| 20181. |
- Deeb, Haneen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Changing question format in repeated interviews to detect lies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Decepticon Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lie detection research has typically focused on reports about a single event. However, in many forensic and security contexts, suspects are likely to report on several events, some of them may be untruthful. This presents interviewers with the challenge of detecting which reports are true and which are not. Varying question format in a second interview, we examined differences in liars’ and truth-tellers’ statement inconsistency about two events. One hundred and fifty participants viewed a meeting in which a non-critical and a critical event were discussed. Truth-tellers were instructed to be honest in their reports about both events, whereas liars had to lie about the critical event. In the first interview, all participants provided a free recall account. In a second interview, participants either gave another free recall account or responded to specific questions presented sequentially (concerning one event at a time) or non-sequentially (concerning both events simultaneously). Liars’ accounts featured more repetitions than truth-tellers for both events, particularly in response to questions presented in non-sequential order. The implications for the use of this question format are discussed.
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| 20182. |
- Deeb, Haneen, 1984
(författare)
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(In)Consistencies as Cues to Deception
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to examine statement consistency types (between-statement consistency, within-statement consistency, within-group consistency, and statement-evidence consistency) within various contexts of deception. In Study I (N = 150), between-statement consistency was examined when question format was changed across two interviews. Participants provided free recall accounts of two events in the first interview. In the second, they either freely recalled the events again or responded to specific questions sequentially (one event at a time) or non-sequentially (both events together). Liars uttered fewer repetitions across interviews (less between-statement consistency) than truth tellers, particularly when questions were non-sequential, but they unexpectedly showed more within-statement consistency than truth tellers. In Study II (N = 98), the Devil’s Advocate approach was used to investigate within-group consistency for opinions. Pairs of participants who shared strong opinions about a controversial topic were matched and permitted to prepare for individual interviews about their true/false opinions. They were asked an ‘opinion-eliciting question’ for arguments supporting those opinions followed by a ‘devil’s advocate question’ for opposing arguments. Prepared truth telling pairs were more consistent with each other on the opinion-eliciting question than on the devil’s advocate question. As predicted, deceptive pairs were equally consistent in response to both questions. In Study III (N =144), the effects of counter-interrogation strategies and familiarity with the alibi on statement-evidence consistency and between-statement consistency were examined. All participants visited a restaurant for 10 minutes (high familiarity) or 30 seconds (low familiarity) to use it as an alibi in two interviews involving visuospatial tasks. Liars who knew about the interview technique prior to committing a mock crime provided significantly more non-salient (particularly if they were highly familiar with the alibi) and salient details than truth tellers and liars who did not possess this knowledge, but they did not differ on statement consistency types. In Study IV (N = 71), police officers were surveyed about their perceptions of suspects’ statement (in)consistency types. Officers were most likely to look for statement-evidence inconsistency and least likely to look for within-statement inconsistency. This finding was explained by their belief that liars attempt to eliminate within-statement inconsistency more than other types of inconsistency unless incriminating evidence is strategically disclosed during the interview. The results of this thesis extend previous findings demonstrating that liars attempt to maintain statement consistency types unless specific interview techniques are used to increase differences between liars and truth tellers. Critically, familiarity with the reported event seems to help both liars and truth tellers to provide consistent statements, whereas counter-interrogation strategies may fail or may succeed at the expense of one or more consistency type(s). Practitioners need to be aware of these effects and to consider all consistency types simultaneously rather than separately to detect deception.
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| 20183. |
- Deeb, H., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Details to Elicit Information and Cues to Deceit: The Effects of Map Richness
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. - : Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. - 1889-1861 .- 1989-4007. ; 14:1, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Investigators often use maps in forensic interviews to verify a route that was taken by a suspect to obtain additional information, and to assess credibility. Method: We examined the effects of the level of map richness on the elicitation of information and cues to deceit. A total of 112 participants completed a mock secret mission and were asked to tell the truth (to a friendly agent) or to lie (to a hostile agent) about it in an interview. In phase 1 of the interview, all participants provided a verbal free recall of the mission. In phase 2, half of the participants were given a detailed map that included all street names and landmarks of the city where they completed the mission (zoomed in to 80%), and the other half were given a less detailed map that included the names of only major streets and landmarks (zoomed in to 60%). All participants were asked to verbally describe the mission and the route taken while sketching on the map. Results: Compared to lie tellers, truth tellers provided more location, action, temporal, and object details and complications in phase 1, and new person, location, action, and object details and complications in phase 2. Map richness did not have an effect on the amount of information elicited and had an equal effect on truth tellers and lie tellers. Conclusions: This initial experiment in this research area suggests that investigators do not have to worry about the exact level of map detailedness when introducing maps in interviews.
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| 20184. |
- Deeb, H., et al.
(författare)
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Sketching routes to elicit information and cues to deceit
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 36:5, s. 1049-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sketching while narrating involves describing an event while sketching on a blank paper (self-generated sketch) or on a printed map. We compared the effects of self-generated sketches and printed maps on information elicitation and lie detection. Participants (N= 211) carried out a mock mission and were instructed to tell the truth or to lie about it in an online interview. In the first phase of the interview, all participants provided a free recall. In the second phase, participants provided another free recall or verbally described the mission while sketching on a blank paper or on a printed map. Truth tellers provided richer accounts than lie tellers. Larger effect sizes emerged for the self-generated sketch condition than for the printed map and free recall conditions. This suggests that self-generated sketches are more effective lie detection tools when information on routes and locations is sought.
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| 20185. |
- Deeb, Haneen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Suspects' consistency in statements concerning two events when different question formats are used
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. - : Wiley. - 1544-4759. ; 14:1, s. 74-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lie detection research has typically focused on reports about a single event. However, in many forensic and security contexts, suspects are likely to report on several events, some of them may be untruthful. This presents interviewers with the challenge of detecting which reports are true and which are not. Varying question format in a second interview, we examined differences in liars' and truth‐tellers' statement consistency about two events. One hundred and fifty participants viewed a meeting in which a noncritical and a critical event were discussed. Truth‐tellers were instructed to be honest in their reports about both events, whereas liars had to lie about the critical event. In the first interview, all participants provided a free recall account. In a second interview, participants either gave another free recall account or responded to specific questions presented sequentially (concerning one event at a time) or nonsequentially (concerning both events simultaneously). Liars' accounts featured fewer repetitions than truth‐tellers for both events, particularly in response to questions presented in nonsequential order. The implications for the use of this question format are discussed.
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| 20186. |
- Deeb, Haneen, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Visuospatial countermeasures by liars familiar with the alibi setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG) Conference, 20-24 June 2016, London.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current study addresses visuospatial countermeasures employed by suspects in investigative interviews. Participants (N =144) visited a restaurant to buy a sandwich (truth tellers) or to use it as an alibi (liars). Half of the liars were informed they might be asked for a drawing of the alibi setting if interviewed (Informed Liars). Participants spent either 10 min (High Familiarity condition) or 30 s (Low Familiarity condition) in the restaurant. All participants were interviewed twice with different visuospatial tasks. Statements were assessed for the number of salient and non-salient details and for consistency between interviews and consistency with the alibi setting. Informed Liars provided significantly more salient and non-salient details than Uninformed Liars and Truth tellers. The difference for non-salient details was more pronounced in the High Familiarity than in the Low Familiarity condition. Uninformed Liars and Truth tellers did not differ in their accounts. Hence, Informed Liars failed to mimic truth tellers’ visuospatial statements as they provided overly detailed statements. Nonetheless, they could not provide overly consistent statements, so consistency merits more attention in the lie detection field.
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| 20187. |
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Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, Research, and Clinical Perspectives
- 2004
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contains 27 chapters on defense mechanisms with authors from 10 countries, 6 of them from Lund. The coverage is comprehensive including theories of psychological defense, methods to describe defense empirically, studies of defense in various clinical groups, etc. The book can be used, in its entirety or in parts, as a text for students in clinical psychology.
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| 20188. |
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| 20189. |
- Degerman Gunnarsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Pittsburgh compound-B and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in CSF, plasma and urine: An exploratory study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 29:3, s. 204-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) is an in vivo ligand for measuring beta-amyloid (Abeta) load. Associations between PET PIB and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Abeta1-42 and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) have been observed in several studies, but the relations between PIB uptake and other biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are less investigated. METHOD: PET PIB, PET 18Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and different AD biomarkers were measured twice in CSF, plasma and urine 12 months apart in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate AD. RESULTS: PIB retention was constant over 1 year, inversely related to low CSF Abeta1-42 (p = 0.01) and correlated positively to the numbers of the APOE epsilon4 allele (0, 1 or 2) (p = 0.02). There was a relation between mean PIB retention and CSF ApoE protein (r = -0.59, p = 0.07), and plasma cystatin C (r = -0.56, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: PIB retention is strongly related to CSF Abeta1-42, and to the numbers of the APOE epsilon4 allele.
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| 20190. |
- Degl'Innocenti, A., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring treatment satisfaction. A review of randomized controlled drug trials.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs. ; 21:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of new drugs calls for additional patient-reported endpoints to health-related quality of life and symptoms assessment. Among these, one of the ambition to evaluate treatment satisfaction in clinical trials, since it can be crucial for compliance and must be considered as an important factor when planning treatment. To measure this concept, a range of instruments may be used. The purpose of this study was to investigate which types of instruments for measuring treatment satisfaction are the most frequent in clinical trails. Specifically, we explored whether instruments are single item or questionnaires, and in the latter case, whether the instruments are psychometrically validated or not. We carried out a search of the literature published in English in the period July 1966 to December 2002, looking for controlled trials of treatment satisfaction. Using the Embase and Medline databases, 126 studies were included in this review. The main finding suggests that assessment of treatment satisfaction in clinical trials vary in quality. It is evident that the majority of the studies reviewed rely on single items when measuring treatment satisfaction. Moreover, in cases where questionnaires were applied, psychometric properties were rarely reported or documented. This study highlights the need for developing and improving psychometric documentation of instruments measuring treatment satisfaction, as well as the need for guidance documents.
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