| 1. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hagstrom, Emil, et al.
(författare)
-
IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT AT AGE 20 AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING ADULTHOOD ON MIDLIFE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN 15,000 MEN AND WOMEN : AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDISH CARDIOPULMONARY BIOIMAGE STUDY
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 1692-1692
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundElevated body weight in adolescence is strongly associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, or to weight gain with subsequent high adult weight is not known. Using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated the association between weight at age 20, weight gain to midlife and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) at midlife.MethodsIn the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on CACS at midlife, self-reported body weight at age 20 and weight at examination in SCAPIS were recorded.ResultsCACS in midlife was significantly higher with increasing weight at age 20 (p<0.001 for both sexes), and then increased with weight gain until midlife at all levels of body weight at age 20 after adjusting for age, height, smoking, alcohol intake, education level, exercise levels and LDL cholesterol. However, the association with weight gain was only significant in men (p = 0.047), not in women (p=0.474). No significant interaction was seen between weight at age 20 and midlife weight with CACS. The effect of weight at age 20 on CACS was significantly more marked in men than in women, as was the effect of weight gain (p<0.001 for both interactions).ConclusionWeight at age 20 and weight gain to midlife were both related to CACS, but much more markedly so in men than in women, indicating a generally larger effect of both early adult weight and further weight gain until midlife on CACS in men, compared to women.
|
|
| 3. |
- Skoglund, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
From spawner habitat selection to stock-recruitment: Implications for assessment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between the spawning stock size and subsequent number of recruits is a central concept in fisheries ecology. The influence of habitat selection of spawning individuals on the stock-recruitment relationship is poorly known. Here we explore how each of four different spawner behaviors might influence the stock-recruitment relationship and estimates of its parameters in the two most commonly used stock-recruitment functions (Beverton-Holt and Ricker). Using simulated stock-recruitment data generated by four different spawner behaviors applied to multiple discrete habitats, we show that when spawners were distributed proportionally to local carrying capacities, there was small or no bias in estimated recruitment and stock-recruitment parameters. For an ideal free distribution of spawners, larger bias in the estimates of recruitment and stock-recruitment parameters was obtained, whereas a random and a stepwise spawner behavior introduced the largest bias. Using stock-recruitment data corresponding to a "realistic " range of population densities and adding measurement error (20%-60%) to the simulated stock-recruitment data generated larger variation in the estimation bias than what was introduced by the spawner behavior. Thus, for exploited stocks at low population density and where spawning stock size and recruitment cannot be observed perfectly, partial observation of the possible spawner abundance range and measurement error might be of higher concern for management.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
|
|
| 5. |
- Botero Vega, Carlos Alberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Additive Manufacturing of a Cold-Work Tool Steel using Electron Beam Melting
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 19:5, s. 1-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is on its way to industrialization. One of the most promising techniques within this field, electron beam melting (EBM), is nowadays used mostly for the fabrication of high‐performance Ti‐based alloy components for the aerospace and medical industry. Among the industrial applications envisioned for the future of EBM, the fabrication of high carbon steels for the tooling industry is of great interest. In this context, the process windows for dense and crack‐free specimens for a highly alloyed (Cr–Mo–V) cold‐work steel powder are presented in this article. High‐solidification rates during EBM processing lead to very fine and homogeneous microstructures. The influence of process parameters on the resulting microstructure and the chemical composition is investigated. In addition, preliminary results show very promising mechanical properties regarding the as‐built and heat‐treated microstructure of the obtained material.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 8. |
- Florén, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Vegetationsklädda bottnar i Gävleborgs läns kustvatten - Trendövervakning 2016
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan år 2002 inventeras bottenvegetationen på ett antal dyktransekter längs Gävleborgs läns kust inom den regionala miljöövervakningen, programområde Kust och Hav. Syftet med programmet är att beskriva makrovegetationens artsammansättning, djuputbredning och långsiktiga förändringar. Undersökningen är en del av länsstyrelsens uppdrag att följa miljötillståndet i länet. Resultaten kan användas för miljömålsuppföljning, inom vattenförvaltning och havsplanering, samt som referensdata för verksamheters kontrollprogram. Tång (Fucus spp.), stora fleråriga brunalger som skapar en skogsliknande miljö på hårdbottnar i havet, ges särskilt fokus i miljöövervakningen. Tången är en nyckelart som skapar viktiga livsmiljöer för smådjur och många fiskar, vilka finner mat och skydd i tångskogarna. De fungerar även som uppväxtplatser för fiskyngel.2016 års inventering utfördes under augusti månad av AquaBiota Water Research och Peter Hansson vid Kustfilm Nord AB och omfattade totalt 19 transekter längs länets kust. Resultaten visar att länets inventeringslokaler har god eller hög status. Samtidigt har en generell minskning av uppskattad yttäckning och djuputbredning av tång skett sedan 2014, om än inte statistiskt säkerställd. Minskningen i både yttäckning och djuputbredning kan bero av populationsdynamik där en minskning av tångutbredning är naturlig i samband med generationsväxlingar. Det går dock inte att utesluta antropogen påverkan i form av ökad näringsbelastning eller mer indirekt påverkan orsakade av rubbningar i ekosystemet. Möjligen kan minskningen kopplas till storskaliga förändringar som sker ute i havet då den negativa utvecklingen var begränsad till länets södra del i anslutning till utsjömiljö. Tångens utbredning i övriga delar av länet var i princip oförändrad sedan 2014. Positivt är dock att en viss återhämtning pågår, då en föryngring av tången noterades på de flesta lokaler.
|
|
| 9. |
- Holgersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Anmälningar mot poliser
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Tidskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, 93, 3, 289-305.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 10. |
- Holgersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Anmälningar mot poliser : Complaints against the police
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. - 0029-1528. ; 93:3, s. 289-305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we argue that judicial efforts to eliminate bad behaviours on thepart of police personnel have a negative, as opposed to a positive, effect onthe attempt to reduce such problems.Since bad behaviour often fails to constituteoutright illegality, it is difficult to tackle within the juridical forum. Itseems to be easier and therefore more attractive to commanders to hand oversuch problems to departments of internal affairs to be processed externally,rather than to try to act to get rid of such matters within the organization viaa more comprehensive approach designed to motivate police personnel tobehave more appropriately. While definitely not the only reason for the currentstate of affairs, the present juridical system is an important factor.*
|
|
