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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Psykologi) "

Sökning: AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Psykologi)

  • Resultat 21-30 av 28498
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21.
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22.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Biologiska aspekter på personlighet - ett utbildningsPM
  • 2008
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Ett elementärt utbildningsPM som tar upp biologiska teorier med historik, fysiologiska ansatser, beteendegenetik, evolutionspsykologi och några biologiskt orienterade tankefel kring männikan och begreppet ras.
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23.
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24.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Om metoder för personbedömning i vardagslivet
  • 2002
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Syftet är att något klargöra och konkretisera saklighetsteori vid personbedömning samt att tydliggöra och kritiskt kommentera ett antal i vardagslivet förekommande "metoder" eller kvasimetoder för personbedömning, t.ex. "tycka-tro-känna-uppleva-intryck"-metoden med oberättigade fakticitetsanspråk. Skriften är erfarenhetsbaserad och betonar det omgivande makt-intresse-fältet inverkar på personbedömningar som tillhör forskningsområden som ofta betecknas som social perception eller social kognition. Skriften omfattar ca 35 sidor.
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25.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Personlighetspsykologins forskningsmetoder - ett utbildningsPM
  • 2008
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Med inriktning på personlighetspsykologi beskrivs elementärt och något kritiskt sju grupper av metoder/data som kan användas inom personlighetspsykologisk forskning. Vidare beskrivs elementärt forskningsprinciper och designer.
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26.
  • Feng, Qi, 1961- (författare)
  • Predictive action in infancy : Evidence of early prospective behavior
  • 2009
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • How do young infants understand and act on their constantly changing environment? An action perspective on motor development was taken into account. The present thesis investigated perception guided predictive action in 6-month-old infants, namely, head tracking and reaching for an object moving on a pre-defined trajectory, linear or nonlinear, fully visible or partially occluded. The motion trials were presented in a randomized order or in a way by using an ABBA block design. Study I of this thesis began with the exploration of the principles underlying infant predictive action. Infants were presented a fully visible moving object on four trajectories: two linear trajectories that intersected at the center of a display and two non-linear trajectories that contained a sudden turn at the point of intersection. The results supplied evidence that both infants’ head tracking and reaching showed an extrapolation of the object’s motion on linear paths, which was described by the principle of inertia. No learning effect was found in spite of repeated fully visible trials. Previous experiments reported that infants of similar age showed a reduction in reaching when object motion was occluded briefly. Thus Study II was undertaken, in part, to evaluate whether differences in the tasks resented to infants or differences in the visibility of the objects account for these findings. This was done by investigating infants’ predictive head tracking of an object following the procedure presented in Study I with only one exception: object motion was partially occluded by a small occluder positioned on the motion trajectory. Study II also raised a second question concerning infants’ ability to learn to anticipate upcoming object motions. It was found that infants were able to quickly learn to anticipate either linear or nonlinear motion but with a superior learning effect from linear motion. This pattern suggested a tendency to anticipate the upcoming motion in accord with inertia. Although a capacity to anticipate occluded object motion in accord with inertia was present, it was weak, as infants’ initial reaction to the occluded object motion revealed no such tendency. Learning in all cases was associated with the trajectory of the object, not the specific locations at which the object appeared. It was suggested that infants might form object representations that are influenced by learning and that are just weakly biased toward inertia extrapolation. This finding supported the claims that occlusion reduces the presentation of object representation, as suggested by single system of object representation theory.
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27.
  • Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Advancing Intervention Science Through Effectiveness Research : A Global Perspective
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Child and Youth Care Forum. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1053-1890 .- 1573-3319. ; 41:2, s. 109-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Effectiveness research is maturing as a field within intervention and prevention science. Effectiveness research involves the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the dissemination of evidence-based interventions in everyday circumstances (i.e., type 2 translational research). Effectiveness research is characterized by diverse types of research studies. Progress in this field has the potential to inform several debates within intervention science [e.g., fidelity versus local and cultural adaptation; identification of core components, effective dissemination systems). Objective: To provide illustrations from different countries (Ireland, Italy, South Africa, Sweden, New Zealand, and the United States) of how intervention science might raise the value of future effectiveness or type 2 translational research. Methods: Themes raised by individual articles and across articles are summarized and expanded on in this commentary. Results: Themes consist of raising awareness about the importance of effectiveness research on the cultural adaptation of evidence-based interventions and intervention support structures, as well as further development of strategies to bridge the gap between research and practice. Conclusions: Effectiveness research has an important role to play in affecting systemic change on a population level and allowing us to gain a realistic global understanding of the phenomena we hope to change through interventions. Articles in this special issue provide reports from social scientists and practitioners located in various parts of the world and offer a rich, diverse portrait of effectiveness research and theory development. The totality of the work contained in this special issue anticipates many of the changes that intervention and prevention science will undergo as we progress and develop effective dissemination strategies for evidence-based interventions that promote positive youth development and prevent youth and family problems on a global scale.
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28.
  • Josefsson, Maria, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic and Lifestyle Predictors of 15-Year Longitudinal Change in Episodic Memory
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 60:12, s. 2308-2312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To reveal distinct longitudinal trajectories in episodic memory over 15 years and to identify demographic, lifestyle, health-related, and genetic predictors of stability or decline. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Betula Project, Umeå, Sweden. Participants: One thousand nine hundred fifty-four healthy participants aged 35 to 85 at baseline. Measurements: Memory was assessed according to validated episodic memory tasks in participants from a large population-based sample. Data were analyzed using a random-effects pattern-mixture model that considered the effect of attrition over two to four longitudinal sessions. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of stability or decline relative to average change in episodic memory. Results: Of 1,558 participants with two or more test sessions, 18% were classified as maintainers and 13% as decliners, and 68% showed age-typical average change. More educated and more physically active participants, women, and those living with someone were more likely to be classified as maintainers, as were carriers of the met allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. Less educated participants, those not active in the labor force, and men were more likely to be classified as decliners, and the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele was more frequent in decliners. Conclusion: Quantitative, attrition-corrected assessment of longitudinal changes in memory can reveal substantial heterogeneity in aging trajectories, and genetic and lifestyle factors predict such heterogeneity.
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29.
  • Larsson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Bad odors stick better than good ones : Olfactory qualities and odor recognition
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Experimental psychology (Göttingen). - : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1618-3169 .- 2190-5142. ; 56:6, s. 375-380
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The influences of perceived odor qualities on the retention of olfactory information across the adult lifespan were examined. Young (19–36 years), young-old (60–74 years), and old (75–91 years) adults (n = 202) rated a set of unfamiliar odors across a series of perceptual dimensions (i.e., pleasantness, intensity, and irritability) at encoding. The overall results indicated that memory for unpleasant olfactory information was better than that for pleasant odors across the lifespan. Also, participants showed better retention for odors perceived with high intensity and irritability than for odors rated with low or medium scores. Interestingly, the old adults showed selective beneficial memory effects for odors rated as highly irritable. To the extent that perceptions of high irritability reflect an activation of the trigeminal sensory system, this finding suggests that older adults may use trigeminal components in odor information to compensate for age-related impairments in olfactory memory.
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30.
  • Ljungberg, Jessica K, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Cross-modal distraction by deviance : functional similarities between the auditory and tactile modalities
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Experimental psychology (Göttingen). - : Hogrefe Publishing. - 1618-3169 .- 2190-5142. ; 59:6, s. 355-363
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Unexpected task-irrelevant changes in the auditory or visual sensory channels have been shown to capture attention in an ineluctable manner and distract participants away from ongoing auditory or visual categorization tasks. We extend the study of this phenomenon by reporting the first within-participant comparison of deviance distraction in the tactile and auditory modalities. Using vibro-tactile-visual and auditory-visual cross-modal oddball tasks, we found that unexpected changes in the tactile and auditory modalities produced a number of functional similarities: A negative impact of distracter deviance on performance in the ongoing visual task, distraction on the subsequent trial (post-deviance distraction), and a similar decrease – but not the disappearance – of these effects across blocks. Despite these functional similarities, deviance distraction only correlated between the auditory and tactile modalities for the accuracy-based measure of deviance distraction and not for response latencies. Post-deviance distraction showed no correlation between modalities. Overall, the results suggest that behavioral deviance distraction may be underpinned by both modality-specific and multimodal mechanisms, while post-deviance distraction may predominantly relate to modality-specific processes.
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