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- Chaciński, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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100GHz electro-optical modulator chip
- 2011
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Ingår i: Opto-Electron. Commun. Conf., OECC. - 9781612842882 ; , s. 59-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent development on high speed electro-optical modulator is presented. The performance of 100GHz modulation bandwidth enabling for 100Gbps On-Off-Keying operation is shown.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, U., et al.
(författare)
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Design and fabrication of electroabsorption modulators for data rates up to 100 Gb/s
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. Int. Conf. Transparent Opt. Netw.. - 0780383435 - 9780780383432 ; , s. 41-46
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present segmented transmission-line (TML) electroabsorption modulators (EAM) matched to 50 Ω. The devices show excellent high frequency performance up to 50 GHz, and exhibit a maximum model-extrapolated 3 dBe bandwidth of 90 GHz. Design considerations and optimization techniques for periodic segmented TML-EAMs are discussed. Also methods used for the device fabrication are presented.
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| 6. |
- Falconer, C, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in paraurethral connective tissue at menopause are counteracted by estrogen
- 1996
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - 0378-5122. ; 24:3, s. 197-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study whether the transition to menopause is accompanied by changes in the paraurethral connective tissue and if these changes are modified by estrogen replacement therapy.STUDY DESIGN: Biopsies were obtained from the paraurethral tissue from 34 women; 12 menstruating, 14 postmenopausal without estrogen treatment, and 8 with estrogen treatment. Collagen concentration and collagen extractability by pepsin digestion were measured. Proteoglycan composition and concentration were analysed using Alcian blue. The mRNA levels for collagen I and III, the small proteoglycans (PGS) decorin and biglycan, and the large proteoglycan versican, were estimated.RESULTS: The paraurethral biopsies consisted of fibrous connective tissue, with collagen fibers as dominating structure. Several proteoglycans were identified; versican, heparansulphate proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin. The small proteoglycan decorin represented 85% of all proteoglycans. The collagen concentration was almost doubled in postmenopausal biopsies compared to premenopausal. The collagen fibril organization was also changed with higher cross-linking after menopause whereas the amount and the composition of the proteoglycans were unchanged. The proteoglycan/collagen ratio was significantly decreased. Estrogen replacement therapy resulted in decreased collagen concentration, decreased cross-linking of the collagen and reversal of the PGS/collagen ratio to almost premenopausal level. The therapy resulted in increased levels of mRNA for collagen I and III which suggests that the changes are due to an increased turnover.CONCLUSION: The decrease in estrogen levels at menopause results in a connective tissue with different qualities after menopause. Estrogen replacement therapy tends to restore the metabolism of the genitourinary connective tissue to premenopausal conditions.
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| 7. |
- Falconer, C, et al.
(författare)
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Different organization of collagen fibrils in stress-incontinent women of fertile age
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349. ; 77, s. 87-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that stress urinary incontinence in women is correlated to changes in the paraurethral connective tissue ultrastructure and metabolism.METHODS: Transvaginal biopsies were obtained from the paraurethral connective tissue in women of fertile age with stress urinary incontinence and in matched continent controls. All the stress-incontinent women were characterized with urodynamic investigation. In the biopsies, collagen concentration, measured as hydroxyproline, and the degree of extraction by pepsin digestion were quantified. Proteoglycan composition and concentration were analyzed using Alcian blue precipitation, followed by electrophoretic separation and quantification. Using Northern blots mRNA levels for the collagens I and III, the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan, and the large proteoglycan versican, were quantified. Collagen organization was examined with transmission electron microscopy and the diameters of collagen fibrils were analyzed with an interactive image analysis system (IBAS, Zeiss/Kontron).RESULTS: The biochemical and morphological analyses exposed a significant difference in the paraurethral connective tissue between stress urinary incontinent women before menopause and comparable controls. The collagen concentration was almost 30% higher and the diameters of the collagen fibrils were 30% larger in the incontinent group of women. Also the organization of the collagen fibrils differed, with considerably higher cross-linking. A higher level of mRNA for collagen I and III in the incontinent group indicates that the differences can be related to an altered collagen metabolism. No change of proteoglycan amount or composition was observed, resulting in a significantly lower proteoglycan/collagen ratio in the incontinent group of women.CONCLUSION: Stress urinary incontinence in fertile women is associated with a change in collagen metabolism resulting in an increased concentration of collagen and larger collagen fibrils. These alterations should result in a more rigid form of extracellular matrix, suggesting a connective tissue with impaired mechanical function.
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| 8. |
- Falconer, C, et al.
(författare)
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Paraurethral connective tissue in stress-incontinent women after menopause
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349. ; 77:1, s. 95-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study whether stress urinary incontinence after menopause is correlated to changes in the paraurethral connective tissue ultrastructure and metabolism.METHODS: Transvaginal biopsies were obtained from the paraurethral connective tissue in stress urinary incontinent women after menopause with and without estrogen replacement therapy, and from comparable controls. All the stress-incontinent women underwent urodynamic investigation. In the specimens, collagen concentration, measured as hydroxyproline, and the degree of extractability by pepsin digestion, were quantified. Proteoglycan composition and concentration were analyzed using Alcian Blue precipitation, followed by electro-phoretic separation and quantification. Using Northern blots, mRNA levels for the collagens I and III, the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan, and the large proteoglycan versican, were quantified. Collagen structure was examined with transmission electron microscopy, and the diameters of collagen fibrils were analyzed with an interactive image analysis system (IBAS, Zeiss/Kontron).RESULTS: No significant difference in paraurethral connective tissue biochemistry or ultrastructure was registered between women with stress incontinence and controls. Estrogen replacement therapy resulted in a lower collagen concentration both between the controls (p = 0.02) and between the incontinent women (0.02). In the women with stress incontinence also the extractability by pepsin digestion was higher in the group with estrogen treatment (p = 0.004), indicating a decrease in cross-linking. The proteoglycan/collagen ratio was higher in the control group with estrogen treatment compared to untreated (p = 0.02), but no difference was found between estrogen treated and untreated incontinent women. The median collagen fibril diameter was 15% larger in the incontinent group of women without estrogen therapy compared to the control group and 5% larger when comparing the incontinent group on estrogen replacement therapy to the corresponding control group.CONCLUSION: The extracellular matrix of paraurethral connective tissue in stress urinary incontinent women after menopause reacted differently to estrogen replacement therapy compared to continent controls. In contrast to incontinent women of fertile age no major changes in collagen metabolism were found in stress urinary incontinent women after menopause.
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| 10. |
- Haraldsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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PROspective evaluation of coronary FLOW reserve and molecular biomarkers in patients with established coronary artery disease the PROFLOW-trial: cross-sectional evaluation of coronary flow reserve
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vascular Health and Risk Management. - 1176-6344. ; 15, s. 375-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) are at high risk of new major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is a strong and independent predictor of MACE. Understanding the prevalence of impaired CFR in this patient group and identifying risk markers for impaired CFR are important steps in the development of personalized and targeted treatment for high-risk individuals with prior MI. Methods: PROFLOW is a prospective, exploratory, cross-sectional open study. We used information from the SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry) to identify high-risk patients with a history of type-1 MI. We measured CFR non-invasively in a left anterior descending artery (LAD) using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Coronary flow velocity was measured at rest and at maximal flow after induction of hyperemia by intravenous infusion of adenosine (140 mu g/kg/min). Independent predictors of CFR were assessed with multiple linear regression. Results: We included 619 patients. The median age was 69 (IQR 65-73), and 114 (18.4%) were women. Almost one-half of the patients, 285 (46.0%) had the multi-vessel disease, and 147 (23.7%) were incompletely revascularized. The majority were on optimal standard treatment eg ASA (93.1%), statins (90.0%), ACEI/ARB (82.6%) and beta-blockers (80.8%). The majority, 547 (88.4%) had no angina pectoris, and 572 (92.2%) were in NYHA class I. Evaluation of CFR was possible in 611 (98.7%) patients. Mean CFR was 2.74 (+/- 0.79 (mean +/- SD)). A substantial number of patients (39.7%) had CFR <= 2.5. In a multiple linear regression model age, dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension, body mass index, incomplete revascularization, and treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers were independent predictors of CFR. Conclusion: In this high-risk group of patients with prior MI, the prevalence of impaired CFR was high. Further risk stratification with CFR in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors may improve predictive accuracy for future MACE in this patient population.
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