| 4781. |
- Dychawy-Rosner, I, et al.
(författare)
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Direct care staff's need for support in their perceived work role in day activities units
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1365-2834 .- 0966-0429. ; 8:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study sets out to investigate direct care staff's views of their need for support, supervision, and training in their practice in day care settings when supporting daily occupations among developmentally disabled persons. BACKGROUND: The first line staff are considered as having a prominent role in the successful delivery of service. METHODS: Three municipalities, one urban and two rural areas in southern Sweden, were chosen for the study. The studied population n = 81 consisted of 94.1% of all staff employed in day activities units supporting the clients' daily occupations or community-integrated, sheltered work employment. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. FINDINGS: This material identified the staff's perceived work role, and their needs for support, supervision, and training in the areas of communication, environment adaptation, individual activation and training methods, with regard to learning disabilities and special needs. CONCLUSIONS: Care managers should focus upon preparation of staff support programmes to improve the quality and efficiency in this area of care.
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| 4782. |
- Ebbevi, David, et al.
(författare)
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Value-based health care for chronic care : aligning outcomes measurement with the patient perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1063-8628 .- 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 25:4, s. 203-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Value-based health care is increasingly used for developing health care services by relating patient outcomes to costs. A hierarchical value scorecard for creating outcome measurements has been suggested: The 3-Tier model. The objective of this study was to test the model against the patient's view of value in a chronic care setting. Methods: Semistructured interviews with 22 persons with rheumatoid arthritis were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Themes were extracted, and the model was critically applied and revised. Results: The study validates existing dimensions in the model but suggests adding information, social health, predictability, and continuity to make it more useful and representative of patients' preferences. Conclusion: Although the model aims to focus on outcomes relevant to patients, it lacks dimensions important to individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. The data illustrate difficulties in finding patients' preferred outcomes and imply tactics for arriving at meaningful measurements.
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| 4783. |
- Eckard, Nathalie
(författare)
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Nationella riktlinjer för hjärtsjukvård : Arbetet med att ta fram ett beslutsunderlag för prioritering och reflektioner kring hälsoekonomins roll
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nationella riktlinjer för hjärtsjukvård är ett policydokument från Socialstyrelsen innehållande ett beslutsstöd med rekommendationer för prioritering. En arbetsgrupp för prioriteringar genomförde en uppdatering av beslutsstödsdokumentet i de tidigare publicerade riktlinjerna inom hjärtsjukvården som gavs ut 2004. Deras uppdrag bestod i att ge rekommendationer för prioritering genom att granska och väga samman den evidensbaserade kunskapen som återfanns i de medicinska och hälsoekonomiska faktaunderlagen. Något som utmärker det svenska riktlinjearbetet är att även ta hänsyn till hälsoekonomisk evidens i rekommendationerna. En rekommendation för prioritering gjordes för varje s k tillstånds- och åtgärdspar baserat på en samlad bedömning av:Sjukdomens svårighetsgrad.Patientnytta.Kostnadseffektivitet.Evidens.Rapporten belyser hur arbetsprocessen med att ta fram ett beslutsunderlag för prioritering i nationella riktlinjer för hjärtsjukvård gick till. Förhoppningen är att läsaren får en bild av vilka strategier som prioriteringsgruppen använde sig av för att driva processen framåt, hur de gjorde för att lösa sitt uppdrag och resonerade sig fram till sina beslut. Vidare har ett särskilt fokus lagts på vilka uppfattningar som fanns kring hälsoekonomi och hur det hälsoekonomiska evidensunderlaget användes i beslutsprocessen.En förutsättning för att prioriteringsgruppen skulle kunna utarbeta en rekommendation var att tillstånds- och åtgärdsparen bestod av tydliga jämförelsealternativ. Evidensunderlagen var inte helt färdigbearbetade vid tidpunkten då prioriteringsgruppen påbörjade sitt arbete och det saknades ofta tydliga jämförelsealternativ. Prioriteringsgruppens arbete bestod därför inte enbart i att nå fram till en rekommendation till rangordningslistan, utan ett resonemang fördes även kring behovet av omarbetning och komplettering av befintliga tillstånds- och åtgärdspar; eller tillskapandet av nya.Beslutsunderlaget för prioritering inkluderade många nya tillstånds- och åtgärdspar. En generell uppfattning hos intervjupersonerna var därför att arbetet kom att innebära en total omskrivning av riktlinjerna från 2004 snarare än ett uppdateringsarbete. Å andra sidan var beslutsunderlaget tillräckligt strukturerat för att föra arbetet framåt.
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| 4784. |
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| 4785. |
- Eckhardt, Martin, 1974-
(författare)
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The Bumpy Road to Universal Health Coverage : Access to Primary and Emergency Care in Rural Tropical Ecuador
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: By the turn of the new millennium 84% of families in rural coastal Ecuador had difficulties to access health services. A health reform some years earlier to improve this situation had not been implemented. In 2001, the non-governmental organization (NGO) Foundation Human Nature together with a rural population established a primary health care center in North-Western Ecuador. A public private partnership with the Ministry of Public Health was formed. Services depended on out-of-pocket payments, restricting the poor’s access to care. In order to increase access to primary and emergency care, Foundation Human Nature planned to establish a community-based health insurance. In the meantime, a major health reform was initiated by a new government in 2008. It aimed at universal health coverage, providing qualitative services for all based on primary health care, while ensuring protection from financial hardship. The aims of this thesis were to appraise the feasibility of community- based health insurance in Ecuador; to study how rural stakeholders perceived the 2008 reform and its effects on rural health services; to explore the local population’s perception of the NGO in service delivery; and to measure the scope and describe the nature of perceived emergencies, the related health care seeking behavior and health expenditure. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to tackle the research objectives. Data collection for the health insurance study and the study of perceived emergencies was carried out through cross-sectional household surveys. For each of the studies 210 households were sampled with two-stage cluster sampling. Structured questionnaires were used with on the spot household interviews. Focus group discussions with local stakeholders were performed to explore their perceived effects of the 2008 health reform. The population’s perception of the NGO was also studied through focus group discussions, which were complemented by key-informant interviews with local stakeholders. Inductive qualitative content analysis, focusing on the manifest content was applied. Results: 69% of interviewees were willing to join the presented community-based health insurance scheme for 30 US$ per household and year. Attitudes towards the scheme were positive and 92% of interviewees stated they would increase their health service utilization with affiliation. The implementation of the 2008 health reform was perceived as top-down, lacking communication. However, the reform’s effects were mainly perceived as positive with free medical attendance and drugs. Increased service utilization was described as leading to a relative shortage of drugs and appointments. Access problems for remote dwellers were found, who were described of having to seek private care, also in emergencies. The NGO and its services were perceived positively by the population due to health care improvements in the region. The structure of the public private partnership was unclear, leading to dissatisfaction. Community participation was found to be rather weak. Perceived emergencies occurred to at least 90/1,000 inhabitants in the past year. Fever, traumatic injury and abdominal pain were the most frequent chief complaints. The first contacted providers in 57% of all cases were private for-profit providers, including traditional healers. Public health services treated one third of all cases. Health expenditure was found to be high and catastrophic health expenditure occurred in 24% of all cases. Conclusions: Prior to the 2008 reform community-based health insurance was found to be feasible in the study region. This financing instrument may have a role in the post-reform system, to cover services that the government does not yet sufficiently provide. The effects of the 2008 reform were mainly perceived positively, but an adjustment of the system is needed to improve the relative lack of drugs and appointments, especially for remote dwellers. Free health services may not be sufficient to reach universal health coverage for patients with perceived emergencies. Changes in public emergency departments and improved financial protection for emergency patients may improve the situation. The NGO’s role was perceived positively by the population. A lack of communication about the public private partnership and relatively weak community participation restricted the NGO’s full potential and should be improved.
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| 4786. |
- Eckhardt, Martin, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Universal Health Coverage in Marginalized Populations : A Qualitative Evaluation of a Health Reform Implementation in Rural Ecuador
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inquiry. - : Sage Publications. - 0046-9580 .- 1945-7243. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008, Ecuador underwent a major health reform with the aim of universal coverage. Little is known about the implementation of the reform and its perceived effects in rural parts of the country. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived effects of the 2008 health reform implementation, on rural primary health care services and financial access of the rural poor. A qualitative study using focus group discussions was conducted in a rural region in Ecuador, involving health staff, local health committee members, village leaders, and community health workers. Qualitative content analysis focusing on the manifest content was applied. Three categories emerged from the texts: (1) the prereform situation, which was described as difficult in terms of financial access and quality of care; (2) the reform process, which was perceived as top-down and lacking in communication by the involved actors; lack of interest among the population was reported; (3) the effects of the reform, which were mainly perceived as positive. However, testimonies about understaffing, drug shortages, and access problems for those living furthest away from the health units show that the reform has not fully achieved its intended effects. New problems are a challenging health information system and people without genuine care needs overusing the health services. The results indicate that the Ecuadorean reform has improved rural primary health care services. Still, the reform faces challenges that need continued attention to secure its current achievements and advance the health system further.
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| 4787. |
- Eckhardt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Universal Health Coverage in Rural Ecuador : A Cross-sectional Study of Perceived Emergencies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. - Oakland, CA, United States : University of California. - 1936-900X .- 1936-9018. ; 19:5, s. 889-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In many low- and middle-income countries emergency care is provided anywhere in the health system; however, no studies to date have looked at which providers are chosen by patients with perceived emergencies. Ecuador has universal health coverage that includes emergency care. However, earlier research indicates that patients with emergencies tend to seek private care. Our primary research questions were these: What is the scope of perceived emergencies?; What is their nature?; and What is the related healthcare-seeking behavior? Secondary objectives were to study determinants of healthcare-seeking behavior, compare health expenditure with expenditure from the past ordinary illness, and measure the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure related to perceived emergencies. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 210 households in a rural region of northwestern Ecuador. The households were sampled with two-stage cluster sampling and represent an estimated 20% of the households in the region. We used two structured, pretested questionnaires. The first questionnaire collected demographic and economic household data, expenditure data on the past ordinary illness, and presented our definition of perceived emergency. The second recorded the number of emergency events, symptoms, further case description, healthcare-seeking behavior, and health expenditure, which was defined as being catastrophic when it exceeded 40% of a household´s ability to pay.Results: The response rate was 85% with a total of 74 reported emergency events during the past year (90/1,000 inhabitants). We further analyzed the most recent event in each household (n=54). Private, for-profit providers, including traditional healers, were chosen by 57.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] [44-71%]). Public providers treated one third of the cases. The mean health expenditure per event was $305.30 United States dollars (USD), compared to $135.80 USD for the past ordinary illnesses. Catastrophic health expenditure was found in 24.4% of households. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the provision of free health services may not be sufficient to reach universal health coverage for patients with perceived emergencies. Changes in the organization of public emergency departments and improved financial protection for emergency patients may improve the situation.
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| 4788. |
- Edebalk, Per Gunnar
(författare)
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Stöd till anhörigvårdare - en seg historia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Äldre i centrum : tidskrift för aktuell äldreforskning. - 1653-3585. ; 36:3, s. 78-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4789. |
- Edgren, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving integrated care through CAS thinking and a collaborative mindset
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Integrated Care. - 1476-9018. ; 23:3, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge by exploring and distilling how providers in health and social care who have adopted complex adaptive systems thinking (CAS thinking) and have a collaborative mindset are in a better position to achieve integrated care than those who adopt reductionist approaches. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is a research review and a conceptual analysis of key aspects drawn from the literature on CAS thinking and collaborative mindset applied to integrated care. By choosing this approach the authors intend to promote understanding and efforts made to put it into action. The intended audience comprises managers responsible for addressing the problem of fragmentation and the research community challenged by the task of supporting those managers. Findings - Specialization of knowledge and skill has increased the risk of fragmentation. It is possible to reduce that risk and hence to foster integrated care when providers with different specializations stimulated by a collaborative mindset develop an understanding of how they connect with others in a CAS. The essence of CAS thinking applied to integrated care is the readiness to connect. This readiness is facilitated by adopting a collaborative mindset. Originality/value - Literature on CAS thinking and collaborative mindset have evolved independently of one another. The study points at the importance of connecting the two concepts to produce effective action. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015.
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| 4790. |
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