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- Faber, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
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Relevant characteristics of food products based on alternative proteins according to European consumers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance attributed by consumers in Denmark (DK), Germany (DE) and Spain (ES) and across dietary lifestyles to the characteristics of different types of foods based on alternative proteins. Data were collected through a web-based survey (15 November to 16 December 2019). A total of 872 completed questionnaires from DK (n = 258), DE (n = 296) and ES (n = 318) were obtained.RESULTS: Four segments according to frequency of animal- and plant-based food consumption were identified: (i) no animal, high plant; (ii) low animal, high plant; (iii) moderate animal and plant; and (iv) high animal, moderate plant. Across all segments, foods based on legumes/pulses as well as plant-based spreads and products that do not resemble meat in taste and texture were of interest. Segment 4 was more in favour of ‘health’ as an important factor in new food products, whereas segment 1 was more likely to consider ‘animal friendly’, ‘minimally processed’, ‘environmentally friendly’ and ‘produced with minimum CO2 emissions’ as key aspects. Furthermore, familiarity was of minor importance across the segments. This could indicate an opening for new, innovative plant-based alternatives that have their own identity.CONCLUSION: An overall interest exists towards innovative food products based on plant protein, specifically legumes/pulses, among consumers in the three countries and across different dietary lifestyles.
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| 2. |
- Faber, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
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The mediating role of barriers and trust on the intentions to consume plant-based foods in Europe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant-based food alternatives have increased in popularity, particularly plant-based meat alternatives, while plant-based cheese alternatives less so. However, their acceptance remains low in Europe. Food choice motives (FCM) and trust towards alternative proteins may contribute to purchasing plant-based food alternatives, while other FCM and barriers can hinder this. The present study aimed to investigate whether FCM focused on “Environment & ethics” and “Intrinsic product quality” are associated with behavioural intentions towards plant-based meat and cheese alternatives, and specifically investigating the mediating role of perceived barriers to plant-based food consumption and trust towards plant-based alternative proteins. A survey was conducted in 10 European countries (AT, DE, DK, ES, FR, IT, NL, PL, RO, UK) with quotas on age and gender (N = 7588). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to determine factors associated with behavioural intentions towards plant-based meat and cheese alternatives. Results showed that “environmental & ethical” motives are positively associated with intentions to consume plant-based alternatives to meat (in 6/10 countries) and cheese (in 8/10 countries). “Intrinsic product quality” motives were not directly associated with behavioural intentions towards plant-based meat alternatives. However, country differences were observed for effects of “Intrinsic product quality”. Perceived barriers to plant-based food consumption and trust towards plant-based alternative proteins play a significant mediating role among all 10 countries. The implications are that environmental and ethical motivations could contribute to effectively promoting plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy. High sensory quality for plant-based meat and cheese alternatives is needed to build trust.
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| 3. |
- Al-Jabban, Wathiq Jasim
(författare)
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Soil Modification by adding small amounts of binders : A laboratory study
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soil stabilization through addition of a hydraulic binder is a method frequently used to modify and improve engineering properties of soft soils. Additives like cement and lime are typically used as stabilizers. More recently, industrial by-products, such as fly ashes, cement kiln dust, blast furnace slags and other slags have been used. The chemical reaction between the soil and the stabilizer alters the physical and engineering properties of the soil and thus desired strength and durability are obtained. The choice of appropriate type and quantity of stabilizer (binder) depends largely on factors such as soil type, moisture content, organic content, sulfate content, curing conditions (time and temperature) and the desired improvement.The objective of this thesis is to increase knowledge and understanding of how small amounts of binders change various engineering properties of stabilized soils in short- and longtime perspective. Extensive laboratory and field programs have been carried out. They cover immediate and long-term effects on the engineering properties by adding various binders. Cement, Multicem, and by-products Petrit T and Mesa were used as binders. Binder was added to the soil at various quantities: 1%, 2%, 4%, 7% and 8% of soil dry weight. The field and laboratory investigation included tests of consistency limits, sieving and hydrometer, unconfined compressive strength, density, solidification, grain size distribution using laser particle size analyzer, leaching tests and pH value. The tests were carried out on the treated soil with different binder contents and after different curing times i.e. 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 days for laboratory tests and 7 and 35 days for field investigation.The unconfined compression tests were used to show the effects of different binders on the enhancement in strength and stiffness over time. Consistency limits were determined to investigate the effects of the binders on the consistency limits, directly after treatment and over time. Laser particle size analyzer tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different binders on the particle size distribution (PSD) before and after treatment. The pH tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different binders on the alkalinity of the soil immediately after treatment and over time. This was used to give an indication of soil-binder reactions. MRM leaching tests were conducted to investigate the acidification potential of soils before and after treatment. Freeze-thaw cycles were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics after freezing and thawing in short- and long-term perspectives. Visual observation and standard dry sieving tests were conducted to optimize the proper mixing times to disintegrate or homogenize the soils by decreasing the size of agglomerated soil particles.The results show, that the variation in soil strength and stiffness of the treated soils are linked to different chemical reactions. Cement is most effective in improving the physical and engineering properties compared to the other binders studied. The plasticity index of soil decreases after treatment and over time. Liquidity index and the ratio of water content to plastic limit are introduced as new indices to illustrate the improvement in workability of treated soil by measuring the reduction in the liquidity index. This is found directly after treatment and it increases with time when the liquidity index is within the plastic range or when the water/plastic vi limit ratio is more than one. Increase of binder content and using longer curing times result in increase of soil density and decrease of water content. Particle size distribution of soil is changed by reducing the clay size fraction and increasing the silt size particles after treatment. This shows that an aggregation of particles take place resulting in coarser material than the initial. The cement-treated soils exhibit a more brittle failure in the unconfined compression tests compared to soils treated with other binder types where a more ductile behavior is observed. Applying freezing-thawing-cycles reduces the strength and stiffness of the treated soil.The appropriate length of time to homogenize and disintegrate the natural soil prior to treatment depends on several factors, such as soil type, water content, and plasticity properties of soil. For high plasticity soil, the disintegration time should be kept as short as possible. The homogenizing and disintegration time is less important for low plasticity soils with low water content than for medium to high plasticity soils.The acidification potential of soils are related to the addition of cementitious binders. The effect is found directly after treatment and over time. The treated soil exhibits higher resistance to decrease in pH value. The strength and stiffness properties found in the field investigation agree in general with those obtained from the laboratory investigation for the same binder type.
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| 6. |
- Berglin, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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In situ generation of IDA groups on nanoporous alumina for reversible immobilization of enzymes and other biomolecules.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanoporous alumina membranes were silanized with aminopropylsilane and iminodiacetic (IDA) groups were generated in situ by reaction with iodoacetate. The membranes were mounted in standard filter holders, connected to a HPLC system and saturated with selected metal ions. Cu(II) ions allowed the capture of chicken muscle lactate dehydrogenase with such stability, repeatability and reproducibility that Michaelis-Menten kinetics could be studied. The IDA surface was stable for months and could be depleted and regenerated with metal ions multiple times without appreciable loss of capacity. The binding of lactate dehydrogenase influenced the backpressure to the extent that could be expected for a monolayer according to Poiseuilles law.
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| 7. |
- Berglin, Lena, 1965
(författare)
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Interactive Textile Structures
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the area of smart textile and wearable computing. Smart or Interactive Textiles area generic terms for textile materials and products that in some nontrivial sense are self-active. Smart Textiles represents generation of high-tech, functional textile materials and products. An example of that is wearable computing. This thesis explores the area using two product concepts. A toy concept called Spookies and a Glove concept called Wanted. The two projects represent two types of products where wearable technology is embedded in textiles and where further progress has focused on how to integrate and link the technologies. The two projects also show different solutions concerning the integration of technology. In the Spookies concept all technology, hardware and software, is embedded in the product. The glove on the other hand is integrated with a minor part of hardware of software. The main part of technology is placed in the terminal, the mobile phone, to which the glove has wireless access. The aim with this thesis is to find out what smart textiles will mean for future textile and computing products. The research has explored how the two technologies relate to each other and the more specific research questions have been:In what way is it possible to transform electronics into textile structure?In what way is it possible to get feedback in textile?In what way is it possible to activate in textile?The research approach in this project is based on combining practice based design research with a series of experiment interlinked through given product applications. In this approach the design objects plays a central role when research issues and questions should be formulated. Objects can also be used to demonstrate, test and to some extent evaluate the research result.The research has resulted in several interactive textile structures such as: textile data buses, textile electrodes for heart rate measurements, colour change, tactile, press sensing and strain sensing textile structures.
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| 10. |
- Khan, Qazi Mashaal, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Q-factor for AM-SLM Cavity based Resonators using Surface Roughness Models
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques. - 2379-8793. ; 9, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research delves into losses of X-band cavity resonators manufactured using additive manufacturing-selective laser melting (AM-SLM) compared to the standard subtractive manufacturing milling technology. Measured losses are benchmarked in terms of resonator (quality) -factor. The measured data is further modelled using the Groiss and one-ball Huray models taking into account the implications of surface roughness and electrical conductivity. The unloaded -factor is derived from frequency-dependent scattering () parameters obtained from measurements and full-wave simulations. Surface roughness was found to impact the -factor significantly and the resonant frequency marginally. Cavities based on AM-SLM technology exhibit higher roughness compared to milling and lowers the -factor. A fusion of both manufacturing methods by milling AM-SLM cavity walls demonstrates an augmented -factor compared to a directly printed cavity. In the study it was also found that the Groiss model tends to overestimate the -factor owing to AM-SLM's rougher surface, while the one-ball Huray model furnishes precise projections by establishing a link between surface roughness and powder particles. Electrical conductivity's influence on -factor was also investigated, showing negligible impact with increased surface roughness. Further, side walls of the AM-SLM cavity were more susceptible to surface roughness, compared to the cavity front walls due to higher surface current density. This study underscores the significance of analyzing surface roughness and electrical conductivity in AM-SLM cavity resonators and highlights the suitability of the one-ball Huray model for accurate -factor prediction of microwave structures with rough surfaces
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