| 46391. |
- Enroth, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Infectious Diseases : Helicobacter pylori
- 2015
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Ingår i: Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 9780128012383
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common human infections in the world. The bacteria cause peptic ulcer disease and their infection is an important factor for gastric cancer development. The bacteria are transmitted from person to person within families, with young children most often infected. The bacteria reside in the stomach for a lifetime if untreated by antimicrobial agents. Many virulence factors are known that contribute to the persistence of the bacteria in the stomach, and the bacteria harbors a pathogenicity island in its genome. The discovery of H. pylori as a cause of gastritis in the stomach led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005.
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| 46392. |
- Epp, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Sialylation of IgG antibodies inhibits IgG-mediated allergic reactions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 141:1, s. 8-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In presence of high allergen dosis besides IgE also IgG antibodies can induce allergic reactions, whose severity is dependent on the induced type of IgG Fc glycosylation, what should be considered for new AIT protocols containing new adjuvants.
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| 46393. |
- Erb, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of bovine coagulation factor X and its glutamic-acid-containing fragments with phospholipid membranes. A surface plasmon resonance study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956. ; 269:12, s. 3041-3046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of blood coagulation factor X and its Gla-containing fragments with negatively charged phospholipid membranes composed of 25 mol% phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and 75 mol% phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was studied by surface plasmon resonance. The binding to 100 mol% PtdCho membranes was negligible. The calcium dependence in the membrane binding was evaluated for intact bovine factor X (factor X) and the fragment containing the Gla-domain and the N-terminal EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domain, Gla-EGFN, from factor X. Both proteins show the same calcium dependence in the membrane binding. Calcium binding is cooperative and half-maximum binding was observed at 1.5 mm and 1.4 mm, with the best fit to the experimental data with three cooperatively bound calcium ions for both the intact protein and the fragment. The dissociation constant (Kd) for binding to membranes containing 25 mol% PtdSer decreased from 4.6 microm for the isolated Gla-domain to 1 microm for the fragments Gla-EGFN and Gla-EGFNC (the Gla-domain and both EGF-like domains) fragments and to 40 nm for the entire protein as zymogen, activated enzyme or in the active-site inhibited form. Analysis of the kinetics of adsorption and desorption confirmed the equilibrium binding data.
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| 46394. |
- Erfan, Ahmed M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in Egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination
- 2018
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Ingår i: Virus Research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 251, s. 78-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is one of the commercially important diseases of poultry worldwide. In Egypt, CAV has been reported to be a potential threat to the commercial poultry sectors. Hence, this study was aimed at isolation and full genomic analysis of CAVs circulating in chicken populations in different geographical location in Egypt. A total of 42 samples were collected from broiler chicken flocks in 9 governorates in Egypt from 12 to 42 days of age. The mortality rate observed among chickens was ranging from 3% to 22%. Nineteen out of 42 farms were found positive for the CAV genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Full genome sequencing was conducted for 18 positive samples. Genetic analysis revealed a high similarity of > 99% in 11 viruses with the vaccine strain Del-Ros; while the other seven samples shared close similarity to CAV field strains isolated from China, Taiwan, and Brazil. The data also indicated Q139 and Q144 amino acids substitutions among the VP1 of Egyptian field strains, which are known to be important in virus replication and spread. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced viruses (n = 18) based on either the full gene nucleotide sequence or VP1 coding sequence, suggested the circulation of four distinct genotypes in Egypt designated as group A, B, C and D. Moreover, evidence of recombination was detected among four Egyptian CAVs located within group A. The findings of this study succeeded to elucidate the epidemiological and genetic features of CAVs circulating in Egypt, and underscores the important of CAVs surveillance.
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| 46395. |
- Erfan, Ahmed M., et al.
(författare)
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Chicken anaemia virus enhances and prolongs subsequent avian influenza (H9N2) and infectious bronchitis viral infections
- 2019
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 230, s. 123-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunosuppressive viral diseases have a great economic importance in the poultry industry due to the increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in chickens. In addition, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) of subtype H9N2 and infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses are among the most frequently reported respiratory viral diseases in poultry worldwide. In the present study, specific pathogen free chickens were used to understand the impact of CAV on secondary infection with LPAI-H9N2 or 1B viruses. Clinical outcomes, viral shedding dynamics, and cytokine levels wereassessed. The results exhibit that chickens previously infected with CAV produceconsiderablyhigher titresof LPAI-H9N2 or IB viruses in the oropharyngeal swabs (P < 0.05), tracheas and kidneys. In addition, the immunologic effect of CAV provokedthe development of clinical signs of LPAI-H9N2 and IB virus infections. Moreover, results suggested that pre-infection with CAV directly correlated with elevated levels of IL-6 and IFN gamma. These findings underline the importance of CAV pre-infection on LPAI-H9N2 or IB infection in chickens, and indicate that co-circulation of CAV can contribute to the spread and evolution of LPAI H9N2 and IB viruses.
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| 46396. |
- Ericsdotter, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Reactivation of herpes simplex type 1 in pneumococcal meningitis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 66, s. 100-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis are two rare but serious infections affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Concurrent bacterial and viral CNS infection has occasionally been reported. Objectives: To illustrate the possibility of intrathecal infection with both Streptococcus pneumonia and HSV-1 by presenting a case and to examine whether herpesvirus reactivation is common in ABM. Study design: We report a case diagnosed with HSV-1 reactivation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during treatment for pneumococcal ABM. A retrospective analysis of CSF samples from 21 patients with ABM was performed, with analysis of DNA from HSV-1 and four other neurotropic herpesviruses. Results: All 21CSF samples were negative for HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella zoster-virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6 DNA by PCR. Conclusions: Although herpesvirus infection does not seem to be a common phenomenon in ABM we suggest that HSV-1 reactivation could be kept in mind if patients with ABM show symptoms or signs compatible with encephalitis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 46397. |
- Ericsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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CCL25/CCR9 promotes the induction and function of CD103 on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1521-4141 .- 0014-2980. ; 34:10, s. 2720-2729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integrin CD103 and the chemokine receptor CCR9 are co-expressed on small intestinal CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), naïve murine CD8+ T cells and by a small population of effector/memory CD8+ T cells, indicating a potential role for CCR9 in regulating CD103 expression and function. Here, we demonstrate that CD103, in contrast to CCR9, is down-regulated on CD8+ T cells following their activation in mesenteric lymph nodes and that effector CD8+ T cells upon initial entry into the small intestinal epithelium are CCR9+CD103-. CD103 was rapidly induced on wild-type CD8+ T cells subsequent to their entry into the small intestinal epithelium, however, CCR9-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited a significant delay in CD103 induction at this site. In addition, the CCR9 ligand, CCL25, that is constitutively expressed in the small intestinal epithelium, induced transient, dose-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive CD103-mediated adhesion of CD8+ small intestinal IEL to a murine E-cadherin human Fc (mEFc) fusion protein. Together, these results demonstrate a role for CCR9/CCL25 in promoting the induction and function of CD103 on CD8+ IEL and suggest that this chemokine receptor/chemokine pair may function to regulate lymphocyte-epithelial interactions in the small intestinal mucosa.
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| 46398. |
- Ericsson, Anna
(författare)
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Expression and regulation of CCL25 and its role in T cell localization to and function within the small intestine
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Earlier studies have demonstrated an important role for the chemokine CCL25, and its receptor CCR9, in the generation of the small intestinal lymphocyte compartment. The work in this thesis was aimed at determining how CCL25 is regulated within the small intestinal mucosa, and what potential role it plays in T cell localization to and function within this site. We have identified epithelial cells as the main source of CCL25 mRNA in the small intestine, and also defined the CCL25 minimal promotor. CCL25 expression was independent of signaling through the lymphotoxin b receptor (LTbR) and inflammatory stimuli, which are signals regulating other chemokine genes. Instead, we suggest a novel role for the caudal related homeobox transcription factors Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 in driving small intestinal CCL25 expression. We have also showed that CCL25 promotes the induction and function of the integrin CD103 on small intestinal IEL. CD103 interacts with E-cadherin on epithelial cells, and by modulating this interaction CCL25 may regulate IEL-epithelial cell interactions and thus have effects on both IEL and epithelial cell function in the small intestine. Finally, we examined the role of CCL25/CCR9 in CD4 T cell localization to the small intestinal lamina propria and demonstrate both CCR9 dependent and independent mechanisms for CD4 T cell entry into the this site.
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| 46399. |
- Ericsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Functional characterization of the CCL25 promoter in small intestinal epithelial cells suggests a regulatory role for caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) transcription factors
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 176:6, s. 3642-3651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemokine CCL25 is selectively and constitutively expressed in the small intestinal epithelium and plays an important role in mediating lymphocyte recruitment to this site. In this study, we demonstrate that CCL25 expression in murine small intestinal epithelial cells is independent of signaling through the lymphotoxin 0 receptor and is not enhanced by inflammatory stimuli, pathways involved in driving the expression of most other chemokines. We define a transcriptional start site in the CCL25 gene and a region -141 to -5 proximal of exon 1 that is required for minimal promoter activity in the small intestinal epithelial cell lines, MODE-K and mICc12. These cell lines expressed far less CCL25 mRNA than freshly isolated small intestinal epithelial cells indicating that they are missing important factors driving CCL25 expression. The CCL25 promoter contained putative binding sites for,the intestinal epithelial-associated Caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) transcription factors Cdx-1 and Cdx-2, and small intestinal epithelial cells but not MODE-K and mICc12 cells expressed Cdx-1 and Cdx-2. EMSA analysis demonstrated that Cdx proteins were present in nuclear extracts from freshly isolated small intestinal epithelial cells but not in MODE-K or mICcl2 cells, and bound to putative Cdx sites within the CCL25 promoter. Finally, cotransfection of MODE-K cells with Cdx transcription factors significantly increased CCL25 promoter activity as well as endogenous CCL25 mRNA levels. Together these results demonstrate a unique pattern of regulation for CCL25 and suggest a role for Cdx proteins in regulating CCL25 transcription.
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| 46400. |
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