| 1. |
- Camacho-Otero, Juana, et al.
(författare)
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Circular design tools: (how) do they understand the consumer?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd PLATE Product Lifetimes And The Environment Conference2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A move towards a circular economy will require fundamental changes in the way products and services are designed. However, tools for design in the context of the circular economy mostly have a narrow product or service focus without acknowledging the role of addressing behaviors and changing practices. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study investigating to what extent circular design tools consider and integrate aspects related to consumption and consumers. Using five circular tools publicly available, the research team analyzed how they address three aspects: circular consumer behaviors, consumer acceptance factors and conditions for adoption. Our analysis shows that although some of the tools acknowledge the need to gather insights around consumption and consumers, they do not address such aspects in detail. When the tools considered consumer aspects, they did so by acknowledging circular consumer behaviors. Rent and rebuy are the most frequently mentioned behaviors, while remunerate, retain and renounce are absent from the tools. Other behaviors such as receive, ritualize, regard, revalue, resell and relinquish are mentioned only once. The tools’ lack of consideration of acceptance factors and contextual conditions is slightly surprising, as most of them advocate for a human-centered approach to product development. Existing circular design tools could thus benefit from integrating concepts and frameworks from fields such as design for sustainable behavior and practice-oriented design.
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| 2. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing water consumption
- 2012
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Ingår i: 1st RESPONDER Knowledge Brokerage Event on Sustainable Housing, 28-30 March, 2012, Barcelona, Spain.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, MariAnne, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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D1.1. Integrated Framework. Deliverable to the MeBeSafe project
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MeBeSafe project intends to develop, implement and validate interventions that direct road users (drivers and cyclists) towards safer behaviour in common traffic situations which carry an elevated risk. More specifically, the aim is to change habitual traffic behaviour using different nudging interventions, i.e. subconsciously pushing road users in a desired direction without being prohibitive against alternative choices of action. The project will also compare different ways of coaching and evaluate the effect of a combination of nudging and coaching. This deliverable, D1.1 Integrated Framework, describes the work completed within WP1 of the MeBeSafe project. Based on literature reviews, interviews with academic and non-academic experts, discussions and workshops, the deliverable: (i) describes the key characteristics of nudging and coaching respectively; (ii) presents a framework that integrates the two, taking into consideration (in particular) time and frequency; (iii) describes underlying theories and models of relevance for understanding road user behaviour; (iii) explains road user profiles or characteristics of relevance to consider in the design of the interventions (i.e., in WP2, WP3, and WP4), as well as the design and interpretation of the outcome of the field trials (in WP5); and (iv) presents design considerations, i.e. factors that should be observed when improving on the initial ideas and further develop the design of the nudging and coaching interventions. More detailed design guidelines must be developed as part of the work to be completed in WP2, WP3, and WP4.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mangold, Mikael, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Who benefits? Effects and perceptions of residential volumetric water billing
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2nd Nordic Conference on Consumer Research, 29 May-1 June, 2012, Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the effects and perceptions of increased installation of water metering and volumetric billing in residential areas in Sweden? An interview study was undertaken in a low-income suburb of Göteborg to explore residents’ experiences and opinions. Additionally, the interests of water and energy companies, social affairs committee, real estate owner and maintainer were investigated to contrast the added value of reduced water consumption. Stakeholders either benefit or are disadvantaged by the introduced system. Furthermore, the applied tariff structure fails to motivate all segments of the population to reduce water consumption, yet still inequitably burdens the most financially exposed groups.
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| 6. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways of Sustainable Behaviours
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey.. ; , s. 1-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to chart different paths that users can follow to reduce the environmental impact that occurs during the use of an artefact. Through comparingsustainable behaviours found in own studies and literature, five pathways of sustainable behaviour were identified: Changed use, Mediated use, Regulated artefact, Maintenance and repair, and Choice of artefact. In Path 1 the user starts using an artefact in a more sustainable way. In Path 2 the user invests in a secondary artefact to mediate the use of a primary artefact. In Path 3 the users invest in anartefact that regulate a primary artefacts’ resource use. In Path 4 the user maintains an artefact in good condition and in Path 5 the user invests in an artefact that offersless resource consumption by default.
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| 7. |
- Renström, Sara, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Target the Use Phase! Design for Sustainable Behaviour.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 6th International Conference on Life Cycle Management in Gothenburg 2013. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One approach to further decrease the environmental impact of products is to target the use phase. According to the Design for Sustainable Behaviour approach different design strategies can be used to enable a more sustainable use of products by influencing the user’s behaviour. The strategies suggested include matching products to users’ current behaviours, enlightening users, spurring or steering theusers towards more sustainable behaviours, and applying a force dimension to the products. Empirical studies demonstrate the feasibility of different strategies.However further knowledge is needed on which strategies to apply in which situations and for what problems.
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| 8. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the landscape of circular design tools
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular design tools can help companies to move from linear to circular design practices and an increased uptake of such tools have potential to help realise the circular transition. Despite the existence of numerous circular design tools, companies often find it challenging to identify tools that align with their needs as the tool landscape is difficult to navigate. This paper offers a synthesized overview of 65 circular design tools that uniformly describes the tools’ main attributes. The tools are categorized into five families to make it easier to navigate the tool landscape and identify tools for specific needs. The findings offer a useful resource for the research community as well as companies seeking to e.g. design for value retention and extended product lifetimes. Implications for tool developers and practitioners are highlighted, advocating for more effective utilization of existing tools and the alignment of future tool development with circular design practices.
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| 9. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A Tool for Charting Circular Consumption Journeys
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th European Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP 2019). - 9788409168927 ; 1, s. 47-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular economy proponents often argue that products should be designed to last long, be fit for circular (re-) production flows, and be offered through circular services. While this is essential for bringing about a transition to a circular economy, changes in consumption are equally important. Transitioning from linear consumption processes (i.e. buying new products, using, and disposing of them as trash) to circular consumption processes (i.e. obtaining pre-used products, using, and passing them on to others) can however be challenging for people. Renting, borrowing, trading and other circular paths of consumption commonly require more time, effort and planning than linear paths of consumption. In order to make it more preferable for people to circulate products from consumer to consumer, products and services should be designed to make circularity convenient and desirable in everyday life. Such design processes require an in-depth understanding of people’s consumption processes. Yet, the available support to explore what circular consumption processes entail for people in everyday life is insufficient. Therefore, this paper introduces a tool for charting circular consumption journeys, which can support the development of products and services fit for circularity. This tool was developed during 2016-2019 in an iterative process in which the tool was tested by industry representatives and design students. In parallel with these activities, a team of researchers continuously developed and refined the tool based on gained insights. The tool aids designers and other agents to chart people’s consumption processes step-by-step, with a focus on people’s activities, actions, decisions and experiences. By charting circular consumption journeys, insight can be gained regarding critical hinders that may keep people from engaging in circular consumption. Moreover, it will unveil consumption-related challenges that should be addressed when designing circular products and services. Overall, the tool can aid organisations to both increase their understanding of circular consumption processes and to explore opportunities to develop products and services for a circular economy.
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| 10. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits and Difficulties for Industry when Designing for Sustainable Behaviour
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Sustainable Innovation 2012, Towards Sustainable Product Design: 17th International Conference. 29-30 October 2012, Alanus University, Bonn, Germany. ; , s. 242-249
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research field of Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) suggests strategies for promoting more sustainable use of products. The DfSB methodology thus provides opportunities for companies to further reduce their products’ environmental impact and differentiate on the market, still DfSB is not yet systematically applied in industry. This paper highlights benefits and difficulties that companies face when applying design strategies for sustainable behaviour in the product development process. A master thesis project at Electrolux is used as a basis for discussion. In summary, besides the environmental gains, DfSB can spur innovations that fit users’ implicit needs and thus create potential for increased profitability. Nevertheless, companies need to extend their competence within DfSB and methodologies that facilitate the implementation of DfSB in companies’ current product development processes should be developed.
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| 11. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983
(författare)
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Design Beyond Interventions – Supporting Less Energy-reliant Activities in the Everyday
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses challenges and opportunities for product design to contribute to domestic energy conservation. The overall aim of the thesis is that of increasing the understanding of people’s energy use and their use of energy-reliant artefacts in the everyday in order to propose ways of supporting energy conservation through design. Two main themes are explored within its scope: how people’s doings in everyday life influence energy use and how energy-reliant artefacts designed to support energy conservation influence energy use. Material from four empirical studies has been used to address the themes and discuss implications for design practice. Study A investigated how people’s possession and use of appliances influenced energy use and Study B explored people’s energy use and approach to energy conservation from the perspective of everyday activities. Studies C and D investigated how artefacts designed to support energy conservation may influence energy use through evaluations of an energy feedback system and kitchen appliances designed to mediate less energy-intensive use, respectively. A cross-study analysis shows that people’s energy use is embedded in the web of activities that make up everyday life and suggests that the design of energy-reliant artefacts mediates the actions and outcomes of those activities. Depending on their overall design, design characteristics, and their fit with the activity that is enabled, energy-reliant artefacts may either facilitate energy conservation or make less energy-intensive use challenging or undesirable. For instance, if artefacts are not easily understandable and easy to use, and if they do not provide suitable functions that enable people to use them effectively for a particular purpose, they risk being rejected or used in an energy-intensive way. The findings thus suggest that artefacts designed with one or more functions aimed to motivate or encourage people to reduce their energy use, commonly referred to as design interventions in literature, risk impeding energy conservation if they do not support energy conservation as a whole. To increase the potential for artefacts to support energy conservation, it is crucial to design suitable and relevant artefacts that provide for less energy-reliant everyday activities and that make it possible and desirable for people to meet their needs and attain their goals in less energy-intensive ways. If less energy-intensive use is only encouraged, but is not enabled and mediated, it will be difficult for people that do not have the preconditions to use less energy to actually reduce their energy use. This thesis therefore argues for moving beyond design interventions and instead designing for less energy-reliant activities by holistically considering the preconditions and design characteristics that functions on all layers of design may give rise to. Such an approach has the potential to reduce mismatches between the design of an artefact and the activity enabled, which in turn may increase the potential for artefacts to be used in less-energy-intensive ways and be adopted long term. In conclusion, the thesis provides new insights into the way in which people’s activities and use of artefacts influence energy use and highlights opportunities for design practitioners to create preconditions for less energy-reliant activities in the everyday.
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| 12. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Sustainable Behaviour: A Toolbox for Targeting the Use Phase
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eco-design tool conference, May 14-15 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several studies have concluded that the use phase, including people’s use behaviour, is a large contributor to the environmental impact of many products. Some eco-design tools mention the use phase as a possible target area, but there is a lack of methods that specifically address how to lower its environmental impact. Thus, this contribution presents a toolbox that enables companies to influence user behaviour to reduce the negative environmental impact during the use phase; we call this the Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) toolbox. The main tool in the toolbox comprises five types of strategies for the design of products and services. Enlighten strategies influence users’ knowledge, values, attitudes and norms, e.g. an eco-driving support system. Spur strategies encourage users to perform sustainable behaviours, e.g. through external rewards, punishments or competitions. Steer strategies guide users by making sustainable behaviour the evident choice, physically or cognitively, e.g. a refrigerator steering the placement of food to optimize preservation. Force strategies compel a sustainable behaviour upon the users, e.g. a washing machine that automatically adds the right amount of detergent. Match strategies adapt products and services to users’ current behaviours, e.g. start–stop systems in cars. A comparative study of different types of strategies shows that they have the potential to be effective in influencing users’ behaviour and to be accepted by consumers. The toolbox is utilized by employing its main tool and supporting tools (e.g. user studies and personas) in a design process focusing on users and their behaviour. This may mean a shift of eco-design efforts from later to earlier stages of the development process, which enables greater opportunities for radical environmental gain through design, as it is in the early stages that the environmental impact of products is largely determined. Different tools from the toolbox have been applied in a number of R&D cases in industry. For instance, Eliq Online, a home energy management system verified to support energy reductions have been developed by Exibea, and novel product concepts to reduce household’s energy use and to avoid food waste have been developed for IKEA and Electrolux. Apart from the evident advantage of encouraging sustainable behaviours, and thus reducing resource use, the DfSB toolbox can also spur innovation and provide a way to differentiate on saturated markets.
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| 13. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Designed to support or impede energy conservation? How design characteristics influence people’s energy use
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1569-1551 .- 1748-3050. ; 15:1, s. 43-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how the design of domestic appliances influences people’s energy use during everyday activities. Drawing on findings from an interview study with 81 informants, a variety of design characteristics were uncovered, which set preconditions for use that in different ways impede or support energy conservation. The identified characteristics did not only concern appliances’ operative functions but also their interactive and communicative functions as well as people’s underlying motives for using specific appliances. Addressing the full range of characteristics during the development of new appliances will highlight a variety of design opportunities and increase the possibilities for developing appliances that support people to go about their everyday activities in less energy-reliant ways.
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| 14. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing products and services for circular consumption - A circular design tool
- 2021
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Ingår i: 4th Conference on Product Lifetimes and the Environment (PLATE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most circular design tools focus on how to design durable products that are fit for circular (re-)production flows, or how to design circular business models. The crucial role users play for a transition to a circular economy is often overlooked in existing tools, as is design opportunities to enable and support circular consumption. This paper presents one of the tools in the Use2Use Design Toolkit, the Circular Designs Ideation Pack, which is a user-centered circular design tool especially developed to aid designers and others to design for circular consumption. The tool supports design of products and services that can create enabling preconditions making it more convenient, and preferable for people to circulate products from use to use. In contrast to other available circular design tools, it supports exploration of circular design opportunities from a user perspective and in relation to people’s consumption processes. The tool has been tested in eight workshops with professionals and students, who considered it easy and fun to use. The workshop participants found the tool instructive and inspirational, and said that it helped them to discuss relevant design opportunities and come up with promising circular ideas. They also expressed that looking at circularity from a user’s point of view made it easy for them to address the topic. While the tool was found both usable and valuable in an educational workshop setting, the tool’s potential when utilised in companies’ regular design processes is yet to be explored. Future research will address how to integrate the tool as a part of existing processes to effectively support companies to design for consumption.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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(How) Can Appliances be Designed to Support Less Energy-Intensive Use? Insights from a Field Study on Kitchen Appliances
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - 1994-036X .- 1991-3761. ; 12:3, s. 35-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents findings from a study carried out to contribute to the growing knowledge base within the Design for Sustainable Behaviour research field. Coffee makers, electric kettles and toasters were evaluated to explore if and why particular appliances may mediate less energy-intensive use to a greater extent than others. Eighteen participants used three appliances of the same type for two weeks each, during which the participants’ use of the appliances and the resulting energy use were monitored. In addition, semi-structured interviews and online surveys were conducted to explore how the appliances’ functions and overall design influenced energy use. The findings show that both specific functions and the design as a whole form the design characteristics that set preconditions for energy use. The study thus suggests that if appliances are not designed to support energy conservation holistically, there is a risk that aspects that have not been addressed will lead to more energy-intensive use. This makes it essential for designers to consider the full variety of characteristics influencing energy use. Based on the findings, design opportunities were identified and design guidelines formulated. The insights gained highlight new opportunities for design practice that can aid designers in designing for less energy-intensive use.
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| 18. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Re-framing Product Circularity from a User Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of DRS 2018 International Conference: Catalyst. - 2398-3132. - 9781912294206 ; 5, s. 2046-2057
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the discussion regarding product circularity is framed from a production and business perspective. This paper argues that the current narrative needs to be complemented with a re-framing of circularity from a user perspective and that issues of consumption should be considered in more depth. Such a re-framing is proposed based on an exploration of the consumption process and a discussion regarding what different paths of consumption may entail for people. The paper also delves into the process of product exchange between multiple users over time. It underlines that products can be designed so that they can be transferred in tight loops from one user to another, i.e. from Use2Use, which typically entails environmental advantages in relation to circular production initiatives. Overall, such a perspective suggests an enabling approach, i.e. designing products and services that create preconditions that enable people to circulate products. New opportunities for supporting product circularity from a design perspective are suggested followed by recommendations for future work.
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| 19. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983
(författare)
-
Understanding Energy Behaviour – A Necessity for Supporting Domestic Energy Conservation through Design
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Domestic energy consumption is continuing to increase and the need to decrease consumption is growing more evident. In this research, two studies were conducted to further the understanding of domestic energy behaviour and increase the knowledge of how energy conservation can be supported. The first study was carried out as an interview study to explore both factors that influence people’s energy behaviour and strategies people currently have adopted for reducing consumption. The second study was a field trial that assessed the extent to which an energy feedback system could support households in reducing their consumption.The findings show that many different factors, i.e., factors related to the person, the activity, and the society, influence people’s domestic energy behaviour as well as their engagement in reducing their energy consumption. As these factors collectively set the preconditions for people’s energy behaviour, it is vital to take into account the interconnection of the different factors when aiming to support energy conservation. For systems and products to be successful in supporting energy conservation, they need to match the preconditions in a way that enables people to reduce consumption while still satisfying their everyday needs and goals. As this research have indicated, energy feedback systems can support motivated people who have the ability and possibility to reduce consumption, but will be a less successful support system for people whose consumption is governed by preconditions that they cannot, or will not, change. A holistic understanding of people’s preconditions and their energy related activities is thus required in order to develop successful products, services, and systems that enable, facilitate, or encourage more people to reduce their domestic energy consumption.
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| 20. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Use and Adoption of Interactive Energy Feedback Systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2013, Consilience and Innovation in Design, 24-30 August 2013, Tokyo. ; , s. 1771-1782
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feedback is considered as one of the most effective ways to increase people’s awareness of energyconsumption. Literature commonly indicates that energy savings between 5-12% can be attainedwhen households get feedback on their consumption. However, to assess the actual saving potentialof energy feedback systems it is essential to investigate if, and how, people use the systems – ifthey adopt them into their everyday life. This paper presents findings from a six-months field studyin which 23 households were given online feedback on their consumption. The purposes of thestudy were to evaluate (i) the effects of interactive energy feedback on the households’ electricityconsumption and (ii) the extent to which they used the feedback web portal. In general, theparticipants were positive but the use of the portal was low, the dropout rate high and most households did not decrease their energy consumption. However, six highly motivated households used the portal frequently and decreased their consumption. The findings suggest that access to energy feedback does not per se make people utilize the information. However, if motivated people use energy feedback systems frequently it can increase their awareness and support energy conservation.
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| 21. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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What a designer can change: a proposal for a categorisation of artefact-related aspects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of DRS 2016, Design Research Society 50th Anniversary Conference. Brighton, UK, 27–30 June 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a categorisation of artefact-related aspects that in different ways set people’s preconditions for acting with technology. The categorisation can serve as a starting point for discussing which aspects are relevant to consider from a Design for Sustainable Behaviour perspective. The categorisation sorts these aspects into different layers: from the over-arching layer of enabled activity, through artefact type(s), operative functions, interactive functions, and finally communicative functions. Using examples from research studies, and a selection of theory and methods, we argue for an increased focus on all artefact- related aspects. Moreover, it is essential to move between layers to ensure a consistent design that in every layer provides preconditions for sustainable behaviour. The paper also discusses benefits of redesigning the artefacts people use in their everyday activities, instead of designing artefacts that stimulate new types of conservation activities.
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| 22. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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What’s in it for the user? Effects and perceived user benefits of online interactive energy feedback.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey.. ; , s. 1-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the effects and benefits of computerized energy feedback, an interactive energy feedback system was implemented in 23 households and evaluated in a six-months field study. No electricity savings could be observed for the households when comparing their consumption during the test period to the consumption during the previous year. However, the use of the web portal was found to vary considerably between individual households and a correlation between use-frequency and electricity savings was observed. The five households that accessed the feedback frequently managed to reduce their electricity consumption by an average of 9% over the test period. Furthermore, many households indicated, regardlessly of their use-frequency, that they experienced positive effects of using the web portal. Some specifically expressed an increased knowledge and awareness, which to some degree empowered them to reduce their consumption and change behaviour. The findings however suggest that many aspects such as contextual factors, personal capabilities and quality of life aspects influence households’ energy consumption and that access to feedback does not per se lead to savings. However, people that utilize the feedback information and are willing and capable of changing their situation can reduce their consumption and gain additional benefits that support energy conservation.
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| 23. |
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