| 1. |
- Loftsdottir, Heidur, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of insertion sequence element IS629 inactivation of verotoxin 2 genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7
- 2017
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press. - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 364:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several anecdotal reports of insertion sequence (IS) element inactivation of verotoxin genes among enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli of the serotype O157:H7, a pathogen causing severe gastrointestinal disease in infected humans. These insertions can be expected to drastically reduce the virulence of the bacteria. IS element inactivation has been shown to be reversible in model systems, suggesting the possibility of spontaneous restoration of virulence. In this study, traditional and high-throughput sequencing was used to characterise three patterns of IS629 inactivation of verotoxin 2 genes in EHEC O157:H7, caused by insertion or insertion followed by partial deletion. At least one of the patterns of inactivation appears to have persisted several years among cattle O157:H7, indicating it has no major effect on fitness in the animal reservoir. Digital PCR was used to directly quantify the reversal rates of the insertional inactivation of a selected isolate under laboratory conditions. Inserts were found to be absent from in the order of 1/10(5) of individual genomes, with significantly higher loss frequencies observed in cultures under nutrient-poor conditions. We conclude that strains with this type of inactivation found in food or animal samples should be considered a threat to human health, and may pose a challenge for PCR-based detection methods.
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| 2. |
- Andersson K, Pernille
(författare)
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Changing the servicescape : The influence of music and self-disclosure on approach-avoidance behavior
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail context. More specifically, this thesis investigates the effect of music (ambient stimuli) and employees’ self-disclosure (social stimuli) on consumers’ Approach/Avoidance behavior in a retail store. Paper I comprised two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of the independent variable No music/Music. Likewise, experiment 2 studied the influence of the independent variable No music/Slow-tempo music/Fast-tempo music. The dependent variables in both experiments were pleasure, arousal, and the resulting Approach/Avoidance behavior. Paper II investigated the influence of the independent variable self-disclosure. The dependent variables were Approach/Avoidance behavior, measured by pleasure, arousal, liking, satisfaction, and reciprocity. The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the situation (type of purchase), retail (bank, supermarket, or electronic retail store), and stimuli (ambient or social), the internal and behavioral responses are different.
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| 3. |
- Bergh, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide compared with marrow-supported high-dose chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for high-risk breast cancer : A randomised trial
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 356:9239, s. 1384-1391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chemotherapy drug distribution varies greatly among individual patients. Therefore, we developed an individualised fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) regimen to improve outcomes in patients with high-risk early breast cancer. We then did a randomised trial to compare this individually tailored FEC regimen with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy followed by consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support. Methods: 525 women younger than 60 years of age with high-risk primary breast cancer were randomised after surgery to receive nine cycles of tailored FEC to haematological equitoxicity with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support (n=251), or three cycles of FEC at standard doses followed by high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin (CTCb), and peripheral-blood stem-cell or bone-marrow support (n=274). Both groups received locoregional radiation therapy and tamoxifen for 5 years. The primary outcome measure was relapse-free survival, and analysis was by intention to treat. Findings: At a median follow-up of 34.3 months, there were 81 breast-cancer relapses in the tailored FEC group versus 113 in the CTCb group (double triangular method p=0.04). 60 deaths occurred in the tailored FEC group and 82 in the CTCb group (log-rank p=0.12). Patients in the CTCb group experienced more grade 3 or 4 acute toxicity compared with the tailored FEC group (p<0.0001). Two treatment-related deaths (0.7%) occurred in the CTCb group. Six patients in the tailored FEC group developed acute myeloid leukaemia and three developed myelodysplastic syndrome. Interpretation: Tailored FEC with G-CSF support resulted in a significantly improved relapse-free survival and fewer grade 3 and 4 toxicities compared with marrow-supported high-dose chemotherapy with CTCb as adjuvant therapy of women with high-risk primary breast cancer.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brinkfeldt, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of PCB-integrated vibration sensors for condition monitoring of electronic systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems, InterPACK 2018. - 9780791851920
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of electronics in systems used in safety critical applications, such as for example self-driving vehicles requires new methods to assure the hardware reliability of the electronic assemblies. Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) that uses a combination of data-driven and Physics-of-Failure models is a promising approach to avoid unexpected failures in the field. However, to enable PHM based partly on Physics-of-Failure models, sensor data that measures the relevant environment loads to which the electronics is subjected during its mission life are required. In this work, the feasibility to manufacture and use integrated sensors in the inner layers of a printed circuit board (PCB) as mission load indicators measuring impacts and vibrations has been investigated. A four-layered PCB was designed in which piezoelectric sensors based on polyvinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) were printed on one of the laminate layers before the lamination process. Manufacturing of the PCB was followed by the assembly of components consisting of BGAs and QFN packages in a standard production reflow soldering process. Tests to ensure that the functionality of the sensor material was unaffected by the soldering process were performed. Results showed a yield of approximately 30 % of the sensors after the reflow soldering process. The yield was also dependent on sensor placement and possibly shape. Optimization of the sensor design and placement is expected to bring the yield to 50 % or better. The sensors responded as expected to impact tests. Delamination areas were present in the test PCBs, which requires further investigation. The delamination does not seem to be due to the presence of embedded sensors alone but rather the result of a combination of several factors. The conclusion of this work is that it is feasible to embed piezoelectric sensors in the layers of a PCB.
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| 9. |
- Brinkfeldt, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of Printed Circuit Board-Integrated Vibration Sensors for Condition Monitoring of Electronic Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Packaging. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). - 1043-7398 .- 1528-9044. ; 141:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of electronics in systems used in safety critical applications, such as self-driving vehicles, requires new methods to assure the hardware reliability of the electronic assemblies. Prognostics and health management (PHM) that uses a combination of data-driven and physics-of-failure models is a promising approach to avoid unexpected failures in the field. However, to enable PHM based partly on physics-of-failure models, sensor data that measure the relevant environment loads to which the electronics are subjected during its mission life are required. In this work, the feasibility to manufacture and use integrated sensors in the inner layers of a printed circuit board (PCB) as mission load indicators measuring impacts and vibrations has been investigated. A four-layered PCB was designed in which piezoelectric sensors based on polyvinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) were printed on one of the laminate layers before the lamination process. Manufacturing of the PCB was followed by the assembly of components consisting of ball grid arrays (BGAs) and quad flat no-leads (QFN) packages in a standard production reflow soldering process. Tests to ensure that the functionality of the sensor material was unaffected by the soldering process were performed. Results showed a yield of approximately 30% of the sensors after the reflow soldering process. The yield was also dependent on sensor placement and possibly shape. Optimization of the sensor design and placement is expected to bring the yield to 50% or better. The sensors responded as expected to impact tests. Delamination areas were present in the test PCBs, which requires further investigation. The delamination does not seem to be due to the presence of embedded sensors alone but rather the result of a combination of several factors. The conclusion of this work is that it is feasible to embed piezoelectric sensors in the layers of a PCB.
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| 10. |
- Dierkes, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fiber and growth, iron status and bowel function in children 0-5 years old: a systematic review.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As older reports indicate that diets providing high fiber intake in children 0-5 years may affect growth, iron status and bowel function, we summarized the available evidence in this systematic review.To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of high fiber intake on growth, iron and bowel function in children 0-5 years, with relevance to the Nordic and Baltic countries.Following a pre-registered protocol, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Outcomes were growth, iron metabolism and bowel function in children 0-5 years. We narratively described findings from studies that met inclusion criteria.From 5,644 identified records, five articles met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs had an overall moderate risk of bias, while the three observational studies had serious risk. Overall, we found no robust association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth. In the RCTs, higher intake of fiber had a positive effect on bowel movements and constipation. No studies on fiber intake and iron status were identified.The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive for growth and bowel function, while no assessment was made for iron status.We found no clear association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth or bowel function in young children living in affluent countries, albeit with only a limited number of studies. There is a lack of studies investigating health effects of high fiber intake in small children.
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| 11. |
- Flygt, Hjalmar, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment-free remission after a second TKI discontinuation attempt in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia re-treated with dasatinib - interim results from the DAstop2 trial.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become part of routine care for patients with a sustained deep molecular response (DMR). Approximately 50% experience a molecular relapse upon TKI cessation. Most of them quickly regain DMR upon TKI resumption. Whether these patients can achieve a second treatment-free remission (TFR) remains unclear. DAstop2 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03573596) is a prospective study including patients with a failed first TFR attempt re-treated with any TKI for ≥ one year. Upon entering the study, patients received the TKI dasatinib for additional two years. Patients with sustained DMR for ≥1 year qualified for a second TKI stop. Ninety-four patients were included between Oct 2017-Dec 2021. At the time of data analysis, 62 patients had attempted a 2nd stop. After a median follow-up of 27 months from 2nd stop, TFR rates were 61, 56 and 46% at 6, 12 and 24 months respectively. No progression to advanced stage disease was seen and 87% had re-achieved MR4 within a median of 3 months from TKI re-initiation. In summary, we show that a 2nd TFR attempt after dasatinib treatment is safe, feasible and TFR rates seem in the range of those reported in trials of a first TKI stop.
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| 12. |
- Högdahl, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in human coronary artery endothelial cells infected with Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae
- 2008
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Ingår i: APMIS. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 116:12, s. 1082-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia pneumoniae has during recent years been associated with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Chemokines, leukocyte adhesion proteins and metalloproteinases are significant for chemotaxis and attachment of leukocytes to vessel walls, and for stability of atherosclerotic plaques. To determine the ability of C. pneumoniae to elicit inflammation in a relevant target host cell, we infected human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) with a clinical isolate of C. pneumoniae. Extracellular release of five chemokines, two adhesion proteins and a metalloproteinase was measured at different time points after infection using a cytometric bead assay and ELISA. Secretion of IL-8, MCP-1, MIG, IP-10 and ICAM-1 was significantly increased 48 h after C. pneumoniae infection of HCAEC in comparison with uninfected controls. Release of RANTES occurred already 6 h after infection. C. pneumoniae did not elicit release of E-selectin or MMP-1. We conclude that C. pneumoniae induces expression of proinflammatory components in HCAEC, which would promote migration of leukocytes towards endothelial cells. This suggests that C. pneumoniae initiates and propagates vascular inflammation in ways that contribute to coronary artery disease.
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| 13. |
- Kristensson, Per, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing customer behavior towards the greener
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decade, consumers are becoming increasingly more positive toward ecological and ethical attitudes offered by means of eco-labels, reduced food waste, and fair trade (Mazar & Zhong, 2010). Consumer choice may, in this sense, reflect values and beliefs that wish for a transformation of consumption toward the more sustainable. When consumers engage in shopping, service, such as care for our planet, constitute an important value aside from the physical offering. Research shows that by choosing green offerings customers are sending altruistic signals, associated with status, allowing them to feel better (Griskevicious et al., 2012). Thus, these types of green purchases enable several service-related outcomes attractive for consumers and society.Somewhat surprisingly, real-time sales data, collected in a large and market leading grocery store in Sweden, reveal that only 20 % of the customers actually chose eco-labeled offerings on behalf of a non-labeled competitive brand. Thus, green attitudes seem to not equal green behavior. An important question therefore regard how society can change consumers to behave, i.e. choose, more environment-friendly products in line with their attitudes (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008). Drawing from this question, our research examines the effectiveness whereby different influence strategies (Cialdini, 2009) affect consumers to choose environment-friendly products on behalf of similar but competing products without label. According to the service-dominant logic, retail stores offer resources that can be integrated into a service (Vargo et al., 2010). Current directions within service management label this type of research as transformative (Anderson et al., 2013).In a field experiment, front-line employees were instructed to verbally use four different influence strategies when customers approached a fruit desk where bananas of ecological and regular brands where displayed. See table 1 for treatments and their respective theoretical background regarding influence strategy. “many customers are currently buying eco-labeled bananas right now”Social proof (Cialdini, 2009)“our eco-labeled bananas are situated right next to our employee standing there”Signaling (Griskevicious et al, 2012)“you seem interested in eco-labeled products – you can find them here”Labelling (Tybout & Yalch, 1980)“our eco-labeled bananas are priced no higher than any competing brands without label”Price (Thaler, 1985) The results clearly show the impact of the influence strategies. First of all, in a control group, the mere presence of a front-line employee informing about the different banana alternatives doubled the proportion (from 20 to 40%, p<.01) of choices in favor of eco-labeled bananas. Secondly, the strategies social proof (from 40 to 65%, p<.01) and signaling (from 40 to 68%, p<.01) further raised the proportions approximately 15%. Lastly the influence strategies price (from 66 to 76%, p<.03) and labeling (from 66 to 76%, p<.04) made yet another 10% chose eco-labeled bananas. In sum, our research is promising viewed in light of encouraging behavioral change to create a more sustainable society.
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| 14. |
- Kristensson, Per, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Influencing consumers to choose environment friendly offerings : Evidence from field experiments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 76, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this article is to examine a set of ways to influence consumer behavior toward making more environmentally friendly choices. We conducted three different studies to investigate (1) what consumers think would influence their behavior, (2) how several question-based verbal influence strategies nudge consumer behavior in one direction or another, and (3) how question-based written influence strategies influence consumer behavior. The findings reveal a discrepancy between what consumers think would influence behavior and what actually does influence it. In addition, under all verbal and written experimental conditions, influence strategies led to consumer change toward environmentally friendly offerings compared with alternative non-environment friendly offerings. The discussion highlights possible explanations for the results, managerial implications, the study's limitations, and suggestions for future research, with a special emphasis on research into factors that can change consumer behavior.
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| 15. |
- Lamberg-Allardt, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Animal versus plant-based protein and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To systematically review the evidence on the effect of replacing the intake of animal protein with plant protein on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their intermediate risk factors.We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 12th May 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies that investigated replacement of animal protein with plant protein from foods. Outcomes were CVDs, T2D, and in RCTs also the effects on blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and USDA's RoB-NObS tools. Random-effects meta-analyses assessed the effects of plant vs. animal proteins on blood lipids in RCTs. The evidence was appraised according to the World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.After screening 15,090 titles/abstracts, full text of 124 papers was scrutinized in detail, from which 13 RCTs and seven cohort studies were included. Eight of the RCTs had either some concern or high risk of bias, while the corresponding evaluation of cohort studies resulted in moderate risk of bias for all seven. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.22, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.25, -0.02) by replacing animal protein with plant protein. The substitution of animal protein with plant protein (percentage of energy intake) in cohort studies was associated with lower CVD mortality (n = 4) and lower T2D incidence (n = 2). The evidence was considered limited-suggestive for both outcomes.Evidence that the substitution of animal protein with plant protein reduces risk of both CVD mortality and T2D incidence is limited-suggestive. Replacing animal protein with plant protein for aspects of sustainability may also be a public health strategy to lower the risk of CVD mortality and T2D.
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| 16. |
- Magnusson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Atmosfäriskt nedfall av mikroskräp
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nedfall av luftburna mikroskopiska skräppartiklar undersöktes på elva lokaler runt om i Sverige. Luftdeponerade plastfibrer, plastfragment, gummipartiklar från fordonsdäck och bomullsfibrer kunde påvisas vid de flesta av provtagningsplatserna, även de som låg på långt avstånd från större tätorter. Studien visar att lufttransport kan vara en betydelsefull spridningsväg för mikroskräp
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| 17. |
- Nwaru, Bright I, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of dietary fat and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in adults aged ≥50 years: a systematic review.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X. ; 66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of quality of dietary fat intake and different classes of fatty acids on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in adults aged ≥50 years.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Classes of fatty acids included were saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fatty acids (TFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and their subtypes and sources. Given between-study heterogeneity, we did not perform meta-analyses but narratively described findings from the studies.From 4,491 identified records, five articles (based on four prospective cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria. Three studies had an overall serious risk of bias, while one study had a moderate risk. Overall, we found no robust association between intake of any fatty acids type and the development of AD and dementia. For example, for SFA and TFA, there was contradictory associations reported on AD: one study found that each unit increase in energy-adjusted intake of SFA (risk ratio [RR] 0.83, 95%CI 0.70-0.98) and TFA (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.97) was associated with a decreased risk of AD, but not dementia. For PUFA, one study found that higher quintile intake of marine-based n-3 PUFA was associated with a decreased risk of AD. The intake of other fatty acids was not associated with the outcomes. The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive.We found no clear association between the intake of various classes of fatty acids and the risk of AD and dementia in adults. More well-designed prospective studies are required to clarify these findings.
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| 18. |
- Olajos, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Consistent findings from ddPCR and metabarcoding analyses of piscivorous bird diets
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The diet of apex predators is crucial for addressing fundamental ecological questions. The diets ofpiscivorous birds have traditionally been studied using invasive methods that may be harmful.Consequently, researchers have been compelled to explore alternative options. Molecular toolshave proven effective in discerning dietary preferences of piscivorous birds. In this study, a totalof 151 faecal samples were collected from 6 bird species of lacustrine piscivorous birds occupying36 lakes from 2018 to 2022. Faecal samples were analysed using two molecular methods todetermine the proportion of fish DNA using 1) high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding withthe teleo-2 universal fish primer and 2) a digital droplet PCR array with 7 species-specific newlydesigned primers targeting the most common prey fish species in Scandinavian freshwaterecosystems. The dominant prey species identified by both methods were: whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus), Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). The twomethods showed a high degree of agreement, suggesting that they both provide accurateassessments of the dietary compositions of bird diets.
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| 19. |
- Pålsson, Erik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Noise benefit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-3158 .- 1432-2072. ; 214:3, s. 675-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under some conditions, external sensory noise enhances cognitive functions, a phenomenon possibly involving stochastic resonance and/or enhanced central dopamine transmission. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a robust measure of sensorimotor gating and can be modulated by activity in the cortex and basal ganglia, including the central dopamine pathways. Previous empirical studies suggest a differential effect of acoustic noise in normal children and children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the effect of acoustic noise on PPI and if dopamine transmission interacts with acoustic noise effects in a rat ADHD model. The effect of background acoustic noise on acoustic startle response and PPI were measured with a constant prepulse to background noise ratio of 9 dB(A). Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were used as the ADHD model and compared with Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Microdialysis, methylphenidate treatment and 6-OHDA lesions were used to investigate interaction with dopamine transmission. Background noise facilitated PPI differently in SH rats and controls. The prefrontal cortex in SH rats had low basal dopamine concentrations, a high DOPAC/dopamine ratio and blunted dopamine release during PPI testing. Methylphenidate had small, but strain-specific, effects on startle and PPI. Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions did not alter startle or PPI. Prefrontal dopamine transmission is altered in SH rats during the sensorimotor gating task of PPI of the acoustic startle, indicating increased dopamine reuptake in this ADHD rat model. We propose that noise benefit could be explored as a non-pharmacological alternative for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 20. |
- Ramel, Alfons, et al.
(författare)
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White meat consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to systematically review the associations among white meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus were searched (15th October 2021) for randomized intervention trials (RCTs, ≥ 4 weeks of duration) and prospective cohort studies (≥12 month of follow-up) assessing the consumption of white meat as the intervention/ exposure. Eligible outcomes for RCTs were cardiometabolic risk factors and for cohorts, fatal and non-fatal CVD and incident T2D. Risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane’s RoB2 and Risk of Bias for Nutrition Observational Studies. Meta-analysis was conducted in case of ≥3 relevant intervention studies or ≥5 cohort studies using random-effects models. The strength of evidence was evaluated using the World Cancer Research Fund’s criteria. Results: The literature search yielded 5,795 scientific articles, and after screening 43 full-text articles, 23 cohort studies and three intervention studies were included. All included intervention studies matched fat content of intervention and control diets, and none of them showed any significant effects on the selected outcomes of white meat when compared to red meat. Findings from the cohort studies generally did not support any associations between white meat intake and outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted for CVD mortality (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87–1.02, P = 0.23, I2 = 25%) and T2D incidence (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87–1.11, P = 0.81, I2 = 82%). Conclusion: The currently available evidence does not indicate a role, beneficial or detrimental, of white meat consumption for CVD and T2D. Future studies investigating potentially different health effects of processed versus unprocessed white meat and substitution of red meat with white meat are warranted.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Schöier, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae-induced cell death in human coronary artery endothelial cells is caspase-independent and accompanied by subcellular translocations of Bax and apoptosis-inducing factor.
- 2006
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Ingår i: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. - 0928-8244 .- 1574-695X. ; 47:2, s. 207-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease are causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Different risk factors have been demonstrated, but the exact mechanisms behind these diseases are still not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested Chlamydia pneumoniae to be involved in the pathogenesis, and increased apoptotic indexes in atherosclerotic plaques have been documented. In this study, we show that C. pneumoniae induces apoptosis and necrosis in populations of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry after staining of cells with annexin V and propidium iodide, and defined as TUNEL-reactive or annexin V-positive, propidium iodide-negative cells. The apoptosis was induced within 2 h postinfection and increased with inoculation dose. The general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not affect apoptotic frequencies. By immunochemistry and immunoblot, we demonstrated activation and subcellular translocation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from the cytosol to the nucleus. These results indicate that C. pneumoniae-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells is caspase-independent and regulated by Bax and apoptosis-inducing factor.
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| 23. |
- Schöier, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia trachomatis -induced apoptosis occurs in uninfected McCoy cells late in the developmental cycle and is regulated by the intracellular redox state
- 2001
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Ingår i: Microbial Pathogenesis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-4010 .- 1096-1208. ; 31:4, s. 173-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections with the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis are characterized by avoidance of fusion between chlamydia-containing endosomes and lysosomes, bacterial persistence and development of post-infectious sequelae. In this report we show that C. trachomatis induces apoptosis in McCoy and HeLa cells. Apoptosis was monitored by three different techniques; enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) of fragmented nucleosomes, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained cells. Apoptosis occurred in uninfected cells, was induced late in the chlamydial developmental cycle, beyond 24 h post-infection and was dependent on bacterial protein synthesis. Apoptosis was not significantly increased in infected, inclusion-containing cells. Treatment of cells with the antioxidants ascorbic acid (10 μM) and α-tocopherol (10 μM) reduced the degree of apoptosis. These results suggest that host cells infected with C. trachomatis generate proapoptotic stimuli that induce apoptosis in uninfected, neighbouring cells and that the redox state of the cell is a regulator in chlamydia-induced apoptosis.
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| 24. |
- Söderlund, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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A note on the diophantine equation CZ2 = X5 + Y5
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (ATAM). - 0973-4554. ; 8:3, s. 173-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous paper we determined an infinite sequence of C for which the title equation has no coprime non-trivial solutions. In this work we extend these results to C- values {2F, 10} where F is a prime number 3, 7 mod 10.
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| 25. |
- Söderlund, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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On the Diophantine Equation CZ2 = X5 + Y5
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advances in Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (ATAM). - : Research India Publications. - 0973-4554. ; 7:1, s. 59-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we determine an infinit sequence of different values of C for which the diophantine equation Cz2 = x5 + y5 has no coprime non-trivial solutions.
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| 26. |
- Söderlund Leifler, Karin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Intact Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex predicts good response to radiotherapy in early breast cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 68:1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Post-operative radiotherapy is offered to a majority of breast cancer patients, since it significantly reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, some patients still develop recurrences. Owing to their vital roles in the repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks, the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex and the ATM protein might be implicated in tumour cell resistance to radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and predictive role of these DNA repair proteins for the outcome of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods: The protein expression of ATM and the proteins in the MRN complex were investigated using immunohistochemistry in tumours from 224 women with early breast cancer, who were randomised to receive post-operative radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF).Results: Compared to normal breast tissue, the staining intensity of Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1 and ATM was reduced in a majority of the tumours. Weak expression of the MRN complex was correlated to high histological grade and ER negativity (p=0.01 and p=0.0001). Radiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of local recurrence as compared to chemotherapy (p=0.04). The greatest benefit of radiotherapy was seen in patients with moderate/strong expression of the MRN complex (RR=0.27, 95% C.I. 0.098-0.72, p=0.009), whereas patients with negative/weak MRN had no benefit of radiotherapy compared to CMF. These results suggest that an intact MRN complex is important for the tumour cell eradicating effect of radiotherapy.
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| 27. |
- Söderlund, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The allure of the bottle as a package: an assessment of perceived effort in a packaging context
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Product and Brand Management. - : Emerald. - 1061-0421. ; 26:1, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to assess the impact of perceived effort related to packaging on overall product evaluations. Perceived effort, defined as the consumer’s perceptions of how much manufacturer effort that lies behind an offer, is assumed to contribute to evaluations by signaling unobservable characteristics of an offer.Design/methodology/approachThree between-subjects experiments were conducted with soft drink bottles, which were subject to variation in perceived effort.FindingsThe results show that perceived effort was positively associated with overall evaluations. The results also show that the impact of perceived effort was mediated by product quality perceptions, which indicates that effort signals quality.Originality/valuePerceived effort has to date not been examined in the packaging literature. The present findings thus imply that models of packaging characteristics and their impact on consumers would benefit from including the effort aspect.
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| 28. |
- Söderlund, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic comparison of Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2 isolates with and without verotoxin genes: implications for risk assessment of strains commonly found in ruminant reservoirs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Escherichia coli O103:H2 occurs as verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) carrying only vtx1 or vtx2 or both variants, but also as vtx-negative atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). The majority of E. coli O103:H2 identified from cases of human disease are caused by the VTEC form. If aEPEC strains frequently acquire verotoxin genes and become VTEC, they must be considered a significant public health concern. In this study, we have characterized and compared aEPEC and VTEC isolates of E. coli O103:H2 from Swedish cattle. Methods: Fourteen isolates of E. coli O103:H2 with and without verotoxin genes were collected from samples of cattle feces taken during a nationwide cattle prevalence study 2011-2012. Isolates were sequenced with a 2 x 100 bp setup on a HiSeq2500 instrument producing >100 x coverage per isolate. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing was performed using the genome analysis tool kit (GATK). Virulence genes and other regions of interest were detected. Susceptibility to transduction by two verotoxin-encoding phages was investigated for one representative aEPEC O103:H2 isolate. Results and Discussion: This study shows that aEPEC O103:H2 is more commonly found (64%) than VTEC O103:H2 (36%) in the Swedish cattle reservoir. The only verotoxin gene variant identified was vtx1a. Phylogenetic comparison by SNP analysis indicates that while certain subgroups of aEPEC and VTEC are closely related and have otherwise near identical virulence gene repertoires, they belong to separate lineages. This indicates that the uptake or loss of verotoxin genes is a rare event in the natural cattle environment of these bacteria. However, a representative of a VTEC-like aEPEC O103:H2 subgroup could be stably lysogenized by a vtx-encoding phage in vitro.
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| 29. |
- Söderlund, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and genomic characteristics of zoonotic gastro-intestinal pathogens and ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae among Swedish corvid birds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Wild birds pose a potential threat to animal and human health by spreading infectious diseases. In the present study, we studied the occurrence of bacterial zoonotic pathogens as well as enterobacteria with transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes among Swedish corvids.Materials and methods: Intestines from 66 jackdaws, crows, rooks and magpies from the vicinity of livestock farms at 14 locations in 7 counties were analysed by direct culture or PCR screening followed by culture. Isolates were investigated by whole-genome sequencing.Results and discussion: Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 82% and Yersinia in 3% of the birds. ESBL-producing E. coli were found in one sample (2%) and carried bla CTX-M-55. No Enterobacteriaceae with transferable carbapenem resistance were identified. No Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 were found, but PCR analysis for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli virulence genes revealed 35% positive samples for intimin, 9% for verotoxin 1 and 17% for verotoxin 2. C. jejuni isolates from corvids were compared to previously published isolates from Swedish sources by multi-locus sequence typing based on genome sequences. All corvid C. jejuni isolates formed a cluster, intermingled with human and chicken isolates. Our results indicate that C. jejuni is ubiquitous among Swedish corvid birds, with sporadic transmission to poultry and humans.
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| 30. |
- Tonkonogi, Michail, et al.
(författare)
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The role of phosphorylcreatine in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in human skeletal muscle.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 537:3, s. 971-978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The role of phosphorylcreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration was investigated in permeabilised fibre bundles prepared from human vastus lateralis muscle. 2. Fibre respiration was measured in the absence of ADP (V0) and after sequential additions of submaximal ADP (0.1 mm ADP, Vsubmax), PCr (or Cr) and saturating [ADP] (Vmax). 3. Vsubmax increased by 55% after addition of saturating creatine (P< 0.01; n = 8) and half the maximal effect was obtained at 5 mm [Cr]. In contrast, Vsubmax decreased by 54% after addition of saturating phosphorylcreatine (P< 0.01; n = 8) and half the maximal effect was obtained at 1 mm [PCr]. Vmax was not affected by Cr or PCr. 4. Vsubmax was similar when PCr and Cr were added simultaneously at concentrations similar to those in muscle at rest (PCr/Cr = 2) and at low-intensity exercise (PCr/Cr = 0.5). At conditions mimicking high-intensity exercise (PCr/Cr = 0.1), Vsubmax increased to 60% of Vmax (P< 0.01) vs. rest and low-intensity exercise). 5. Eight of the subjects participated in a 16 day Cr supplementation programme. Following Cr supplementation, V0 decreased by 17% (P< 0.01) vs. prior to Cr supplementation), whereas ADP-stimulated respiration (with and without Cr or PCr) was unchanged. 6. For the first time evidence is given that PCr is an important regulator of mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiration. Phosphorylcreatine decreases the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to ADP whereas Cr has the opposite effect. During transition from rest to high-intensity exercise, decreases in the PCr/Cr ratio will effectively increase the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to ADP. The decrease in V0 after Cr supplementation indicates that intrinsic changes in membrane proton conductance occur.
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| 31. |
- Öhlund, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Apex predator induces predator-rich ecosystem state innorthern lakes
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large predators are disappearing from ecosystems around the world. If predator speciesfacilitate each other’s existence through niche construction, this development could causecascading predator collapses and reduce ecosystem resilience. However, the importance offacilitation for the assembly and function of predator communities remains poorly understood.Here, we show that a large piscivorous fish, the northern pike (Esox lucius), enables theformation of a numerous and diverse predator community by inducing a dwarf ecotype ofEuropean whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Pike increases the standing biomass of prey-sized(<200mm) whitefish with a factor of 12.6, allowing small-gaped fish species (Percafluviatilis, Lota lota, Salvelinus alpinus and Salmo trutta) to go from small-growinggeneralists, to large-growing piscivores. Similarly, a guild of piscivorous birds (Gavia arctica,G. stellata, Sterna paradisaea, S. hirundo, Mergus serrator and M. merganser) shift from amixed diet to relying mainly on whitefish prey in presence of pike. Through this regime shift,the functional piscivore biomass in the non-pike fish community increases with a factor of14.2, and the density- and species richness of piscivorous birds increase with factors of 2.08and 2.16, respectively. Our results demonstrate how feedbacks between presence/absence ofimportant predators and the phenotype of prey may keep complex ecosystems in predator-richor predator-depleted states.
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