| 31. |
- Tyrode, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure and hydration of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactants at the air/liquid interface. A vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 111:31, s. 11642-11652
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption layers of penta(ethylene oxide) n-dodecyl ether (C12E5) at the air/liquid interface have been studied using the surface-sensitive technique vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). The CH and COC stretching vibrations of the surfactant molecule, as well as the OH stretching vibrations of the surface water molecules, have been targeted to obtain a comprehensive picture of the adsorption process. The concentration range studied comprises different adsorption regimes, starting from the neat water surface until attaining the saturated liquid expanded monolayer when approaching the critical micellar concentration (cmc). The surfactant molecules were found to first adsorb to the air-liquid interface with their hydrocarbon tails preferentially orientated close to the surface plane, surrounded by patches of unperturbed surface water. These patches were only seen to disappear at areas per molecule close to 65 A(2), coinciding with a sudden change in the orientation of the surfactant alkyl chains, which adopted a more upright configuration. Nonetheless, gauche defects in the hydrocarbon tails were observed along the whole concentration range, even above the cmc. Moreover, the poly(ethylene oxide) headgroup was seen to induce a significant structuring of the water molecules in direct proximity to the surfactant monolayer, despite being themselves substantially disordered. Comparison of the hydration fingerprint region is made with another non-ionic surfactant with a sugar-based headgroup. The temperature effect in the VSFS spectra of C12E4 and C12E8 solutions has also been considered, and the results are discussed in terms of the different models proposed to explain the peculiar temperature dependence of ethylene oxide-based surfactants and polymers in water.
|
|
| 32. |
- Andersson, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Passive and Adaptive Damping Systems for Vibration Mitigation and Increased Fatigue Service Life of a Tied Arch Railway Bridge
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Wiley. - 1093-9687 .- 1467-8667. ; 30:9, s. 748-757
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n this article, the use of external damping systems for vibration mitigation of railway bridge dynamics is studied. For a presented case study bridge, the performance of different tuned mass damper systems (TMDs) is studied. During train passage, the change in dynamic characteristics of the bridge may produce a significant detune to a passive TMD. Therefore, routines for a variable stiffness TMD using incremental frequency estimates are developed. Based on numerical simulations, the cumulative fatigue damage is calculated for different damper systems. Due to resonant behavior, the results are found to highly depend on the train speed. Based on an assumed probability density function for the train speed, fragility curves are produced to express the probability of fatigue failure as a function of the number of train passages.
|
|
| 33. |
- Bylund, Ami
(författare)
-
"Wait for us to catch up" : Aspects of family functioning after gastric bypass surgery
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To investigate aspects of family functioning when a family member has undergone Gastric Bypass surgery (GBP).Methods: Study I explored experiences of family functioning three months after GBP, based on nine family interviews, analyzed using Gadamerian hermeneutics. Using Classic grounded theory, Study II focused on how families resolve their primary concerns after GBP, through interviews with 16 families. Study III evaluated the reliability and validity of the General Functioning Scale (GFS) based on 163 self-reported questionnaires, and used psychometric analyses. Study IV explored associations between family functioning, weight loss, sex and Health Related-Quality of Life (HR-QoL), based on self-reported questionnaires from 153 participants and utilized descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.Results: Study I revealed a process of three intertwined changes in family functioning three months after GBP: Living in ambiguous relationship, rewriting family patterns and strengthening family cohesion. Study II showed that families shared a main concern of unexpected change after GBP, resulting in the theory Stabilizing family life, explained as a social process to decrease uncertainty and find stability and well-being in family interactions. This resulted in attaining unity, returning to old family patterns or disconnecting. Study III suggested GFS as a promising tool for assessing family functioning in a Swedish bariatric sample, showing satisfactory reliability and validity. Study IV showed associations between family functioning and the mental dimensions of HR-QoL, two years after GBP. Percent weight loss was associated with the physical dimension. Sex showed no associations to HR-QoL.Conclusion: Families experienced unexpected challenges after GBP affecting family functioning. Mutual remodeling of family life to incorporate changes was seen. Families underwent a social process, indicating that families may represent a resource in bariatric nursing care. A family-system nursing perspective as complement to standard care may be beneficial. As family functioning influence HR-QoL identifying available family resources and giving tailored information to support self-care strategies after GBP, may result in sustainable family functioning and individual health. Studies aimed at identify families that may benefit from family-system nursing interventions are suggested for future inquiry.
|
|
| 34. |
- Grut, Gustav, 1987-
(författare)
-
“Ethics are generally not in play here” : The neutralization techniques of “the bad boy of pharma”Martin Shkreli
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 0029-1528 .- 2446-3051. ; 106:3, s. 349-364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2015, the American company Turing Pharmaceuticals increased the price of the drug Daraprim by 5,000 percent overnight. Politicians and healthcare representatives accused Turing’s CEO, Martin Shkreli, of having harmed both vulnerable patient groups and the healthcare system. The present article aims to attain an understanding of how Shkreli justified increasing the price and restricting the distribution of the drug Daraprim. Statements made by Shkreli in four video interviews were analyzed on the basis of Sykes and Matza’s (1957) theoretical framework of neutralization techniques. All techniques of neutralization were identified. Shkreli shifted the blame to other actors, denied the existence of victims and of harm to the nation’s healthcare system, characterized his accusers as corrupt, and portrayed profit maximization as a more important goal than public health.
|
|
| 35. |
- Mazur, Mikael, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generator Based on Time-Domain Multiplane Light Conversion
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2019 - Proceedings. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 2162-2701. ; Part F160-OFC 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present theoretically lossless optical arbitrary waveform generation based on time-domain multi-plane light conversion, with alternating phase modulation and dispersion. We demonstrate the concept by implementing Nyquist shaped QPSK and OOK using phase modulation only.
|
|
| 36. |
- Benetos, Emmanouil, et al.
(författare)
-
Automatic transcription of Turkish microtonal music
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 138:4, s. 2118-2130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic music transcription, a central topic in music signal analysis, is typically limited to equal-tempered music and evaluated on a quartertone tolerance level. A system is proposed to automatically transcribe microtonal and heterophonic music as applied to the makam music of Turkey. Specific traits of this music that deviate from properties targeted by current transcription tools are discussed, and a collection of instrumental and vocal recordings is compiled, along with aligned microtonal reference pitch annotations. An existing multi-pitch detection algorithm is adapted for transcribing music with 20 cent resolution, and a method for converting a multi-pitch heterophonic output into a single melodic line is proposed. Evaluation metrics for transcribing microtonal music are applied, which use various levels of tolerance for inaccuracies with respect to frequency and time. Results show that the system is able to transcribe microtonal instrumental music at 20 cent resolution with an F-measure of 56.7%, outperforming state-of-the-art methods for the same task. Case studies on transcribed recordings are provided, to demonstrate the shortcomings and the strengths of the proposed method.
|
|
| 37. |
- Wittström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrophysiological evaluation and visual outcome in patients with central retinal vein occlusion, primary open-angle glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 88, s. 86-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) using electrophysiology in order to gain better understanding of visual outcome and risk factors, such as previously diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Eighty-three patients (83 eyes) initially presenting with CRVO and examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) within 3 months of the thrombotic event were analysed retrospectively regarding treatment, risk factors and visual outcome. In addition, 30 patients initially presenting with NVG caused by CRVO were also investigated regarding risk factors using electrophysiology in order to determine the cause of their visual impairment. Results: Nineteen (23%) of the 83 patients initially presenting with CRVO had been diagnosed previously with POAG. Ninety-five per cent (18/19) of all the patients with previously diagnosed glaucoma developed ischaemic CRVO. Thirty-four per cent of the patients initially presenting with CRVO (28/83) developed NVG. Sixty-eight per cent (13/19) of the patients with previous glaucoma developed NVG, compared to 23% (15/64) of the patients without previous POAG. In the patients who initially presented with NVG, full-field ERG demonstrated a remaining retinal function of both cones and rods, indicating that the main cause of visual impairment is ischaemia of the ganglion cell layer. Conclusion: Glaucoma is a significant risk factor for developing ischaemic CRVO and subsequent NVG. The presence of POAG in CRVO worsens visual outcome. NVG is associated with preserved photoreceptor function, thus indicating ischaemia of the ganglion cell layer as the primary cause of visual impairment. This emphasizes the importance of prompt treatment of ischaemia and elevated intraocular pressure in these patients.
|
|
| 38. |
- Gaylard, Adrian Philip, et al.
(författare)
-
A Computational Investigation of Ground Simulation for a Saloon Car
- 2014
-
Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems. - : SAE International. - 1946-3995 .- 1946-4002. ; 7:1, s. 111-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automotive aerodynamics measurements and simulations now routinely use a moving ground and rotating wheels (MVG&RW), which is more representative of on-road conditions than the fixed ground-fixed wheel (FG&FW) alternative. This can be understood as a combination of three elements: (a) moving ground (MVG), (b) rotating front wheels (RWF) and (c) rotating rear wheels (RWR). The interaction of these elements with the flow field has been explored to date by mainly experimental means.This paper presents a mainly computational (CFD) investigation of the effect of RWF and RWR, in combination with MVG, on the flow field around a saloon vehicle. The influence of MVG&RW is presented both in terms of a combined change from a FG&FW baseline and the incremental effects seen by the addition of each element separately.For this vehicle, noticeable decrease in both drag and rear lift is shown when adding MVG&RW, whereas front lift shows little change. The same trends are seen in both CFD and experimental data.The addition of MVG alone increases both drag and front lift, whereas rear lift decreases significantly. The addition of RWF alone has little effect on the global results (aside from lift), whereas the addition of RWR alone decreases both drag and rear lift significantly. Combining the incremental changes produces values that align well to the MVG&RW case, with the exception of front lift.This shows similar trends to previously published work, both the noticeable drag decrease due to the addition of MVG&RW, and the contributions of the individual components.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Birgersson, Simon
(författare)
-
Exploring beta-mannan acting glycosidase families in hydrolysis and mannosyl transfer
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis revolves around the study of glycoside hydrolases (GH), specifically GH5 β-mannanases and GH36 α-galactosidase (I-III), as well as a GH130 mannoside phosphorylase (I, IV). These enzymes are investigated for their actions on and conversion of hemicellulosic β-mannan, including food-grade galactomannan and softwood galactoglucomannan, along with manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) derived from such polymers. The focus lies on exploring the transferase activity, specifically transglycosylation, of retaining GHs, elucidating the molecular and structural mechanisms governing these reactions, and assessing their potential applications in synthesizing novel glycosides like MOS and allyl glycosides from renewable glycans (II, III).Paper I explores the utilization of β-mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS/GMOSs) by Roseburia hominis, and its interactions with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, revealing differential utilization patterns, cross-feeding of acetate, and potential synergistic roles of specific enzymes shown to be upregulated in the presence of MOS/GMOS by R. hominis. In Paper II, A novel double mutant (R171K/E205D) of the catalytic module (CM) of the fam- ily GH5 Trichoderma reesei β-mannanase (TrMan5A) showed enhanced transglycosylation capacity, particularly with mannotetraose and allyl alcohol, surpassing wild-type TrMan5A and offering potential applications in the enzymatic synthesis of novel biomaterials and glycopolymers through allyl glycoside production. The +2 subsite of MeMan5A, a GH5 β-mannanase from the blue mussel, was studied by substituting two tryptophans with alanines in Paper III. These substitutions impaired MeMan5A’s hydrolytic activity, affecting transglycosylation with saccha- rides but not alcoholysis. In Paper IV, the mannan oligosaccharide phosphorylase RhMOP130A, first investigated in Paper I was investigated in terms of its structure and studied for its synthetic potential in the reverse phospho- rlysis reaction direction, allowing for elongation of mannan oligosaccharide using activated mannose phosphate. RhMOP130A showed the ability to elongate allyl mannose, such as produced in Paper II, making it an interesting tool for modification of novel glycosides.The findings of this thesis enhance our comprehension of the molecular factors and reaction parameters that impact the effective conversion of β-mannans into novel glycosides. This showcases the viability of utilizing β- mannanases in the enzymatic synthesis of novel bio-materials.
|
|
