| 1. |
- Ek, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Injurious Falls in Older Adults : The Role of Sex and Length of Follow-Up
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 67:2, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To identify sex-specific associations between risk factors and injurious falls over the short (<4 years) and long (4-10 years) term.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study between 2001 and 2011.SETTING: Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, Kungsholmen, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N = 3,112).MEASUREMENTS: An injurious fall was defined as a fall that required inpatient or outpatient care. Information was collected on participant and exposure characteristics using structured interviews, clinical examinations, and physical function tests at baseline.RESULTS: The multivariate model showed that, in the short term, living alone (hazard ratio (HR)=1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-2.96), dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (HR=2.59, 95% CI=1.73-3.87), and previous falls (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.08-2.72) were independently associated with injurious falls in women. Low systolic blood pressure (HR=1.96, 95% CI=1.04-3.71), impaired chair stands (HR=3.00, 95% CI=1.52-5.93), and previous falls (HR=2.81, 95% CI=1.32-5.97) were associated with injurious falls in men. Long-term risk factors were underweight (HR=2.03, 95% CI=1.40-2.95), cognitive impairment (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.08-2.06), fall-risk increasing drugs (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.27-2.20 for >= 2 drugs), and IADL dependency (HR=1.58, 95% CI=1.32-5.97) for women and smoking (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.03-2.84), heart disease (HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.5-3.24), impaired balance (HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.08-2.62), and a previous fall (HR=3.61, 95% CI=1.98-6.61) for men.CONCLUSION: Men and women have different fall risk profiles, and these differences should be considered when developing preventive strategies. Some risk factors were more strongly predictive of injurious falls over shorter than longer periods and vice versa, suggesting that it may be possible to identify older men and women at short-and long-term risk of injurious falls.
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| 2. |
- Hober, Andreas, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an enhanced antibody-validation strategy for Western blot applications based on migration pattern recognition
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of affinity reagents, such as antibodies, for studying specific molecules in complex backgrounds are some of the most powerful tools for researchers in molecular biology. However, all experiments performed using affinity reagents are directly affected by each reagent’s context-dependent ability to bind specifically to a target of interest. A growing issue with non-validated, or poorly validated affinity reagents, has been highlighted by the International Working Group for Antibody Validation (IWGAV). It has been suggested that antibodies should be evaluated in an application-specific manner since they can perform well in one application but fail to deliver reproducible results in another. One of the most commonly used antibody-based applications is the Western blot (WB) technology. When evaluating the result from a WB experiment, the initial measure used for determining whether or not the antibody binds the protein of interest is to determine the molecular weight of the protein detected by the antibody compared to a set of reference proteins. As WB relies on the SDS-PAGE for separating differently sized proteins, the comparison is actually based on protein migration during electrophoresis. It is, however, well known that the migration of a protein can differ significantly from how the reference proteins migrate. Here, we suggest a method for determining the actual migration patterns of proteins instead of relying on the theoretical molecular weight of the protein. Using this approach, called migration capture mass spectrometry (MS), a dataset containing the migration patterns of more than 39,000 protein products from more than 10,500 genes across eleven cell lines and tissues has been created. This migration capture MS approach has been validated using k-fold cross validation against 249 siRNA knockdown WBs showing that the method has a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 87.4% and accuracy of 91.9%, which makes the dataset a useful resource that can facilitate antibody validation strategies in a fit-for-purpose manner. The data set has allowed the automatic evaluation of more than 12,000 antibodies in the Human Protein Atlas using the method.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and Depression Treatment in a Population-Based Study of Individuals Over 60 Years Old Without Dementia
- 2016
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 24:8, s. 615-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression in a population-based sample of older adults, and to identify the individual profile of people who received depression treatment. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Central area (Kungsholmen) in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants: A randomized population-based sample of individuals aged 60 years and older (N = 3,084) without dementia from the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen examined between 2001 and 2004. Measurements: Experienced physicians carried out a semi-structured psychiatric examination including the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. Information regarding drug treatment and psychotherapy was collected during the examination and is based on self-report. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.9% (major depression: 0.8%, minor depression: 5.1%). In the total sample, 8.3% were prescribed an antidepressant and 0.9% were treated with psychotherapy. Among individuals with depression, fewer than one-third received treatment with psychotherapy or antidepressants, but almost half were prescribed anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs. Individuals with self-reported depression and anxiety were more likely to receive depression treatment whereas individuals with depression who reported insomnia were less likely to receive depression treatment. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that even in a central urban area of a country with an advanced healthcare system depression in old age is often unrecognized and untreated. In addition, almost half of those with depression received potentially inappropriate drug treatment with anxiolytics or hypnotics.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- McHugh Power, Joanna E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of the discrepancy between loneliness and social isolation across Ireland and Sweden : findings from TILDA and SNAC-K
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 54:9, s. 1079-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Loneliness may have different cultural meanings in different countries. This may manifest as differing levels of Social Asymmetry-the discrepancy between loneliness and social isolation. Since loneliness is thought to be low in Sweden relative to more southerly countries, we hypothesised that more number of individuals would also fall into the discordant robust category of Social Asymmetry, i.e. that more individuals in Sweden would have lower loneliness levels relative to social isolation than in Ireland. We also explored the clinical relevance of Social Asymmetry in both countries, by examining its association with cognitive functioning.Methods We derived Social Asymmetry metrics in two representative cohort studies: the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Data pertaining to a dementia-free sample of 4565 Irish participants and 3042 Swedish participants, all aged over 60 years, were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach, with country as a higher-order variable.Results Contrary to the expected, more individuals in Ireland were discordant robust than in Sweden. We also found evidence for superior performance in global cognitive functioning among those in the discordant robust category relative to those in the discordant susceptible (i.e. those with higher levels of loneliness than social isolation) category, beta = 0.61, p < .001, across both countries.Conclusions Irish older adults may be more robust to the impact of social isolation on loneliness than those in the Swedish cohort. Social Asymmetry was related to cognitive functioning in both countries, suggesting that Social Asymmetry is a clinically relevant construct.
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| 6. |
- Overton, Marieclaire, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances and change in multiple cognitive domains among older adults: a multicenter study of five Nordic cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: SLEEP. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 47:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: We examined and compared cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and various cognitive domains in five separate Nordic European longitudinal aging studies (baseline N = 5631, mean age = 77.7, mean follow-up = 4.16 years).Methods: Comparable sleep parameters across studies included reduced sleep duration/quality, insomnia symptoms (sleep latency, waking up at night, and early awakenings), short and long sleep duration, and daytime napping. The cognitive domains were episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed, executive functioning, and global cognition (aggregated measure). A series of mixed linear models were run separately in each study and then compared to assess the level and rate of change in cognitive functioning across each sleep disturbance parameter. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, hypnotic usage, depressive symptoms, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular, and metabolic conditions. By using a coordinated analytic approach, comparable construct-level measurements were generated, and results from identical statistical models were qualitatively compared across studies.Results: While the pattern of statistically significant results varied across studies, subjective sleep disturbances were consistently associated with worse cognition and steeper cognitive decline. Insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer episodic memory and participants sleeping less or more than 7-8 hours had a steeper decline in perceptual speed. In addition, daytime napping (>2 hours) was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with all examined cognitive domains. Most observed associations were study-specific (except for daytime napping), and a majority of association estimates remained significant after adjusting for covariates.Conclusion: This rigorous multicenter investigation further supports the importance of sleep disturbance, including insomnia, long and short sleep duration, and daytime napping on baseline cognitive functioning and rate of change among older adults. These sleep factors may be targeted in future lifestyle interventions to reduce cognitive decline.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE FOR REFEREES TO MONITOR WHIP USE IN HORSE RACING
- 2017
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Ingår i: ISES 2017 Down Under. - 9781864673067
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no standard surveillance system for modern flat horse racing in Sweden, so the surveillance camera placement and image quality varies between tracks. Reported whip misuse and unauthorised whipping often occur outside of the camera’s view and are therefore unrecorded. Thorough investigation of the current monitoring system used in Sweden revealed concerns about whether the stewards have enough time to estimate the number of whip strikes per horse, even when camera quality is sufficient, and has led to the development of an enhanced whip system. The system prototype offers a technical solution for the supervision of whip use in modern horse racing, and it would be useful in countries where there are regulations limiting the number of strikes. Current specifications allow the system to record the attributes and number of strikes and to relay the data contemporaneously to the stewards. The system does not interfere with the operation of the camera monitoring system. Since the number of strikes is reported with total accuracy, stewards are afforded more time to focus on matters of interference and actions that are important to the final result list. The prototype is a whip with a custom-made force sensor placed on both sides of the cushion pad. The sensors measure an area 24mm wide by 275mm long and cover the entire padded part of the approved race whip. The sensor is constructed of polyester that is 0.203mm thick. The force sensor is connected to a microcontroller mounted in the handle of the whip. The microcontroller processes the sensor data and sends the information via radio waves up to 1.7km in outdoor conditions to a second microcontroller located in the steward’s office. The whip strike sensor prototype is able to distinguish between a wave of the arm that leads to no impact and a strike. The software allows the force of each strike impact to be recorded. The intention is to embed the whip strike sensor within the body of whips used in a range of equestrian disciplines in which whip use is permitted. The possibility to register the properties of whip strikes will help to safeguard the welfare of horses used in these disciplines and provide information to the equestrian community that could change the way whips are used in training and racing. Lay person message: The whipping of horses in racing leads to concerns about animal welfare globally. A whip strike sensor prototype has been developed that will facilitate detailed exploration of the effect whips have on horses and allow stewards to accurately assess the number of strikes made and forces used. It is intended to integrate strike sensors into whips used in disciplines where whipping is allowed; this will help to safeguard the welfare of horses used in these disciplines.
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| 8. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with physical activity reduction in Swedish older adults during the first COVID-19 outbreak : a longitudinal population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1813-7253 .- 1861-6909. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity (PA) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older adults, potentially leading to adverse consequences for their health. However, factors associated with reductions of PA during the pandemic have not been examined in a population-based sample of older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association of pre-pandemic physical, mental, social and lifestyle factors with reductions in PA in older adults during the first wave of COVID-19, and whether the associations differed by age and sex.Methods: A population-based sample of 624 participants aged 65-99 years were identified from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) COVID19 Study. Information on pre-pandemic factors was collected through clinical examinations, interviews, and self-administered questionnaires in 2016-2019. Changes in light and intense PA during the first wave of the pandemic (May-September 2020) were self-reported. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, stratified by age (<70 vs. >80 years) and sex.Results: There was an association between pre-pandemic levels of higher depressive symptom burden (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1-6.4, <70 years), and impaired balance (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.8, >80 years old) with reductions in light-intensity PA. Furthermore, the presence of musculoskeletal disease (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, <70 years; OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.4, men), moderate/high levels of neuroticism (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.6, <70 years; OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5, women), and poor levels of social support (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3, >80 years) were related to reductions in higher-intensity PA. Those who were current smokers (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8, <70 years; OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06-0.7, women), or had impaired balance (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8, >80 years) were less likely to reduce their levels of higher-intensity PA.Conclusions: For future pandemics or waves of COVID-19, development of strategies is warranted for older individuals with psychiatric- or physical illness/dysfunction, as well as those with poor social support to counteract reductions in physical activities.
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Low Mood and Risk of Dementia : The Role of Marital Status and Living Situation
- 2020
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 28:1, s. 33-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to explore whether low mood is related to an increased dementia risk in two cohorts of older adults of different generations, and whether marital status and living situation modify this association. Methods: Participants (>= 70 years), free from dementia and living at home, were identified from two population-based studies: the Kungsholmen Project (KP; n = 1,197) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K; n = 1,402). Low mood was obtained by self-report (KP and SNAC-K) at baseline in 1987-89 (KP) and 2001-04 (SNAC-K). Incident dementia cases were ascertained over 9 years, using the same diagnostic procedures and comparable criteria for the two cohorts (DSM-III-R in KP and DSM-IV-TR in SNAC-K). Hazard ratios (HR) were derived from Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Those having low mood at baseline were at higher risk of dementia in both cohorts combined (HR: 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-1.4) than those without low mood. However, an increased risk was detected only in those who did not have a partner (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), or lived alone (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), but not among those who had a partner or lived with someone (HR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5-1.2). Conclusion: Marital status and living situation have the potential to buffer the detrimental effects of low mood on dementia onset. Thus, specific attention from health care should target individuals having low mood and who do not have a partner or live alone.
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| 10. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of depression : Comparisons of different depression definitions in population-based samples of older adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 221, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies, which probably reflects methodological rather than true differences. This study aims to explore whether and to what extent the prevalence of depression varies when using different diagnostic criteria and rating scales, and various samples of older adults. Methods: A population-based sample of 3353 individuals aged 60-104 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) were examined in 2001-2004. Point prevalence of depression was estimated by: 1) diagnostic criteria, ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR/DSM-5; 2) rating scales, MADRS and GDS-15; and 3) self-report. Depression prevalence in sub-samples by dementia status, living place, and socio-demographics were compared. Results: The prevalence of any depression (including all severity grades) was 4.2% (moderate/severe: 1.6%) for ICD-10 and 9.3% (major: 2.1%) for DSM-IV-TR; 10.6% for MADRS and 9.2% for GDS-15; and 9.1% for selfreport. Depression prevalence was lower in the dementia-free sample as compared to the total population. Furthermore, having poor physical function, or not having a partner were independently associated with higher depression prevalence, across most of the depression definitions. Limitations: The response rate was 73.3% and this may have resulted in an underestimation of depression. Conclusion: Depression prevalence was similar across all depression definitions except for ICD-10, showing much lower figures. However, independent of the definition used, depression prevalence varies greatly by dementia status, physical functioning, and marital status. These findings may be useful for clinicians when assessing depression in older adults and for researchers when exploring and comparing depression prevalence across studies.
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| 11. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Secular changes in the relation between social factors and depression. A study of two birth cohorts of Swedish septuagenarians followed for 5 years.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 150:2, s. 245-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rapid societal changes occurred in the Western world during the 20th century. It is not clear whether this has changed the relation between social factors and depression in older people. Methods: Representative samples of 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined with identical psychiatric examinations in 1971-72 (N= 392; 226 women and 166 men) and 2000-01 (N= 499; 270 women and 229 men). Follow-up studies were conducted after five years. Social factors were obtained by self-report and depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR. Results: Feelings of loneliness were related to both concurrent depression at baseline and new depression at follow-up in both birth cohorts. Visits with others than children and neighbours once per month or less, compared to having more visits, and the perception of having too little contact with others, were related to both concurrent and new depression in 70-year-olds examined 1971-72, but not in those examined 30 years later. Limitations: The response rate declined from 85.2 % in 1971-72 to 65.8 % in 2000-01. Participation bias may have resulted in an underestimation of depression in the later-born cohort. Conclusions: Social contacts with others were related to depression in 70-year-olds examined in the 1970s, but not in those examined in the 2000s. This may reflect period changes in the ways of socialising, communicating and entertaining, e.g. due to technological development and expansion of mass media. Findings may be useful when developing modern and effective programs for the prevention of mental ill-health in older people.
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| 12. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea
(författare)
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Using a life-course approach to better understand depression in older age
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis aimed to explore the prevalence of depression, and to identify risk factors, secular changes, and consequences of depression in late adulthood from a life-course perspective. The four studies in this thesis were based on data from the H-70 study, the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), and the Kungsholmen Project (KP). The major findings of these studies are summarized below. Study I: This study used five-year follow-up data from the H-70 study to examine whether the association between social factors and depression has changed between the 1970s and 2000s in two birth cohorts of septuagenarians. Feelings of loneliness were related to higher depression risk in both of the cohorts. However, infrequent visits with others than children or neighbors (once per month or less), and the perception of having too little contact with others, were related to an increased risk of depression in 75-year-olds examined in the 1970s, but not in those examined in the 2000s. Study II: This study used SNAC-K data to examine to what extent the prevalence of depression varies when using different depression definitions and sub-samples of the population of adults aged 60−104 years. The prevalence of any depression ranged between 4.2% to 9.3% according to the diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10); 9.2% to 10.6% for the rating scales (MADRS and GDS15); and was 9.1% for self-report. Depression prevalence was lower when excluding those having dementia, as compared to the total population. Moreover, being physically dependent or not having a partner were related to higher depression prevalence across the majority of the depression definitions. Study III: This study used nine-year follow-up data from SNAC-K and KP to explore whether low mood was related to an increased risk of dementia in two birth cohorts of adults above 70 years of age, and whether marital status and living situation modify this relationship. Those having low mood at baseline were at an increased risk of dementia in both cohorts combined (hazard ratio [HR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.4), compared to those without low mood. However, the higher risk was detected only in those who did not have a partner (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9), or lived alone (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9), but not among those who had a partner or lived with someone (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.2). Study IV: This study used six-year follow-up data from SNAC-K to explore whether the experience of negative life events across the life span was related to an increased depression risk later in life. The total number of negative life events was associated with an increased risk of any depression. When further examining timing of the events, the experience of negative events (≥90th percentile) in early- (0−18 years, odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0) or late-life (>65 years, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.4) were associated with an increased risk of any depression, but not those occurring in early-adulthood (19−40 years, OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.7-2.7) or middle-adulthood (41−65 years, OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6-3.1). Conclusions: Depression prevalence was similar independent of the depression definitions used, except for ICD-10, showing much lower prevalence. Moreover, the quantity and quality of social contacts with others were related to depression in older adults examined in the 1970s, but not in those examined 30 years later. In addition, marital status and living situation have the possibility to buffer the detrimental effects of low mood on dementia onset. Finally, there are critical time periods in early-life (0−18 years) and late-life (>65 years), when the experience of negative life events exacerbates depression risk in later life.
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| 13. |
- Sparrman, Anna, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Child Studies Multiple : Collaborative play for thinking through theories and methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text is an exploration of collaborative thinking and writing through theories, methods, and experiences on the topic of the child, children, and childhood. It is a collaborative written text (with 32 authors) that sprang out of the experimental workshop Child Studies Multiple. The workshop and this text are about daring to stay with mess, “un-closure” , and uncertainty in order to investigate the (e)motions and complexities of being either a child or a researcher. The theoretical and methodological processes presented here offer an opportunity to shake the ground on which individual researchers stand by raising questions about scientific inspiration, theoretical and methodological productivity, and thinking through focusing on process, play, and collaboration. The effect of this is a questioning of the singular academic ‘I’ by exploring and showing what a plural ‘I’ can look like. It is about what the multiplicity of voice can offer research in a highly individualistic time. The article allows the reader to follow and watch the unconventional trial-and-error path of the ongoing-ness of exploring theories and methods together as a research community via methods of drama, palimpsest, and fictionary.
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| 14. |
- Thörnqvist, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Linear Epitope Binding Patterns of Grass Pollen-Specific Antibodies in Allergy and in Response to Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Allergy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6101. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic diseases affect many individuals world-wide and are dependent on the interaction between allergens and antibodies of the IgE isotype. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can alter the development of the disease, e.g., through induction of allergen-specific IgG that block allergen-IgE interactions. The knowledge of epitopes recognized by allergy-causing and protective antibodies are limited. Therefore, we developed an allergome-wide peptide microarray, aiming to track linear epitope binding patterns in allergic diseases and during AIT. Here, we focused on immune responses to grass pollen allergens and found that such epitopes were commonly recognized before initiation of AIT and that AIT commonly resulted in increased antibody production against additional epitopes already after 1 year of treatment. The linear epitope binding patterns were highly individual, both for subjects subjected to and for individuals not subjected to AIT. Still, antibodies against some linear epitopes were commonly developed during AIT. For example, the two rigid domains found in grass pollen group 5 allergens have previously been associated to a diversity of discontinuous epitopes. Here, we present evidence that also the flexible linker, connecting these domains, contains regions of linear epitopes against which antibodies are developed during AIT. We also describe some commonly recognized linear epitopes on Phl p 2 and suggest how antibodies against these epitopes may contribute to or prevent allergy in relation to a well-defined stereotyped/public IgE response against the same allergen. Finally, we identify epitopes that induce cross-reactive antibodies, but also antibodies that exclusively bind one of two highly similar variants of a linear epitope. Our findings highlight the complexity of antibody recognition of linear epitopes, with respect to both the studied individuals and the examined allergens. We expect that many of the findings in this study can be generalized also to discontinuous epitopes and that allergen peptide microarrays provide an important tool for enhancing the understanding of allergen-specific antibodies in allergic disease and during AIT.
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| 15. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging late-life depression and chronic somatic diseases : a network analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical presentation of late-life depression is highly heterogeneous and likely influenced by the co-presence of somatic diseases. Using a network approach, this study aims to explore how depressive symptoms are interconnected with each other, as well as with different measures of somatic disease burden in older adults. We examined cross-sectional data on 2860 individuals aged 60+ from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Stockholm. The severity of sixteen depressive symptoms was clinically assessed with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. We combined data from individual clinical assessment and health-registers to construct eight system-specific disease clusters (cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, metabolic, musculoskeletal, respiratory, sensory, and unclassified), along with a measure of overall somatic burden. The interconnection among depressive symptoms, and with disease clusters was explored through networks based on Spearman partial correlations. Bridge centrality index and network loadings were employed to identify depressive symptoms directly connecting disease clusters and depression. Sadness, pessimism, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts were the most interconnected symptoms of the depression network, while somatic symptoms of depression were less interconnected. In the network integrating depressive symptoms with disease clusters, suicidal thoughts, reduced appetite, and cognitive difficulties constituted the most consistent bridge connections. The same bridge symptoms emerged when considering an overall measure of somatic disease burden. Suicidal thoughts, reduced appetite, and cognitive difficulties may play a key role in the interconnection between late-life depression and somatic diseases. If confirmed in longitudinal studies, these bridging symptoms could constitute potential targets in the prevention of late-life depression.
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| 16. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Late-life depression and multimorbidity trajectories : the role of symptom complexity and severity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 52:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction as late-life depression is associated with poor somatic health, we aimed to investigate the role of depression severity and symptom phenotypes in the progression of somatic multimorbidity. Methods we analysed data from 3,042 dementia-free individuals (60+) participating in the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Using the baseline clinical assessment of 21 depressive symptoms from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, we: (i) diagnosed major, minor (in accordance with DSM-IV-TR) and subsyndromal depression; (ii) extracted symptom phenotypes by applying exploratory network graph analysis. Somatic multimorbidity was measured as the number of co-occurring chronic diseases over a 15-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to explore somatic multimorbidity trajectories in relation to baseline depression diagnoses and symptom phenotypes, while accounting for sociodemographic and behavioural factors. Results in multi-adjusted models, relative to individuals without depression, those with major (beta per year: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.61) and subsyndromal depression (beta per year: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.12-0.30) experienced an accelerated rate of somatic multimorbidity accumulation, whereas those with minor depression did not. We identified affective, anxiety, cognitive, and psychomotor symptom phenotypes from the network analysis. When modelled separately, an increase in symptom score for each phenotype was associated with faster multimorbidity accumulation, although only the cognitive phenotype retained its association in a mutually adjusted model (beta per year: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.03-0.10). Conclusions late-life major and subsyndromal depression are associated with accelerated somatic multimorbidity. Depressive symptoms characterised by a cognitive phenotype are linked to somatic health change in old age.
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| 17. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-pandemic Physical Function and Social Network in Relation to COVID-19-Associated Depressive Burden in Older Adults in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2399-5300. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the measures intended to limit its spread, have likely affected older adults’ depressive burden. Good physical functioning and a rich social network may benefit older adults’ mental health. We examined whether pre-pandemic physical functioning and social network were associated with depressive burden during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Stockholm, Sweden.Research Design and Methods: A telephone assessment of depressive burden using the symptoms of sadness, anxiety, worrying, reduced sleep, and reduced appetite was conducted in May–September 2020 in 930 older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), an ongoing population-based study. Objective measures of gait speed, muscle strength, and balance; and self-reports of social connections and support were collected in 2016–2019. Logistic models were adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and pandemic-related factors (loneliness, change in physical and social engagement, and experience of death due to COVID-19).Results: Only good muscle strength (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.85; ref: poor strength, ≥17 s) and rich social support (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; ref: poor support) exhibited an independent association with depressive burden, even after accounting for pandemic-related factors. A combination of good muscle strength and rich social support were associated with the greatest reduction in depressive burden (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18–0.66; ref: poor social support and poor muscle strength).Discussion and Implications: Prepandemic social support and muscle strength could supply older adults with resilience against the depressive burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 18. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Social engagement in late life may attenuate the burden of depressive symptoms due to financial strain in childhood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 263, s. 336-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It remains poorly understood if childhood financial strain is associated with old-age depression and if active social life may mitigate this relationship.Aims: To investigate the association between childhood financial strain and depressive symptoms during aging; to examine whether late-life social engagement modifies this association.Method: 2884 dementia-free individuals (aged 60 + ) from the Swedish National study of Aging and CareKungsholmen were clinically examined over a 15-year follow-up. Presence of childhood financial strain was ascertained at baseline. Depressive symptoms were repeatedly assessed with the Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale. Social engagement comprised information on baseline social network and leisure activities. Linear, logistic and mixed-effect models estimated baseline and longitudinal associations accounting for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors.Results: Childhood financial strain was independently associated with a higher baseline level of depressive symptoms (beta = 0.37, 95%CI 0.10-0.65), but not with symptom change over time. Relative to those without financial strain and with active social engagement, depressive burden was increased in those without financial strain but with inactive social engagement (beta = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.15-0.71), and in those with both financial strain and inactive engagement (beta = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.59-1.40). Individuals with financial strain and active social engagement exhibited similar depressive burden as those without financial strain and with active social engagement.Limitations: Recall bias and reverse causality may affect study results, although sensitivity analyses suggest their limited effect.Conclusions: Early-life financial strain may be of lasting importance for old-age depressive symptoms. Active social engagement in late-life may mitigate this association.
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| 19. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic disease burden and depression risk in late life : a community-based study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. - 2045-7960 .- 2045-7979. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. Co-occurring somatic diseases exhibit complex clinical profiles, which can differentially impact the development of late-life depression. Within a community-based cohort, we aimed to explore the association between somatic disease burden, both in terms of the number of diseases and their patterns, and the incidence of depression in older people.Methods. We analysed longitudinal data of depression- and dementia-free individuals aged 60+ years from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Depression diagnoses were clinically ascertained following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision over a 15-year follow-up. Somatic disease burden was assessed at baseline through a comprehensive list of chronic diseases obtained by combining information from clinical examinations, medication reviews and national registers and operationalized as (i) disease count and (ii) patterns of co-occurring diseases from latent class analysis. The association of somatic disease burden with depression incidence was investigated using Cox models, accounting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors.Results. The analytical sample comprised 2904 people (mean age, 73.2 [standard deviation (SD), 10.5]; female, 63.1%). Over the follow-up (mean length, 9.6 years [SD, 4 years]), 225 depression cases were detected. Each additional disease was associated with the occurrence of any depression in a dose–response manner (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.24). As for disease patterns, individuals presenting with sensory/anaemia (HR, 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.53), thyroid/musculoskeletal (HR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.39) and cardiometabolic (HR, 2.77; 95% CI: 1.40, 5.46) patterns exhibited with higher depression hazards, compared to those without 2+ diseases (multimorbidity). In the subsample of multimorbid individuals (85%), only the cardiometabolic pattern remained associated with a higher depression hazard compared to the unspecific pattern (HR, 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.84).Conclusions. Both number and patterns of co-occurring somatic diseases are associated with an increased risk of late-life depression. Mental health should be closely monitored among older adults with high somatic burden, especially if affected by cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
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| 20. |
- Triolo, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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The complex interplay between depression and multimorbidity in late life : risks and pathways
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-6374 .- 1872-6216. ; 192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multimorbidity and depression are complex multifactorial conditions with major implications for older individuals, their families, and healthcare providers. In this scoping review, we aimed to 1) review findings from longitudinal epidemiological studies investigating the association between multimorbidity and depression; 2) identify potential mechanisms linking multimorbidity and depression; 3) discuss challenges to advance the research field. Overall, evidence emerging from longitudinal studies supports a bidirectional association between the two conditions, although studies are methodologically heterogeneous in terms of design, inclusion criteria, measurement of multimorbidity and depression, and length of follow-up. A variety of biological, psychosocial, and care-related drivers may regulate the transition from multimorbidity to depression, and the other way around, although these mechanisms are yet to be explicitly verified. Further research is required to unravel the intricate interplay between multimorbidity, depression, their common drivers, and precipitating factors underlying the relationship between the two conditions. Understanding these processes will inform strategies aimed at promoting mental and physical health during aging.
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| 21. |
- Tuvesson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Life weariness and suicidal thoughts in older adults : a multi-center study in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Presented at the 23rd Nordic Congress of Gerontology (23 NKG), Tampere, Finland, June 20-22, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Suicidality in late life is a public health concern worldwide and suicidal thoughts may be an important risk factor for suicide in old age. The overall aim of the present study was to investigate the possible importance of demographic characteristics, especially sex and age, for suicidal thoughts in a Swedish population-based cohort of older adults aged 60+ years.Methods: In this multicenter study, data from 7913 individuals aged 60+ years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC) were used. One item of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to measure life weariness and suicidal thoughts. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and suicidal thoughts.Findings: Multivariate analysis showed that suicidal thoughts independently increased with age. Sex was, however, found to be unrelated to suicidal thoughts after controlling for other socio-demographic factors. Living in an urban or midsize geographical area, being widowed/unmarried/divorced, born in an European country other than the Nordic countries, in a residential care facility and having financial difficulties was related to suicidal thoughts.Conclusions: Taking these socio-demographic characteristics into consideration may aid in the design of prevention programs for late life suicidality.
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| 22. |
- Wu, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Air pollution, social engagement, and depression in older adults : Results from a Swedish population-based cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although emerging research has investigated the relationship between outdoor air pollution and depression risk in older adults, the results remain inconclusive. We aimed to determine the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and depression among older adults and explore whether active social engagement may modify this association. At baseline (2001–2004), 2812 depression-free older adults from Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) were included. SNAC-K is a longitudinal population-based cohort in Stockholm, Sweden. Incident depression cases occurred during 2004–2013 were ascertained using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition. Air pollution [particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] at the residency were estimated using dispersion models. Social engagement was measured as active participation in social activities (at least twice/week) or inactive (less than twice/week) in the last 12 months. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of depression from air pollution exposure of 3-year moving average before diagnosis (1-μg/m3 difference in PM2.5 and PM10, and 10-μg/m3 difference in NOx) were obtained from Cox models considering greenspace and noise. A product term of air pollutant and social activity was added to test the multiplicative interaction and attributable proportion due to interaction was calculated for assessing additive interaction. We identified 137 (4.9%) incident depression cases. Participants exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5, NOx, and PM10 had 53% (HR:1.53 [1.22, 1.93]), 26% (HR:1.26 [1.01, 1.58]), and 7% (HR:1.07 [0.98, 1.18]) increased hazard of depression, respectively. These associations were largely attenuated in people with active social engagement (HR for PM2.5: 1.04 [0.70, 1.55]; HR for PM10: 0.98 [0.81, 1.18]; and HR for NOx: 1.09 [0.71, 1.66]). Our findings suggest long-term exposure to air pollution may be a risk factor for depression among older adults. An active social engagement might however decrease this risk.
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| 23. |
- Zuidersma, Marij, et al.
(författare)
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A bi-factor model of the Montgomery Åsberg depression rating scale and future cognitive impairments in older adults : A 6-year follow-up study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3956 .- 1879-1379. ; 109, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression has been found to be associated with cognitive decline. This study evaluated the association of general depressive symptoms and motivational-related symptoms with cognitive impairment 6 years later and to explore the role of potential underlying mechanisms. In 2690 cognitively healthy persons aged ≥60 from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) depressive symptoms were derived from the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and 6 years later in 1810 persons with the Mini Mental State Examination (global cognition), Digit Span Forward (short-term memory), Digit Span Backward (working memory), Clock-test (visuospatial construction), and the 5-item test (immediate and delayed recall). Bi-factor analysis on the MADRS yielded a General Depression factor and an unrelated Motivational factor. After adjusting for demographics, the General Depression factor was only associated with 6-year impairment in delayed recall (OR (95% CI): 1.18 (1.04-1.34)). This association was no longer significant after adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle factors and medication use. The Motivational factor was not significantly associated with future cognitive impairments after adjusting for demographics. Concluding, almost all associations of general depressive symptoms and motivational-related symptoms with future cognitive impairments appeared to be confounded by demographics. Only the association of general depressive symptoms with future memory impairments appeared to be explained by a combination of demographics, cardiovascular risk, lifestyle and medication use.
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