analyzed using the first local minimum of the auto mutual information (AMI) function. The AMI method measures the complexity in the sound signal, which is related to the amount of turbulence in the blood flow and thus to the severity of the stenosis. Two previously developed phonocardiographic methods for assessing AS severity were used for comparison, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique. Twenty-nine patients with suspected AS were examined with Doppler echocardiography. The aortic jet velocity was used as a reference of AS severity, and it was found to correlate with the AMI method, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique with the correlation coefficient R = 0.82, R = 0.73 and R = 0.76, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686. ; 34:11, s. 1666-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart murmurs are often the first signs of pathological changes of the heart valves, and they are usually found during auscultation in the primary health care. Distinguishing a pathological murmur from a physiological murmur is however difficult, why an “intelligent stethoscope” with decision support abilities would be of great value. Phonocardiographic signals were acquired from 36 patients with aortic valve stenosis, mitral insufficiency or physiological murmurs, and the data were analyzed with the aim to find a suitable feature subset for automatic classification of heart murmurs. Techniques such as Shannon energy, wavelets, fractal dimensions and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract 207 features. 157 of these features have not previously been used in heart murmur classification. A multi-domain subset consisting of 14, both old and new, features was derived using Pudil’s sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method. This subset was compared with several single domain feature sets. Using neural network classification, the selected multi-domain subset gave the best results; 86% correct classifications compared to 68% for the first runner-up. In conclusion, the derived feature set was superior to the comparative sets, and seems rather robust to noisy data.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Karefylakis, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight men : a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Humana Press. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 61:3, s. 388-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Several observational studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and non-skeletal major health issues including impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity. Only a few studies have examined the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these conditions and the results are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency.Methods: This study was a prospective, placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized trial with a study period of 6 months. Forty overweight/obese men (BMI > 25 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 55 nmol/L) were randomized to receive either 2000 IU Cholecalciferol drops or the equivalent amount of drops of placebo. At baseline and follow up body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured and blood samples were obtained. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and cardiorespiratory fitness using cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The primary outcomes were changes in percentage body fat and in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results: No statistically significant difference between the placebo and the intervention group regarding changes in percentage body fat (p = 0.54) and VO2max (p = 0.90) was observed. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups concerning changes in BMI (p = 0.26), maximum load (p = 0.89) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) (p = 0.14).Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with 2000 IU/d vitamin D for 6 months does not impact body composition or maximum oxygen uptake in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Senn, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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NANOCI-Nanotechnology Based Cochlear Implant With Gapless Interface to Auditory Neurons
- 2017
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 38:8, s. E224-E231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cochlear implants (CI) restore functional hearing in the majority of deaf patients. Despite the tremendous success of these devices, some limitations remain. The bottleneck for optimal electrical stimulation with CI is caused by the anatomical gap between the electrode array and the auditory neurons in the inner ear. As a consequence, current devices are limited through 1) low frequency resolution, hence suboptimal sound quality and 2), large stimulation currents, hence high energy consumption (responsible for significant battery costs and for impeding the development of fully implantable systems). A recently completed, multinational and interdisciplinary project called NANOCI aimed at overcoming current limitations by creating a gapless interface between auditory nerve fibers and the cochlear implant electrode array. This ambitious goal was achieved in vivo by neurotrophin-induced attraction of neurites through an intra-cochlear gel-nanomatrix onto a modified nanoCI electrode array located in the scala tympani of deafened guinea pigs. Functionally, the gapless interface led to lower stimulation thresholds and a larger dynamic range in vivo, and to reduced stimulation energy requirement (up to fivefold) in an in vitro model using auditory neurons cultured on multi-electrode arrays. In conclusion, the NANOCI project yielded proof of concept that a gapless interface between auditory neurons and cochlear implant electrode arrays is feasible. These findings may be of relevance for the development of future CI systems with better sound quality and performance and lower energy consumption. The present overview/review paper summarizes the NANOCI project history and highlights achievements of the individual work packages.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ahmed, Kamran, et al.
(författare)
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Serum apolipoproteins, apoB/apoA-I ratio and objectively measured physical activity in elderly
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 45:2, s. 105-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have suggested that subjectively reported physical activity is associated with favorable apolipoproteins and apoB/apoA-I ratio but this association has not been studied much in elderly, and seldom with objective methods. The specific aim of the current study was to increase our understanding of the association between objectively measured physical activity, and apolipoproteins and apoB/apoA-I ratio in elderly subjects.Design: In a long-term follow-up of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients, a total of 89 subjects (55?88 years old) were recruited. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by ergospirometry and physical activity by accelerometry. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their activity levels (i.e. more or less than 30 minutes of moderate activity per day).Results: Only 26% (23/89) of participants achieved the recommended 30 min/day of moderate intensity activity. Objectively measured physical activity was associated with higher apolipoprotein A-I levels and smaller apoB/apoAI ratio and lower body mass index, whereas no significant association with apolipoprotein B was observed.Conclusion: The significant association of objectively measured physical activity with favorable apolipoprotein A-I levels and a apoB/apoA-I ratio stresses the importance of being physically active.
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| 10. |
- Alme, Tomas Nordheim, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic fatigue syndromes: real illnesses that people can recover from
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 41:4, s. 372-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Oslo Chronic Fatigue Consortium consists of researchers and clinicians who question the current narrative that chronic fatigue syndromes, including post-covid conditions, are incurable diseases. Instead, we propose an alternative view, based on research, which offers more hope to patients. Whilst we regard the symptoms of these conditions as real, we propose that they are more likely to reflect the brains response to a range of biological, psychological, and social factors, rather than a specific disease process. Possible causes include persistent activation of the neurobiological stress response, accompanied by associated changes in immunological, hormonal, cognitive and behavioural domains. We further propose that the symptoms are more likely to persist if they are perceived as threatening, and all activities that are perceived to worsen them are avoided. We also question the idea that the best way to cope with the illness is by prolonged rest, social isolation, and sensory deprivation.Instead, we propose that recovery is often possible if patients are helped to adopt a less threatening understanding of their symptoms and are supported in a gradual return to normal activities. Finally, we call for a much more open and constructive dialogue about these conditions. This dialogue should include a wider range of views, including those of patients who have recovered from them.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of smartphone compassion training on stress among Swedish university students : A pilot randomized trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-9762 .- 1097-4679. ; 77:4, s. 927-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the effects of a 6-week smartphone compassion training intervention on mental health.Method: Fifty-seven Swedish university students (mean age = 25, SD = 5) reporting high levels of stress were randomized to compassion training (n = 23), mindfulness (n = 19), or waitlist (n = 15).Result: Multilevel models indicated that both compassion and mindfulness training increased self-compassion compared to the waitlist, while only compassion significantly reduced stress. Between-group effect sizes for compassion compared to waitlist were large for both self-compassion (d = 1.61) and stress (d = 0.94). Compassion and mindfulness did not differ significantly, but effect sizes were in favor of compassion. Secondary outcomes indicated positive effects on emotional awareness, while no effect was found for global psychological distress.Conclusions: Our results suggest that compassion training via a smartphone application can improve self-compassion and reduce stress among university students. Future studies in larger clinical samples are warranted.
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| 12. |
- Azour, Farivar, et al.
(författare)
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Invasion rate and population characteristics of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus: effects of density and invasion history
- 2015
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Ingår i: Aquatic Biology. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 1864-7782 .- 1864-7790. ; 24:1, s. 41-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Round goby Neogobius melanostomus is currently one of the most wide-ranging invasive fish species in Europe and North America. The present study demonstrates how the distribution of round goby has expanded from 2008 to 2013 at a rate of about 30 km yr(-1) along the Danish coastline in the western Baltic Sea. Further analyses showed that fish from an established high-density round goby population were slow-growing and displayed poorer condition (weight at age and hepatosomatic index) compared to fish sampled from recently invaded locations (i.e. at the forefront of the distribution range). The established population revealed a broad age distribution and a 1:1 gender ratio, while fish from a recently invaded site were primarily of intermediate ages with a male-biased gender ratio. Otolith analyses suggested that the oldest individuals from the recently invaded area experienced superior growth conditions only in the most recent years, suggesting immigration into the area as adults. Our results suggest that intraspecific competition for food may cause continued dispersal of the species and that population demographics likely relate to invasion history.
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| 13. |
- Boström, Adrian Desai E., et al.
(författare)
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Accelerated epigenetic aging in women with emotionally unstable personality disorder and a history of suicide attempts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional unstable personality disorder (EUPD; previously borderline personality disorder, BPD) is associated with excess natural-cause mortality, comorbid medical conditions, poor health habits and stress related epigenomic alterations. Previous studies demonstrated that GrimAge – a state-of-the-art epigenetic age (EA) estimator – strongly predicts mortality risk and physiological dysregulation. Herein, we utilize the GrimAge algorithm to investigate whether women with EUPD and a history of recent suicide attempts exhibit EA acceleration (EAA) in comparison to healthy controls. Genome-wide methylation patterns were measured using the Illumina Infinum Methylation Epic BeadChip in whole blood from 97 EUPD patients and 32 healthy controls. The control group was significantly older (p < 0.0001) and reported lesser exposure to violent behavior in both youth and adulthood (p < 0.0001). Groups were otherwise comparable regarding gender, BMI, or tobacco usage (p > 0.05). EA estimator DNAmGrimAge exceeded chronological age by 8.8 and 2.3 years in the EUPD and control group, respectively. Similarly, EAA marker AgeAccelGrim was substantially higher in EUPD subjects when compared to controls, in both univariate and multivariate analyzes (p < 0.00001). Tobacco usage conferred substantial within-group effects on the EA-chronological age difference, i.e., 10.74 years (SD = 4.19) compared to 6.00 years (SD = 3.10) in the non-user EUPD group (p < 0.00001). Notably, past alcohol and substance abuse, use of psychotropic medications, global assessment of functioning, self-reported exposure to violent behavior in youth and adulthood, later completed suicide (N = 8) and age at first suicide attempt did not predict EAA in the EUPD group (p > 0.05). These results underscore the importance of addressing medical health conditions along with low-cost preventative interventions aimed at improving somatic health outcomes in EUPD, such as efforts to support cessation of tobacco use. The independency of GrimAge to other EA algorithms in this group of severely impaired EUPD patients, suggest it may have unique characteristics to evaluate risk of adverse health outcomes in context of psychiatric disorders.
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| 14. |
- Boström, Adrian Desai E., et al.
(författare)
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HPA-axis dysregulation is not associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in patients with hypersexual disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHypersexual disorder (HD) - a nonparaphilic sexual desire disorder with impulsivity component - was evaluated for inclusion as a diagnosis in the DSM-5 and the diagnosis compulsive sexual behavior disorder is included as an impulse control disorder in the ICD-11. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity is believed to affect cellular senescence and has been implicated in HD. No previous study investigated HD or HPA-axis dysregulation in relation to measures of epigenetic age (EA) acceleration.MethodsThis study reports on a case-control study set-up from a well-characterized cohort, contrasting EA predictors in relation to 60 HD patients and 33 healthy volunteers (HV) and 19 mixed HD/HV exhibiting dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppression to 73 mixed HD/HV DST controls. The genome-wide methylation pattern was measured in whole blood from 94 subjects using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip and preprocessed according to specialized protocols suitable for epigenetic age estimation. The online DNAm Age Calculator (https://dnamage.genetics.ucla.edu/) was implemented to retrieve various EA predictors, which were compared between the in-silico generated subgroups.ResultsQuality control analyses indicated strong correlations between the EA measure DNA methylation GrimAge (DNAm GrimAge – the EA clock most reliably associated with mortality risk) and chronological age in all sub-groups. The study was adequately powered to detect differences of 2.5 and 3.0 years in DNAm GrimAge minus age in relation to both HD and HPA-axis dysregulation, respectively. Baseline DNAm GrimAge exceeded chronological age by 2.8 years on average across all samples. No EA acceleration marker was associated with HD or DST suppression status (p > 0.05).ConclusionEA acceleration markers shown to be strongly predictive of physiological dysregulation and mortality-risk, are not related to HD or DST non-suppression status (measured after 0.5 mg dexamethasone). The independency of HPA-axis dysregulation to EA acceleration does not support the biological relevance of this dosage-regimen when applied to patients with HD. These findings do not support the notion of accelerated cellular senescence in HD. Studies stratifying DST non-suppressors according to established dosage-regimens in somatic settings are needed to fully elucidate the putative contribution of HPA-axis dysregulation to EA.
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| 15. |
- Boström, Adrian Desai E., et al.
(författare)
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Regional clozapine, ECT and lithium usage inversely associated with excess suicide rates in male adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced psychiatric treatments remain uncertain in preventing suicide among adolescents. Across the 21 Swedish regions, using nationwide registers between 2016-2020, we found negative correlation between adolescent excess suicide mortality (AESM) and regional frequencies of clozapine, ECT, and lithium (CEL) usage among adolescents (β = -0.613, p = 0.0003, 95% CI: -0.338, -0.889) and males (β = -0.404, p = 0.009, 95% CI: -0.130, -0.678). No correlation was found among females (p = 0.197). Highest CEL usage among male adolescents was seen in regions with lowest quartile (Q1) AESM (W = 74, p = 0.012). Regional CEL treatment frequency in 15-19-year-olds was related to lower AESM in males, reflecting potential treatment efficacy, treatment compliance or better-quality mental health care. Suicide prevention may benefit from early recognition and CEL treatment for severe mental illness in male adolescents. The results indicate association but further research, using independent samples and both prospective and observational methodologies, is needed to confirm causality.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Carling, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperparathyroidism of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 : candidate gene and parathyroid calcium sensing protein expression
- 1995
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Ingår i: Surgery. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 118:6, s. 924-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Hyperparathyroidism affects most patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). This study investigates expression of the candidate MEN1 gene phospholipase C beta 3 (PLC beta 3) and expression and function of a putative calcium sensing protein (CAS) in hyperparathyroidism of MEN 1.METHODS:In 31 parathyroid glands from 17 patients with MEN 1, CAS distribution was studied immunohistochemically and parallel sections were explored for PLC beta 3 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. Enzymatically dispersed parathyroid cells were analyzed for cytoplasmic calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i and parathyroid hormone (PTH) release.RESULTS:All glands exhibited a heterogeneously reduced CAS immunoreactivity, especially meager in nodularly assembled parathyroid cells. Calcium regulated [Ca2+]i and PTH release tended to be more deranged in the glands possessing the lowest immunostaining. Parathyroid PLC beta 3 invariably was homogeneously expressed, and this included even MEN 1 patients with reduced PLC beta 3 expression in endocrine pancreatic tumors.CONCLUSIONS:The findings support variable calcium insensitivity of [Ca2+]i and PTH release in hyperparathyroidism of MEN 1, apparently coupled to heterogeneously reduced CAS expression. For clarification of the role of PLC beta 3 in MEN 1 parathyroid tumorigenesis further study of this protein is required.
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| 18. |
- Eberhard, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Risky Alcohol Use and Comorbidity in a Swedish Adolescent Emergency Psychiatric Inpatient Population.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of addiction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7834 .- 2090-7850. ; 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Underage drinking is associated with poor mental health. Early detection for risky alcohol use is recommended,although less implemented in adolescent care. +e objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of risky alcohol use andpsychiatric comorbidity. Methods. Over a nine-month period, 145 eligible adolescents admitted to the child and adolescentemergency unit in Malmo, Sweden, were offered computerized screening with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test- ¨Consumption (AUDIT-C) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). Results. Ninety-six patients (73 girls and 23boys) agreed to participate. +e most common diagnoses were affective disorder (41%) and anxiety disorder (27%). Risky alcoholuse was found among 33% of the girls and 22% of the boys (p � 0.45) and did not differ between diagnostic categories. +ere was apositive correlation between AUDIT-C and DUDIT scores (p � 0.019). Among adolescents with risky alcohol use, 33% of the girlsand 60% of the boys also had a risky drug use. Conversely, 47% of the girls and 60% of the boys with risky drug use also had a riskyalcohol use. Conclusion. In view of the poor prognosis of risky
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hayashi, Hisamitsu, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular organization and fine structure of the human tectorial membrane : is it replenished?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 362:3, s. 513-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auditory sensitivity and frequency resolution depend on the physical properties of the basilar membrane in combination with outer hair cell-based amplification in the cochlea. The physiological role of the tectorial membrane (TM) in hair cell transduction has been controversial for decades. New insights into the TM structure and function have been gained from studies of targeted gene disruption. Several missense mutations in genes regulating the human TM structure have been described with phenotypic expressions. Here, we portray the remarkable gradient structure and molecular organization of the human TM. Ultrastructural analysis and confocal immunohistochemistry were performed in freshly fixed human cochleae obtained during surgery. Based on these findings and recent literature, we discuss the role of human TMs in hair cell activation. Moreover, the outcome proposes that the α-tectorin-positive amorphous layer of the human TM is replenished and partly undergoes regeneration during life.
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| 22. |
- Hurtig-Wennlöf, Anita, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Heart sounds are altered by open cardiac surgery
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental and clinical cardiology. - : Pulsus Group Inc.. - 1205-6626. ; 14:2, s. 18-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients have reported that they perceive their own heart sounds differently after open cardiac surgery than before the surgery. The present study was designed to investigate whether changes in heart sounds can be quantitatively measured.METHOD: Heart sounds were recorded from 57 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and from a control group of 10 subjects. The so-called Hjorth descriptors and the main frequency peak were compared before and after surgery to determine whether the characteristics of the heart sounds had changed.RESULTS: At a group level, the first heart sound was found to be significantly different after CABG surgery. Generally, the heart sounds shifted toward a lower frequency after surgery in the CABG group. No significant changes were found in the control group.CONCLUSION: Heart sounds are altered after CABG surgery. The changes are objectively quantifiable and may also be subjectively perceived by the patients.
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| 23. |
- Jokinen, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerated epigenetic aging in suicide attempters uninfluenced by high intent-to-die and choice of lethal methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide attempts (SA) are associated with excess non-suicidal mortality, putatively mediated in part by premature cellular senescence. Epigenetic age (EA) estimators of biological age have been previously demonstrated to strongly predict physiological dysregulation and mortality risk. Herein, we investigate if violent SA with high intent-to-die is predictive of epigenetics-derived estimates of biological aging. The genome-wide methylation pattern was measured using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip in whole blood of 88 suicide attempters. Subjects were stratified into two groups based on the putative risk of later committed suicide (low- [n = 58] and high-risk [n = 30]) in dependency of SA method (violent or non-violent) and/or intent-to-die (high/low). Estimators of intrinsic and extrinsic EA acceleration, one marker optimized to predict physiological dysregulation (DNAmPhenoAge/AgeAccelPheno) and one optimized to predict lifespan (DNAmGrimAge/AgeAccelGrim) were investigated for associations to severity of SA, by univariate and multivariate analyses. The study was adequately powered to detect differences of 2.2 years in AgeAccelGrim in relation to SA severity. Baseline DNAmGrimAge exceeded chronological age by 7.3 years on average across all samples, conferring a mean 24.6% increase in relation to actual age. No individual EA acceleration marker was differentiated by suicidal risk group (p > 0.1). Thus, SA per se but not severity of SA is related to EA, implicating that excess non-suicidal mortality in SA is unrelated to risk of committed suicide. Preventative healthcare efforts aimed at curtailing excess mortality after SA may benefit from acting equally powerful to recognize somatic comorbidities irrespective of the severity inherent in the act itself.
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| 24. |
- Kiotsekoglou, Anatoli, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of myocardial function in Marfan syndrome-An update
- 2017
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Ingår i: Echocardiography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 34:5, s. 760-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular assessment of patients with Marfan syndrome has normally focused on the aortic root and vascular manifestations of the disease due to the high risk of aortic dissection. Although primary myocardial impairment has long been suspected in these patients, the evidence has been controversial. Advanced echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging have proven to be effective, accurate, and more sensitive in the detection of subtle cardiac dysfunction. The application of these techniques to Marfan syndrome over the last 10 years has made significant progress in demonstrating the presence of primary myocardial impairment in these patients, but further work is still required to obtain confirmatory molecular, pathophysiological, and prognostic clinical data. Phenotypic expression of the disease has prognostic value, also suggesting potential effective medical therapy.
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| 25. |
- Lidén, Mats, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Heart Rate on Flow Measurements in Aortic Regurgitation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Heart Valve Disease. - : I C R Publishers Ltd.. - 0966-8519 .- 2053-2644. ; 26:5, s. 502-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Flow measurements using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) enable quantification of the stroke volume, regurgitant volume (RV) and regurgitant fraction (RF) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). These variables are used to assess the severity of the valve disease and for the timing of surgery. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of an increased heart rate on measurement of the RV and RF in patients with AR.METHODS: Among 13 patients with known moderate or severe AR, regurgitant flow measurements, using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging, were obtained in the ascending aorta. Flow measurements were obtained at rest and at increased heart rates after intravenous administration of atropine.RESULTS: The mean heart rate was 61 beats per min at rest and 91 beats per min after atropine administration. The RV and RF were 52 ml and 35% at rest, respectively, and 34 ml (p <0.001) and 30% (p = 0.065) at increased heart rate, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: An increased heart rate leads to a decreased RV. The RF is more stable and may therefore be preferable for severity grading in AR.
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| 26. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of trans-membrane serine protease 3 (TMPRSS3) in the human organ of Corti
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 372:3, s. 445-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TMPRSS3 (Trans-membrane Serine Protease 3) is a type II trans-membrane serine protease that has proteolytic activity essential for hearing. Mutations in the gene cause non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB8/10) in humans. Knowledge about its cellular distribution in the human inner ear may increase our understanding of its physiological role and involvement in deafness, ultimately leading to therapeutic interventions. In this study, we used super-resolution structured illumination microscopy for the first time together with transmission electron microscopy to localize the TMPRSS3 protein in the human organ of Corti. Archival human cochleae were dissected out during petroclival meningioma surgery. Microscopy with Zeiss LSM710 microscope achieved a lateral resolution of approximately 80 nm. TMPRSS3 was found to be associated with actin in both inner and outer hair cells. TMPRSS3 was located in cell surface-associated cytoskeletal bodies (surfoskelosomes) in inner and outer pillar cells and Deiters cells and in subcuticular organelles in outer hair cells. Our results suggest that TMPRSS3 proteolysis is linked to hair cell sterociliary mechanics and to the actin/microtubule networks that support cell motility and integrity.
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| 27. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Macromolecular organization and fine structure of the human basilar membrane - RELEVANCE for cochlear implantation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 360:2, s. 245-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Cochlear micromechanics and frequency tuning depend on the macromolecular organization of the basilar membrane (BM), which is still unclear in man. Novel techniques in cochlear implantation (CI) motivate further analyses of the BM. Materials and methods Normal cochleae from patients undergoing removal of life-threatening petro-clival meningioma and an autopsy specimen from a normal human were used. Laser-confocal microscopy, high resolution scanning (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) were carried out in combination. In addition, one human temporal bone was decellularized and investigated by SEM. Results The human BM consisted in four separate layers: (1) epithelial basement membrane positive for laminin-beta 2 andcollagen IV, (2) BM Bproper boolean AND composed of radial fibers expressing collagen II and XI, (3) layer of collagen IV and (4) tympanic covering layer (TCL) expressing collagen IV, fibronectin and integrin. BM thickness varied both radially and longitudinally (mean 0.55-1.16 mu m). BM was thinnest near the OHC region and laterally. Conclusions There are several important similarities and differences between the morphology of the BM in humans and animals. Unlike in animals, it does not contain a distinct pars tecta (arcuate) and pectinata. Its width increases and thickness decreases as it travels apically in the cochlea. Findings show that the human BM is thinnest and probably most vibration-sensitive at the outer pillar feet/Deiter cells at the OHCs. The inner pillar and IHCs seem situated on a fairly rigid part of the BM. The gradient design of the BM suggests that its vulnerability increases apical wards when performing hearing preservation CI surgery.
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| 28. |
- Loiske, Karin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Left and right ventricular systolic long-axis function and diastolic function in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - Oxford : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 203-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by apical wall motion abnormalities without coronary stenosis. Limited information is available on the genesis of the underlying reversible contractile disorder. Our objective in this prospective study was to investigate biventricular changes in systolic long-axis function and diastolic parameters in the acute phase and after recovery.Methods and results: Thirteen consecutive patients were examined by echocardiography and coronary angiography at admission and again by echocardiography after 3 months. Amplitudes, systolic and diastolic velocities of the mitral and tricuspid annuli and conventional diastolic parameters were measured. Systolic long-axis shortening of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) improved from 9·6 ± 2·2 mm to 11·2 ± 1·9 mm (P = 0·02) and from 21·3 ± 3·6 mm to 24·1 ± 2·8 mm (P = 0·02), respectively. LV systolic, early and late diastolic velocities measured by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler also improved, while additional conventional diastolic parameters of the LV and RV diastolic function were unchanged.Conclusions: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy temporarily affects systolic LV and RV function, while most diastolic parameters remain unchanged
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| 29. |
- Mårtensson, Mattias
(författare)
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Evaluation of Errors and Limitations in Ultrasound Imaging Systems
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are binding regulations requiring safety and efficacy aspects of medical devices. The requirements ask for documentation that the devices are safe and effective for their intended use, i.e. if a device has a measuring function it must be correct. In addition to this there are demands for quality systems describing development, manufacturing, labelling, and manufacturing of a device. The requirements are established to guarantee that non-defective medical devices are used in the routine clinical practice. The fast rates in which the imaging modalities have evolved during the last decades have resulted in numerous new diagnostic tools, such as velocity and deformation imaging in ultrasound imaging. However, it seems as if the development of evaluation methods and test routines has not been able to keep up the same pace. Two of the studies in this thesis, Study I and IV, showed that computed tomography-based and ultrasound based volume measurements can yield very disparate measurements, and that tissue Doppler imaging-based ultrasound measurements can be unreliable. Furthermore, the new ultrasound modalities impose higher demands on the ultrasound transducers. Transducers are known to be fragile, but defective transducers were less of a problem earlier when the ultrasound systems to a lesser extent were used for measurements. The two other studies, Study II and III, showed that serious transducer errors are very common, and that annual testing of the transducers is not sufficient to guarantee an error free function. The studies in the thesis indicate that the system with Notified Bodies, in accordance with the EU’s Medical Device Directive, checking the function and manufacturing of medical devices does not work entirely satisfactory. They also show that the evaluation of new methods have led to the undesirable situation, where new measuring tools, such as volume rendering from imaging systems, and tissue Doppler-based velocity and deformation imaging in echocardiography are available for clinicians without proven knowledge about their accuracy.
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| 30. |
- Mörner, Stellan, et al.
(författare)
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Parasympathetic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by heart rate variability: comparison between short-term and 24-h measurements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 25:2, s. 90-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we evaluate cardiac autonomic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by assessing heart rate variability (HRV), comparing a short-term laboratory method with an ambulatory (24-h) method, in patients with and without beta-blockade. Reduced HRV is a risk factor for adverse events in some cardiac diseases, but is not a proven risk indicator in HCM. Analysis of HRV has been based on either short- or long-term electrocardiographic recordings and previous studies in HCM have shown conflicting results. There is no consensus on which method to prefer, and we evaluate, for the first time, both short- and long-term analyses in patients with HCM. Long- and short-term HRV analyses were performed in 43 patients with HCM. They were divided in two groups, 22 patients on beta-blockade and 21 non-treated patients. As controls, 121 healthy subjects were used. Young patients without beta-blockade showed a reduction in HRV parameters reflecting parasympathetic function, both in the short- and long-term registrations, which was attenuated by beta-blockade. Parasympathetic autonomic regulation was found to be impaired in young patients with HCM. This may be of clinical relevance as abnormal autonomic function might be a substrate for malignant dysrhythmias. The impairment was attenuated by beta-blockade, which might indicate a clinically useful effect. We also show that short- and long-term methods yield similar results, suggesting that a short-term registration might be sufficient to assess HRV in patients with HCM.
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| 31. |
- Patterson, Marc C., et al.
(författare)
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Stable or improved neurological manifestations during miglustat therapy in patients from the international disease registry for Niemann-Pick disease type C : an observational cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1750-1172. ; 10, s. 65-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare neurovisceral disease characterised by progressive neurological degeneration, where the rate of neurological disease progression varies depending on age at neurological onset. We report longitudinal data on functional disease progression and safety observations in patients in the international NPC Registry who received continuous treatment with miglustat.METHODS: The NPC Registry is a prospective observational cohort of NP-C patients. Enrolled patients who received ≥1 year of continuous miglustat therapy (for ≥90 % of the observation period, with no single treatment interruption >28 days) were included in this analysis. Disability was measured using a scale rating the four domains, ambulation, manipulation, language and swallowing from 0 (normal) to 1 (worst). Neurological disease progression was analysed in all patients based on: 1) annual progression rates between enrolment and last follow up, and; 2) categorical analysis with patients categorised as 'improved/stable' if ≥3/4 domain scores were lower/unchanged, and as 'progressed' if <3 scores were lower/unchanged between enrolment and last follow-up visit.RESULTS: In total, 283 patients were enrolled from 28 centers in 13 European countries, Canada and Australia between September 2009 and October 2013; 92 patients received continuous miglustat therapy. The mean (SD) miglustat exposure during the observation period (enrolment to last follow-up) was 2.0 (0.7) years. Among 84 evaluable patients, 9 (11 %) had early-infantile (<2 years), 27 (32 %) had late-infantile (2 to <6 years), 30 (36 %) had juvenile (6 to <15 years) and 18 (21 %) had adolescent/adult (≥15 years) onset of neurological manifestations. The mean (95%CI) composite disability score among all patients was 0.37 (0.32,0.42) at enrolment and 0.44 (0.38,0.50) at last follow-up visit, and the mean annual progression rate was 0.038 (0.018,0.059). Progression of composite disability scores appeared highest among patients with neurological onset during infancy or childhood and lowest in those with adolescent/adult-onset. Overall, 59/86 evaluable patients (69 %) were categorized as improved/stable and the proportion of improved/stable patients increased with age at neurological onset. Safety findings were consistent with previous data.CONCLUSIONS: Disability status was improved/stable in the majority of patients who received continuous miglustat therapy for an average period of 2 years.
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| 32. |
- Rask, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Wnt-signalling pathway in ovarian epithelial tumours: increased expression of beta-catenin and GSK3 beta
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 89:7, s. 1298-1304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beta-catenin is involved in both cell-cell adhesion and in transcriptional regulation by the Wingless/Wnt signalling pathway. Alterations of components of this pathway have been suggested to play a central role in tumorigenesis. The present study investigated, by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, the protein expression and localisation of beta-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and lymphocyte enhancer factor-1 (Lef-1) in normal human ovaries and in epithelial ovarian tumours in vivo and in vitro. Immortalised human ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian cancer cell cells (OVCAR-3) expressed beta-catenin, APC, GSK3beta and Lef-1. Nuclear staining of beta-catenin and Lef-1 were demonstrated only in OVCAR-3 cells. There were significant increases of beta-catenin and GSK3beta, while APC was reduced in ovarian cancer compared to the normal ovary. Beta-catenin and Lef-1 were coimmunoprecipitated in ovarian tumours, but not in the normal ovary. Nuclear localisation of beta-catenin or Lef-1 could not be demonstrated in the normal ovary or in the ovarian tumours. The absence of nuclear localisation of beta-catenin could be due to an increased binding to the cadherin-alpha-catenin cell adhesion complex. In fact, we have earlier reported an increased expression of E-cadherin in ovarian adenocarcinomas. In summary, this study demonstrates an increase in the expression of components of the Wingless/Wnt pathway in malignant ovarian tumours. The increase suggests a role for this signalling pathway in cell transformation and in tumour progression. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether it is an increased participation of beta-catenin in transcriptional regulation, or in the stabilisation of cellular integrity, or both, that is the crucial event in ovarian tumorigenesis.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Rosén, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular characterization of a saline-soluble lectin from a parasitic fungus : Extensive sequence similarities between fungal lectins
- 1996
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 238:3, s. 822-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that the interactions between several parasite and pathogenic fungi and their hosts are mediated by soluble lectins present in the fungus. We have cloned and analyzed a gene encoding such a lectin (AOL) from the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (deuteromycete). The deduced primary structure of the AOL gene displayed an extensive similarity (identity 46.3%) to that of a gene encoding a lectin (ABL) recently isolated from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (basidiomycete), but not to any other fungal, microbial, plant, or animal lectins. The similarities between AOL and ABL were further demonstrated by the observation that an antibody specific for AOL cross-reacted with ABL. Together with data showing that AOL has a binding specificity that is similar to that of ABL [Rosen, S., Bergstrom, J., Karlsson, K.-A., and Tunlid, A. (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. 238, 830-837], these results indicate that AOL and ABL are members of a novel family of saline- soluble lectins present in fungi. Southern blots indicated that there is only one AOL gene in the genome encoding a subunit (monomer) of the lectin. The primary structure of AOL did not show the presence of a typical N-terminal signal sequence. Comparison of the deduced primary structure with the molecular mass of AOL as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry (16153 Da), indicated that AOL has an acetylated N-terminal but no other post- translational modifications, and that a minor isoform is formed by deamidation. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy suggested that the secondary structure of AOl contains 34% β-sheets, 21% α-helix, and 45% turns and coils.
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| 35. |
- Rydberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Serial assessment of variability in heart rate in children with the Fontan circulation.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - London : Greenwich Medical Media. - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 15:5, s. 498-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomic nervous control of the heart can be studied by analysing variability in heart rate. Although earlier studies have shown reduced variability in patients with the Fontan circulation, we are not aware of any previous study examining longitudinal changes in such children. We have examined 13 patients who had undergone total cavopulmonary connection, and 37 healthy controls matched for age and gender. The examinations included complete echocardiography, and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram for analysis of the parameters for variability in heart rate. After the Fontan procedure, three follow-up examinations were performed at a mean of 4.4 years, 5.6 and 7.2 years. Reduced variability was found in those with the Fontan circulation. A significant difference was found between patients and their controls with respect to high-frequency power at the second, p equal to 0.05, and third, p equal to 0.03, examination. The ratio of low-to-high-frequency components progressively increased in those with the Fontan circulation, a phenomenon that led to a significant difference, p equal to 0.03, at the third examination. Our study shows that, in patients with the Fontan circulation, routine ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring including analysis of variability in heart rate, detects over time a progressive sympatovagal imbalance.
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| 36. |
- Santi, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of the Extracellular Matrix in the Decellularized Mouse and Human Cochlea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1525-3961 .- 1438-7573. ; 17:3, s. 159-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decellularized tissues have been used to investigate the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a number of different tissues and species. Santi and Johnson JARO 14: 3-15 (2013) first described the decellularized inner ear in the mouse, rat, and human using scanning thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (sTSLIM). The purpose of the present investigation is to examine decellularized cochleas in the mouse and human at higher resolution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh cochleas were harvested and decellularized using detergent extraction methods. Following decellularization, the ECM of the bone, basilar membrane, spiral limbus, and ligament remained, and all of the cells were removed from the cochlea. A number of similarities and differences in the ECM of the mouse and human were observed. A novel, spirally directed structure was present on the basilar membrane and is located at the border between Hensen and Boettcher cells. These septa-like structures formed a single row in the mouse and multiple rows in the human. The basal lamina of the stria vascularis capillaries was present and appeared thicker in the human compared with the mouse. In the mouse, numerous openings beneath the spiral prominence that previously housed the root processes of the external sulcus cells were observed but in the human there was only a single row of openings. These and other anatomical differences in the ECM between the mouse and human may reflect functional differences and/or be due to aging; however, decellularized cochleas provide a new way to examine the cochlear ECM and reveal new observations.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Svensson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in heart rate variability during everyday life are linked to insulin resistance. A role of dominating sympathetic over parasympathetic nerve activity?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and assess the relationship between IR and activity of ANS using power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability (HRV).Subjects and methods: Twenty-three healthy first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (R) and 24 control subjects without family history of diabetes (C) group-matched for age, BMI and sex were included. Insulin sensitivity (M value) was assessed by hyperinsulinemic (56 mU/m2/min) euglycemic clamp. Activity of the ANS was assessed using power spectrum analysis of HRV in long-term recordings, i.e., 24-h ECG monitoring, and in short-term recordings during manoeuvres activating the ANS. Computed tomography was performed to estimate the amount and distribution of abdominal adipose tissue.Results: Insulin sensitivity (M value, mg/kg lbm/min) did not differ significantly between the R and C groups. Total spectral power (Ptot) and very low-frequency (PVLF) power was lower in R than C during 24 h ECG-recordings (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03). The best fit multiple variable linear regression model (r2 = 0.37, p < 0.001 for model) indicated that body composition (BMI) and long-term low to high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio (std β = −0.46, p = 0.001 and std β = −0.28, p = 0.003, respectively) were significantly and independently associated with the M value.Conclusion: Altered heart rate variability, assessed by power spectrum analysis, during everyday life is linked to insulin resistance. The data suggest that an increased ratio of sympathetic to parasympathetic nerve activity, occurring via both inherited and acquired mechanisms, could potentially contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Thunberg, Per, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of ejection fraction and stroke volume using single- and biplane magnetic resonance imaging of the left cardiac ventricle
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 49:9, s. 1016-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), left ventricular stroke volume (SV) and ejection fractions (EF) are occasionally calculated using single-plane and biplane ellipsoid models. In previous studies, the calculated SV and EF using single- and biplane ellipsoid models have been compared to reference values calculated from short-axis (SA) images. In these studies, however, it has been emphasized that through-plane motion of the basal SA images represents an important source of error, which may result in incorrect reference values.Purpose: To compare the calculated SV and EF using single-plane and biplane ellipsoid models with SV and EF calculated from SA images in which compensation was made for through-plane motion.Material and Methods: A group of 20 patients who underwent MRI examination were included in the study. SV and EF were calculated using the stack of SA images (which had been compensated for through-plane motion) and compared to the SV and EF calculated according to the single- and biplane ellipsoid models.Results: The mean difference between the single-plane model and the reference was -0.3±6.5 for EF and 7.2±17.1 ml for SV. Corresponding comparison between the biplane method and the reference resulted in a mean difference of 0.3±6.1 for EF and 11.8±14.9 ml for SV.Conclusion: The results from this study show that left ventricular EF can be adequately estimated using the single- and biplane ellipsoid models, while SV tends to be overestimated using both geometrical models
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| 41. |
- Thunberg, Per, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Flow and peak velocity measurements in patients with aortic valve stenosis using phase contrast MR accelerated with k-t BLAST
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0720-048X .- 1872-7727. ; 81:9, s. 2203-2207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the accuracy of velocity measurements in patients with aortic valve stenosis using phase contrast (PC) imaging accelerated with SENSE (Sensitivity Encoding) and k-t BLAST (Broad-use Linear Acquisition Speed-up Technique).Methods: Accelerated quantitative breath hold PC measurements, using SENSE and k-t BLAST, were performed in twelve patients whose aortic valve stenosis had been initially diagnosed using echocardiography. Stroke volume (SV) and peak velocity measurements were performed on each subject in three adjacent slices using both accelerating methods.Results: The peak velocities measured with PC MRI using SENSE were -8.0±9.5% lower (p<0.01) compared to the peak velocities measured with k-t BLAST and the correlation was r=0.83. The stroke volumes when using SENSE were slightly higher 0.4±17.1 ml compared to the SV obtained using k-t BLAST but the difference was not significant (p>0.05).Conclusions In this study higher peak velocities were measured in patients with aortic stenosis when combining k-t BLAST with PC MRI compared to PC MRI using SENSE. A probable explanation of this difference is the higher temporal resolution achieved in the k-t BLAST measurement. There was, however, no significant difference between calculated SV based on PC MRI using SENSE and k-t BLAST, respectively.
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| 42. |
- Thunberg, Per, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Separating the left cardiac ventricle from the atrium in short axis MR images using the equation of the atrioventricular plane
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 28:4, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short axis (SA) images obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are used to advantage in the calculation of important clinical parameters such as the ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV). A prerequisite for these calculations is the separation of the left ventricle and the left atrium. When only using the information seen in the SA images this separation can be a source of error due to the through-plane motion of the basal part of the left ventricle. In this study a method is proposed where the separation of the left ventricle and the atrium is performed by identifying the intersections of the atrioventricular plane in the SA images. The equation of the atrioventricular plane was determined in both systole and diastole using long axis and four chamber image views. Stroke volumes were measured in 20 patients using SA images where the endocardium had been delineated. The SV obtained using the new method was compared with quantitative flow measurements and the conventional technique for calculation of SV from SA images, respectively. The agreement of SV was, according to Bland-Altman analysis, 2.0 ml (95% CI -12.0 to 15.9 ml) in comparison with the flow measurements and 2.2 ml (95% CI -9.2 to 13.6 ml) compared to the conventional method. Inter- and intra-observer variability, when using the new proposed method, was small. This study shows that the identification of the left atrioventricular plane in SA images can be used in the separation of the left atrium and ventricle.
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| 43. |
- Voisin, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Many obesity-associated SNPs strongly associate with DNA methylation changes at proximal promoters and enhancers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mechanisms by which genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified in genome-wide association studies act to influence body mass remain unknown for most of these SNPs, which continue to puzzle the scientific community. Recent evidence points to the epigenetic and chromatin states of the genome as having important roles. Methods: We genotyped 355 healthy young individuals for 52 known obesity-associated SNPs and obtained DNA methylation levels in their blood using the Illumina 450 K BeadChip. Associations between alleles and methylation at proximal cytosine residues were tested using a linear model adjusted for age, sex, weight category, and a proxy for blood cell type counts. For replication in other tissues, we used two open-access datasets (skin fibroblasts, n = 62; four brain regions, n = 121-133) and an additional dataset in subcutaneous and visceral fat (n = 149). Results: We found that alleles at 28 of these obesity-associated SNPs associate with methylation levels at 107 proximal CpG sites. Out of 107 CpG sites, 38 are located in gene promoters, including genes strongly implicated in obesity (MIR148A, BDNF, PTPMT1, NR1H3, MGAT1, SCGB3A1, HOXC12, PMAIP1, PSIP1, RPS10-NUDT3, RPS10, SKOR1, MAP2K5, SIX5, AGRN, IMMP1L, ELP4, ITIH4, SEMA3G, POMC, ADCY3, SSPN, LGR4, TUFM, MIR4721, SULT1A1, SULT1A2, APOBR, CLN3, SPNS1, SH2B1, ATXN2L, and IL27). Interestingly, the associated SNPs are in known eQTLs for some of these genes. We also found that the 107 CpGs are enriched in enhancers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, our results indicate that some of these associations are not blood-specific as we successfully replicated four associations in skin fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that many obesity-associated SNPs are associated with proximal gene regulation, which was reflected by association of obesity risk allele genotypes with differential DNA methylation. This study highlights the importance of DNA methylation and other chromatin marks as a way to understand the molecular basis of genetic variants associated with human diseases and traits.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Welin, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis patients in Sweden – Healthcare utilization, treatment, morbidity, and mortality using national register data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Seizure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1059-1311. ; 53, s. 4-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study is designed to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy associated with TSC in Sweden and to describe treatment, morbidity, and mortality of TSC patients with epilepsy. Methods Register data for 2004–2014 was obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden. Patients with TSC were identified using ICD-10 codes. Epilepsy was identified using ICD-10 codes, interventions aimed to treat epilepsy, or prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs. Results The prevalence of TSC was 5.38 per 100 000 individuals. We identified 551 unique patients with TSC, of which 386 (70.1%) had epilepsy. The mean study period was 8.82 years. Antiepileptic drugs were dispensed to 97.9% of patients with epilepsy. The most prescribed antiepileptic drug was sodium valproate. Ketogenic diet was used in 6 (1.6%) patients, vagus nerve stimulation in 23 (6.0%) patients, and epilepsy surgery was performed in 25 (6.5%) patients. The mean number of outpatient visits per year was 4.70 (SD 4.17) and the mean number of inpatient days per year was 3.25 (SD 5.61). The mean number of outpatient visits per year with an ICD-10 code for epilepsy was 1.65 (SD 1.95) and the corresponding number of inpatient days was 2.06 (SD 4.50). A total of 30 patients with TSC and epilepsy died during the study period. Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in this study was in the lower range of previously reported numbers, suggesting that epilepsy may be overestimated in non-population based studies. A substantial part of the healthcare utilization was directly related to epilepsy.
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| 48. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Ingår i: 13th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated.Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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| 49. |
- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts of the EAAP 70<sup>th</sup> Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. - Ghent. - 9789086863396 ; , s. -161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated.Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Insects as food : a pilot study for industrial production
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the many papers reporting on disgust factors of eating insects in Western cultures, the interest of insects as food is increasing, not least because they are nutritious, sustainable and tasty! The time has come to take the next step by making insects available not only as delicious restaurant food, but also for industrial production of foods and meals based on insects. The sensory attributes are of greatest importance to increase understanding of insects as a main ingredient in production and shelf life. By the use of factorial designs with mealworms as main ingredient, the aim was to evaluate the sensory impact of additions such as salt, oil/water and antioxidant agent. Also the impact of particle size of the mealworms was evaluated. Cooked fresh mealworms cut or ground into different particle sizes, oil, water, salt and rosemary were blended according to a factorial design. The resulting products were evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis in addition to instrumental measurements of viscosity and colour. Nutritional contents were calculated. Results showed that particle size of the mealworms had a great impact, ie an increased particle size increased the yellowness and the perceived coarseness. Further, both viscosity and crispiness increased. An increased particle size also meant a decreased odour, probably due to decreased exposure of particle surface. Increased salt content did, as expected, increase saltiness. It also increased the nutty flavour, probably due to the polarity of Sodium Chloride. Different ratios of oil/water did not seem to impact the sensory properties. With reference to the anti-oxidative effects of carnosic acid and carnosol, addition of rosemary had a significant impact on shelf life in terms of decreased rancidity and colour changes. All samples were high in protein content. All factors, but especially particle size of the mealworm fraction, influenced the sensory attributes.
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