| 20201. |
- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Grounded theory in public health research
- 2002
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Ingår i: Qualitative Methods in Public Health Research - Theoretical foundations and practical examples. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144021799 ; , s. 137-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 2nd Nordic Interdisciplinary Conference on Qualitative Methods in the Service of Health, held in Göteborg in August 2001, was the starting-point for this book. Researchers from different disciplines contribute knowledge and research experience to this anthology. The main aim of the book is to point at the value of diversity in public health research and the challenge of using qualitative methods complementary to traditional epidemiological methods. The book gives the reader an analysis of the uniqueness and the theoretical foundations for qualitative methods and a discussion of the nature of qualitative research in general. Different qualitative methods appropriate to different research questions in the public health area are practically illustrated as well as the nature of knowledge obtained through these methods. The present book especially highlights phenomenology, phenomenography, grounded theory and narrative research. In sum, the aim of the book is to provide students with theoretical understanding and practical knowledge of qualitative research. This anthology targets students in health care and public health as well as doctoral students and practicing researchers with an interest in qualitative methods.
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| 20202. |
- Dellve, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool Children's Experience and Understanding of Their Soundscape
- 2013
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Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-0887 .- 1478-0895. ; 10:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise may be a serious health problem in preschools. This article explores how preschool-aged children experience, understand, and cope with the soundscape at their preschools. Using a qualitative approach, 36 children (4-6 years old) were interviewed in 11 focus groups. The children related their experience of sound to the consequences the sound had for themselves, their understanding of its source, and their bodily and emotional experience of it. Their perceived trustfulness, comprehensibility, sound descriptions, and manageability of given sounds were interpreted in the model as an expression of uncontrollability. The degree of uncontrollability of sounds accounted for whether children were nondisturbed, disturbed, or distressed by their experience of it. Distressing noise was experienced as both physically and emotionally painful. The children handled such distress by flight, attempting to reduce the hearing sensation, turning to their teachers, and using cognitive strategies. It is important to increase our understanding of how children cope with distressing sounds at preschools.
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| 20203. |
- Deluca, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping individual aspects of bilingual experience to adaptations in brain structure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 34:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual differences in using multiple languages are thought to differentially affect brain structure and function. The present study assessed the neuroanatomical predictions of an emerging theory, the Unifying the Bilingual Experience Trajectories framework, which provides the most comprehensive set of predictions of how individual differences in bilingual experiences lead to specific neural and cognitive adaptations. A total of 140 young adults with variable language experiences were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging and completed demographic questionnaires. Brain structure measures implicated in predictions of the Unifying the Bilingual Experience Trajectories model were extracted and regressed against the model's experiential factors. Consistent with the model's predictions, greater intensity and diversity of bilingual language use resulted in changes in gray matter volume in cortical regions involved in executive control (including inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus), indicating adaptations toward handling increased executive control demands. Conversely, duration of bilingual engagement resulted in changes within white matter microstructure (bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus) and increases in subcortical gray matter (left caudate), indicative of adaptations toward increased efficiency of control. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of how bilingual experiences influence brain structure and provides the first direct empirical evidence for the predictions made by the Unifying the Bilingual Experience Trajectories framework.
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| 20204. |
- Demetriou, Chara A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Psychopathic Traits Early in Development : Testing Potential Associations with Social, Behavioral, and Affective Factors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 45:3, s. 767-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI) enables the assessment of psychopathy dimensions as early as age three. The current study employs a multi-informant approach (i.e., fathers, mothers, and teachers) to further investigate the unique associations between psychopathy dimensions, as measured by the CPTI, with theoretically relevant constructs of interest, such as conduct problems, oppositionality, empathy, and social relations, in early childhood (N = 1283, M age = 6.35). Although associations with conduct, aggressive, and oppositional behaviours differed in strength, our findings supported the importance of all psychopathy dimensions in predicting behavioral problems. Our findings also suggested a unique association of the callous-unemotional dimension with affective empathy. Furthermore, stronger associations were identified between the callous-unemotional and impulsive need for stimulation dimensions with social problems (e.g., peer and family relations) compared to the grandiose-deceitful dimension. Current findings can inform prevention and intervention efforts aiming to alter the development of psychopathic traits.
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| 20205. |
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Den förnekade kunskapen. En introduktion till Robert Pfallers filosofi
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Robert Pfaller är en österrikisk filosof och kulturteoretiker med intressen som sträcker sig från epistemologi och psykoanalys, via konst och populärkultur, till ideologikritik och politik. Han ägnar sig åt frågan om ”trons form” – det vill säga inte vad vi tror på, utan hur vi tror. Pfaller kan hjälpa oss förstå sambandet mellan två aktuella tendenser i det moderna samhället: å ena sidan den av nyliberalismen pådrivna nedmonteringen av välfärdssystemen, vilken förändrar vårt samhälle och våra livsvillkor i grunden till det sämre; å andra sidan den tilltagande moralismen inom det politiska området, som fäster sig vid sådant som rökning, plastpåsar, musik på hög volym, könsstereotyper och köttätande. Pfaller gör det möjligt att i båda dessa tendenser identifiera ett narcissistiskt ”ansvarstagande” som är mer upptaget av att framställa sig själv som moraliskt högtstående, än att bereda väg för ett gott liv. Det är denna fråga – om det goda livet, och om lyckan, som Pfaller vill ge plats i den politiska debatten och i den filosofiska diskussionen. Föreliggande volym är en introduktion till Pfallers filosofi med bidrag som visar dess relevans inom områden som psykoanalys, sociologi, teologi, pedagogik och socialt arbete.
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| 20206. |
- Denault, V., et al.
(författare)
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L’analyse de la communication non verbale: Les dangers de la pseudoscience en contextes de sécurité et de justice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique et Scientifique. - 1424-4683. ; 73:1, s. 15-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For security and justice professionals, the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use. To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI; “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. © 2020, Polymedia Meichtry SA. All rights reserved.
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| 20207. |
- Dennison, James, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Human Values in Explaining Support for European Union Membership
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 52:4, s. 372-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been greater scholarly enquiry into explaining variation in support for European Union membership. We theorise that one cause of such variation is likely to be non-political psychological predispositions, such as one's personal values. We test this proposition by applying Schwartz's theory of basic human values to predict voting intentions in hypothetical referendums on EU membership. We theorise that these values determine both voting intentions and more proximate explanatory variables of support for EU membership: attitudes to immigration and identifying as European. Using data on 13 countries from the European Social Survey (N=24,703 citizens) and multigroup structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that this psychological framework effectively predicts voting intentions, notably in terms of the consistent cross-country evidence for indirect effects of values on support for membership via European identity and attitudes to immigration. We then discuss the implications of our findings, including differences in effects between countries.
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| 20208. |
- Denrell, Jerker
(författare)
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Career concerns
- 1998
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20209. |
- Denti, Leif, 1983
(författare)
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Leadership and Innovation: How and When do Leaders Influence Innovation in R&D Teams?
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DEGREE OF LlCENTIATE IN PSYCHOLOGY Abstract Denti, L. (2011). Leadership and Innovation: How and When do Leaders Injluence Innovation in R&D Teams? University of Gothenburg. Sweden. This thesis examines how and when leadership is related to individual innovation in organizations, i.e., those factors that mediate and moderate the relationship between leadership and innovation. In study I, 30 years of research into leaders' influence on organizational innovation was systematically reviewed to identify these factors. The sample consisted of 27 empirical studies treating leadership as the independent variable and innovation as the dependent variable. A further purpose of study I was to identify new potential mediating and moderating factors. Study II, based on study I, surveyed 166 team members in research and development (R&D) teams, together with their team leaders and department managers, in five Swedish industrial organizations. In this study, leadership was conceptualized using leader-member exchange theory (LMX). The main fmdings indicated that individual personal initiative predicted individual innovation behavior, while individual intrinsic motivation and LMX did not. Innovation behavior was measured using both quantitative indicators (e.g., new patents, products, scientific publications, and other publications) and 1eaders' ratings. A mediating effect was found in which leader-member exchange was associated with innovation through the personal initiative of team members. Organizational support moderated the relationship between LMX and individual personal initiative, strengthening the relationship when organizational support was high. The two studies concluded that leaders do influence the innovativeness of their teams and employees in various ways. Furthermore, factors residing at the individual, team, and organizationallevels of analysis may facilitate or undermine the efforts of leaders to influence innovation outcomes. Keywords: LMX, innovation, mediators, moderators, R&D ISSN l101-718X, ISRN GUIPSYKlA VH--248--SE Leif Denti, Gothenburg Research Institute, University of Gothenburg, Box 603, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: +46 31 786 5608. E-mail: leif.denti@grLgu.se
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| 20210. |
- Denti, Leif, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership and innovation in organizations: a systematic review of factors that mediate or moderate the relationship
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A leader supports teams and individuals as they turn their creative efforts into innovations (leader as facilitator) and manages the organization’s goals and activities aimed at innovation (leader as manager). This review focuses on when and how leadership relates to innovation (i.e., the factors that moderate or mediate the relationship between leadership and innovation). The sample consists of 30 empirical studies in which leadership is treated as the independent variable and innovation as the dependent variable. In addition to reviewing moderating and mediating factors, we identified two factors where the findings are ambiguous. The review proposes three new factors that may mediate or moderate the relationship between leadership and innovation.
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