| 31. |
- Ringsberg, K A, et al.
(författare)
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Balance and gait performance in an urban and a rural population
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. - 0002-8614. ; 46:1, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in standing balance and gait performance between two populations, correlated with age and physical activities of daily living. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Malmo, the third largest city in Sweden, and Sjobo, a typical agricultural community 60 km east of Malmo. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 570 men and women from the urban community (urban) and 391 from the rural community (rural), born in 1938, 1928, 1918, and 1908, and women born in 1948. The two cohorts were subdivided into true urbans, who had lived only in the city (n = 269), and true rurals, who had never lived in a city (n = 354). MEASUREMENTS: Information about workload, housing, spare time activities, medication, and illness during different decades of life was gathered using two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was sent to the home after agreement to participate, and the second was presented at the test session. The clinical measurements were standing balance, gait speed, and step length. RESULTS: The urban subjects had significantly (P < .001) impaired balance compared with rural subjects. This difference increased with increasing age. The urban subjects walked faster than the rural subjects (P < .001), and the urban subjects used fewer steps than their rural counterparts (P < .001). Spare time activities had a significant influence on the above tests, but, except for gait velocity (P = .011), workload was of minor importance according to analysis of covariance. CONCLUSION: Background factors such as usual daily activities of living and lifestyle seem to be of importance when evaluating and comparing different populations with respect to their balance and gait performance.
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| 32. |
- Siennicki-Lantz, Arkadiusz, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebral blood flow in white matter is correlated with systolic blood pressure and EEG in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
- 1998
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 9:1, s. 29-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence and functional significance of white matter lesions in the ageing brain and in dementia as well as their relation to blood pressure are often discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow in white matter (WMCBF) and its relation to systemic blood pressure and multichannel EEG. WMCBF was measured in 24 elderly women with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT, median age 85.5, range 68-93) and 20 age-matched controls (median age 86.0, range 79-93) using 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission CT. A significant low WMCBF could be observed in all analysed regions in SDAT subjects compared to controls, with the greatest decline in the posterior region (parietotemporo-occipital area). Correlations between quantified EEG from the posterior regions and WMCBF were seen. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the SDAT group and was positively correlated with WMCBF in the posterior and anterior brain regions. Whether low systemic blood pressure is the result of cerebral dysfunction is unclear.
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| 33. |
- Siennicki-Lantz, Arkadiusz, et al.
(författare)
-
How to interpret differing cerebral blood flow patterns estimated with 99tcm-hmpao and 99tcm-ecd spet in a healthy population
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine Communications. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0143-3636. ; 20:3, s. 219-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two radiopharmaceuticals, 99Tcm-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) and 99Tcm-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99Tcm-ECD), are currently used to determine cerebral blood flow. 99Tcm-ECD is, by virtue of its greater stability, superceding 99Tcm-HMPAO for routine examinations. Since the clinical assessment of 99Tcm-ECD images is usually based on experience with 99Tcm-HMPAO, we used both radiopharmaceuticals to compare regional cerebral blood flow in the same individuals. Eleven healthy subjects aged 67.1 ± 6.3 years (mean ± S.D.) underwent 99Tcm-ECD followed by 99Tcm-HMPAO single photon emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow was quantified in cortical and central regions of interest (basal ganglia, ventricles, white matter) in relation to cerebellar uptake. The intra-subject comparison of cerebral blood flow in the cortical areas revealed higher levels of perfusion in the posterior parietal, parieto-occipital and temporo-occipital areas using 99Tcm-ECD. In contrast to the cortical areas, cerebral blood flow in the central areas was greater using 99Tcm-HMPAO, especially in the centrum semiovale, basal ganglia, frontal white matter and frontal horns. This difference in cerebral blood flow when imaging healthy individuals with 99Tcm-ECD and 99Tcm-HMPAO should be taken into account in clinical practice when changing from one radiopharmaceutical to the other.
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| 34. |
- Siennicki-Lantz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension in Alzheimer's disease : Result or cause of brain dysfunction?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Aging clinical and experimental research. - 0394-9532. ; 11:3, s. 155-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Alzheimer's disease (AD), an association was found between autonomic dysfunction and frontal hypoperfusion in brain during orthostatic testing. To ascertain whether frontal hypoperfusion is dependent on longitudinal effects of hemodynamic disturbances, or contributes to them, we studied the relationship between the presence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in late stages of AD. Twelve women with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT), and 15 non-demented women (mean age 82.6 years, SD 3.8 vs 81.8 years, SD 3.5) were examined with the orthostatic test. Four of 12 patients with SDAT, and 9 controls had OH (defined as systolic blood pressure fall ≥ 20 mmHg). CBF was determined under resting conditions using 600 Mbq 99mTc HMPAO single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), and quantified in cortical areas in relation to cerebellum. In patients with SDAT and OH, CBF was lower in frontal and parieto-frontal cortical areas than in SDAT patients without OH. The former group was younger and had a shorter dementia duration. No significant differences in CBF were observed between controls with vs without OH. No differences in SDAT patients with or without OH were observed in the Berger dementia scale or Katz' ADL index. No difference in incidence of symptoms related to autonomic disturbances (diarrhea, obstipation, dysphagia, vertigo) was observed in either the SDAT or control group with regard to OH presence. We conclude that during the course of AD, OH can contribute to frontal brain changes and may exacerbate the disease. The further involvement of frontal dysfunction in aggravating blood pressure dysregulation in the elderly is discussed.
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| 35. |
- Sjogren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased monoamine metabolites in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - 1558-1497. ; 19:5, s. 379-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentrations of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (HMPG) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinical frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 30), early onset Alzheimer's disease (EAD; n = 33), late onset Alzheimer's disease (LAD, n = 27) and normal controls (n = 31) were determined using HPLC. ANCOVA showed no significant effect of neuroleptic medication, extrapyramidal signs, myoclonia or gender on the CSF levels of the monoamine metabolites. Homovanillic acid was significantly reduced in all diagnostic groups (FTD, p = 0.0002; EAD, p = 0.016; LAD, p = 0.013). 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid was significantly reduced in EAD (p = 0.013) and in LAD (p = 0.0014), and HMPG was reduced in LAD only (p = 0.020). HMPG was significantly higher in FTD compared to EAD (p = 0.0005) and LAD (p = 0.0003). CSF-5-HIAA was significantly reduced in patients with antidepressant medication (p = 0.006). ANCOVA within the FTD group showed no significant effect of neuroleptic or antidepressant medication, extrapyramidal signs, myoclonia, gender or FTD subtype on the CSF levels of the monoamine metabolites. The results suggest that CSF-HMPG might differentiate FTD from EAD and LAD, but not from normals.
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| 36. |
- Sjöbeck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal loss in the brainstem and cerebellum--part of the normal aging process? A morphometric study of the vermis cerebelli and inferior olivary nucleus
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences. - 1758-535X. ; 54:9, s. 363-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the known age-related loss of Purkinje cells (PC) in the cerebellum, this study focuses on whether a marked loss of PC occurs in individuals of very high age. The inferior olive, which is intimately connected with the cerebellum anatomically as well as functionally, was also studied. The study group included 15 nondemented and basically healthy cases aged 32-104 years. Linear neuronal density was expressed as number of PC per millimeter tissue measured in the vermis and as neuronal numbers per square millimeter tissue in the inferior olive. The linear PC density clearly decreased with increasing age, R2 = 0.82 and p < .001. The inferior olive showed a small but insignificant age-related neuronal loss. We conclude that aging results in reduced PC density in the vermis cerebelli, further accentuated in the very late stages of life.
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