| 41. |
- Meijers, Joost C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Protein C Inhibitor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag. - 1098-9064 .- 0094-6176. ; 37:4, s. 349-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a serine protease inhibitor and was originally identified as an inhibitor of activated protein C (APC). However, PCI is not specific for APC and also inhibits several proteases involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, cancer, wound healing, and fertility. The biological function of PCI is unknown due to broad enzyme specificity, its wide tissue distribution, and the lack of a suitable animal model. This review highlights the specific roles of PCI in the areas of hemostasis and thrombosis and fertilization, and it also describes the latest information on the fascinating participation of the protein in intracellular processes, phospholipid binding, and killing of bacteria.
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| 42. |
- Naudin, C, et al.
(författare)
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Factor XII Contact Activation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1098-9064 .- 0094-6176. ; 43:8, s. 814-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact activation is the surface-induced conversion of factor XII (FXII) zymogen to the serine protease FXIIa. Blood-circulating FXII binds to negatively charged surfaces and this contact to surfaces triggers a conformational change in the zymogen inducing autoactivation. Several surfaces that have the capacity for initiating FXII contact activation have been identified, including misfolded protein aggregates, collagen, nucleic acids, and platelet and microbial polyphosphate. Activated FXII initiates the proinflammatory kallikrein-kinin system and the intrinsic coagulation pathway, leading to formation of bradykinin and thrombin, respectively. FXII contact activation is well characterized in vitro and provides the mechanistic basis for the diagnostic clotting assay, activated partial thromboplastin time. However, only in the past decade has the critical role of FXII contact activation in pathological thrombosis been appreciated. While defective FXII contact activation provides thromboprotection, excess activation underlies the swelling disorder hereditary angioedema type III. This review provides an overview of the molecular basis of FXII contact activation and FXII contact activation–associated disease states.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Prandoni, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive Computed Tomography versus Limited Screening for Detection of Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism : A Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0094-6176 .- 1098-9064. ; 42:8, s. 884-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) may harbor occult cancer. Whether an extensive diagnostic work-up for cancer has additional value over a more limited screening for detection of underlying malignancy in these patients is controversial. We performed a randomized multicenter trial to assess if in patients with unprovoked VTE, a computed tomography (CT)-based diagnostic strategy including thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic CT in combination with fecal occult blood test yields a higher cancer detection rate than a nonstandardized testing approach based on physicians' clinical judgment and patients' preferences. Cancer-free patients were followed up for up to 24 months. Of the 195 consecutive patients with unprovoked VTE who were eligible for this investigation, an occult cancer was identified in 10 of the 98 patients (10.2%) randomized to the CT-based strategy, and in 8 of the 97 (8.2%) allocated to the personalized strategy (absolute difference, 2.0%; 95% confidence interval, -7.2-11.1; p=0.81). During follow-up, cancer was identified in an additional 2 patients in each group. Overall, 7 (7.1%) patients of the CT-based strategy died, as compared with 11 (11.3%) of the personalized strategy, with 2 and 4, respectively, due to cancer. In conclusion, a CT-based strategy in combination with fecal occult blood test does not provide a clinically significant benefit over more limited cancer screening for detecting occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00361647).
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| 45. |
- Ramström, Sofia, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet Function Determined by Flow Cytometry : New Perspectives?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. - : Thieme Medical Publishers. - 0094-6176 .- 1098-9064. ; 42:3, s. 268-281
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow cytometry enables studies of several different aspects of platelet function in response to a variety of platelet agonists. This can be done using only a small volume of whole blood, and also in blood with low platelet counts. These properties, together with the increasing number of flow cytometers available in hospitals worldwide, make flow cytometry an interesting option for laboratories interested in studies of platelet function in different clinical settings. This review focuses on practical issues regarding the use of flow cytometry for platelet function testing. It provides an overview of available activation markers, platelet agonists, and experimental setup issues. The review summarizes previous experience and factors important to consider to perform high-quality platelet function testing by flow cytometry. It also discusses its current use and possibilities and challenges for future use of flow cytometry in clinical settings.
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| 46. |
- Salvagno, Gian Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombin Generation Testing for Monitoring Hemophilia Treatment: A Clinical Perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag. - 1098-9064 .- 0094-6176. ; 36:7, s. 780-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thrombin generation is a key process that determines the extent of a hemostatic plug or a thrombotic process. The ensuing thrombin burst is crucial for the formation of a stable fibrin clot. During its active life, thrombin exerts a multitude of highly regulated actions on the blood and the vessel wall, among which is the clotting of fibrinogen. The inappropriate generation of thrombin may lead to pathological processes, foremost of which are hemorrhagic or thrombotic diseases. The coagulation system is usually investigated by means of two in vitro classical clotting tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. These assays assess only the time taken to form a clot and do not entirely reflect global hemostatic balance. They permit identification of connectivity between the component activities identified as required for plasma coagulation and define the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, which converge at the step of formation of the prothrombinase complex. However, the mechanisms established by in vitro tests are not always mirrored in the human pathologies associated with bleeding or thrombosis. The recent development of newer tests based on the continuous registration of thrombin generation (TG) under in vitro conditions that mimic more closely what occurs in vivo prompted us to reinvestigate the balance between procoagulants and anticoagulants in patients. Thrombin generation assays (TGA) not only provide an overall assessment of hemostasis, but they also target potential extrahemostatic effects of the generated thrombin, a potent agonist of a multitude of cellular activation pathways. Moreover, estimation of an individual's thrombin generation potential may correlate more closely with a hyper- or hypocoagulablc phenotype, compared with traditional coagulation tests. In this review, we discuss to what extent TG can be expected to reflect the clotting function of blood, the development and use of different TGA systems suitable for detecting changes in the kinetics of thrombin generation, and the test's clinical utility for patients with hemophilia or von Willebrand disease.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Schulman, S
(författare)
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Optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1098-9064 .- 0094-6176. ; 39:2, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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