SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "L773:0003 4878 "

Sökning: L773:0003 4878

  • Resultat 31-40 av 97
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
31.
  • Freitag, Sonja, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of working position on trunk posture and exertion for routine nursing tasks : An Experimental Study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 58:3, s. 317-325
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives:To examine the influence of the two following factors on the proportion of time that nurses spend in a forward-bending trunk posture: (i) the bed height during basic care activities at the bedside and (ii) the work method during basic care activities in the bathroom. A further aim was to examine the connection between the proportion of time spent in a forward-bending posture and the perceived exertion.Methods:Twelve nurses in a geriatric nursing home each performed a standardized care routine at the bedside and in the bathroom. The CUELA (German abbreviation for 'computer-Assisted recording and long-Term analysis of musculoskeletal loads') measuring system was used to record all trunk inclinations. Each participant conducted three tests with the bed at different heights (knee height, thigh height, and hip height) and in the bathroom, three tests were performed with different work methods (standing, kneeling, and sitting). After each test, participants rated their perceived exertion on the 15-point Borg scale (6 = no exertion at all and 20 = exhaustion).Results:If the bed was raised from knee to thigh level, the proportion of time spent in an upright position increased by 8.2% points. However, the effect was not significant (P = 0.193). Only when the bed was raised to hip height, there was a significant increase of 19.8% points (reference: thigh level; P = 0.003) and 28.0% points (reference: knee height; P < 0.001). Bathroom tests: compared with the standing work method, the kneeling and sitting work methods led to a significant increase in the proportion of time spent in an upright posture, by 19.4% points (P = 0.003) and 25.7% points (P < 0.001), respectively. The greater the proportion of time spent in an upright position, the lower the Borg rating (P < 0.001) awarded.Conclusions:The higher the proportion of time that nursing personnel work in an upright position, the less strenuous they perceive the work to be. Raising the bed to hip height and using a stool in the bathroom significantly increase the proportion of time that nursing personnel work in an upright position. Nursing staff can spend a considerably greater proportion of their time in an ergonomic posture if stools and height-Adjustable beds are provided in healthcare institutions.
  •  
32.
  • Geng, Q., et al. (författare)
  • Temperature limit values for touching cold surfaces with the fingertip
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162 .- 0003-4878. ; 50:8, s. 851-862
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was performed in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the short-term accidental touching of the fingertip with cold surfaces. Methods: Data were collected in four laboratories with a total of 20 males and 20 females performing a grand total of 1655 exposures. Each touched polished blocks of aluminium, stainless steel, nylon-6 and wood using the distal phalanx of the index finger with a contact force of 1.0, 2.9 and 9.8 N, at surface temperatures from +2 to -40 degrees C for a maximum duration of 120 s. Conditions were selected in order to elicit varying rates of skin cooling upon contact. Contact temperature (T-C) of the fingertip was measured over time using a T-type thermocouple. Results: A database obtained from the experiments was collated and analysed to characterize fingertip contact cooling across a range of materials and surface temperatures. The database was subsequently used to develop a predictive model to describe the contact duration required for skin contact temperature to reach the physiological criteria of onset of pain (15 degrees C), onset of numbness (7 degrees C) and onset of frostbite risk (0 degrees C). Conclusions: The data reflect the strong link between the risk of skin damage and the thermal properties of the material touched. For aluminium and steel, skin temperatures of 0 degrees C occurs within 2-6 s at surface temperatures of -15 degrees C. For non-metallic surfaces, onset of numbness occurs within 15-65 s of contact at -35 degrees C and onset of cold pain occurs within 5 s of contact at -20 degrees C. The predictive model subsequently developed was a non-linear exponential expression also reflecting the effects of material thermal properties and initial temperature. This model provides information for the protection of workers against the risk of cold injury by establishing the temperature limits of cold touchable surfaces for a broad range of materials, and it is now proposed as guidance values in a new international standard.
  •  
33.
  • Gustavsson, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Adsorption Efficiency of Respirator Filter Cartridges for Isocyanates
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 54:4, s. 377-390
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In some industries, the temperature and the humidity will vary greatly between different work places, such as outdoor work in arctic or tropical climates. There is therefore a need to test respirator filters at conditions that simulate conditions that are relevant for the industries that they are used in. Filter cartridges were exposed to controlled atmospheres of varying isocyanate concentration, air humidity, and temperature in an exposure chamber. For isocyanic acid (ICA) and methyl isocyanate (MIC), the exposure concentrations were between 100 and 200 p.p.b., monitored using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer. ICA and MIC were generated by continuous thermal degradation of urea and dimethylurea. The breakthrough was studied by collecting air samples at the outlet of the filter cartridges using impinger flasks or dry samplers with di-n-butylamine as derivatization reagent for isocyanates followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. For hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), the exposure concentrations were between 4 and 20 p.p.b. and were generated by wet membrane permeation. To reveal the profile of adsorption in different layers of the respirator filters, representative samples from each of the layers were hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis products hexamethylene diamine and isophorone diamine were determined after derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The two filter types studied efficiently absorbed both ICA and MIC. There was no trend of impaired performance throughout 48-h exposure tests. Even when the filters were exposed to high concentrations (similar to 200 p.p.b.) of ICA and MIC for 96 h, the isocyanates were efficiently absorbed with only a limited breakthrough. The majority of the HDI and IPDI (> 90%) were absorbed in the top layers of the absorbant, but HDI and IPDI penetrated farther down into the respirator filters during 120 h of exposure as compared to 16 h exposure.
  •  
34.
  • Gylestam, Daniel, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Dry Sampling of Gas-Phase Isocyanates and Isocyanate Aerosols from Thermal Degradation of Polyurethane
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 58:1, s. 28-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance of a dry sampler, with an impregnated denuder in series with a glass fibre filter, using di-n-butylamine (DBA) for airborne isocyanates (200ml min−1) is investigated and compared with an impinger flask with a glass fibre filter in series (1 l min−1). An exposure chamber containing 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the concentration range of 5–205 μg m−3 [0.7–33 p.p.b.; relative humidity (RH) 50%], generated by gas- and liquid-phase permeation, was used for the investigation. The precision for the dry sampling for five series with eight samplers were in the range of 2.0–6.1% with an average of 3.8%. During 120-min sampling (n = 4), no breakthrough was observed when analysing samplers in series. Sixty-four exposed samplers were analysed after storage for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. No breakdown of isocyanate derivatives was observed. Twenty-eight samplers in groups of eight were collecting isocyanates during 0.5–32h. Virtually linear relationships were obtained with regard to sampling time and collected isocyanates with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.998–0.999 with the intercept close to the origin. Pre- or post-exposure to ambient air did not affect the result. Dry sampling (n = 48) with impinger-filter sampling (n = 48) of thermal decomposition product of polyurethane polymers, at RH 20, 40, 60, and 90%, was compared for 11 isocyanate compounds. The ratio between the different isocyanates collected with dry samplers and impinger-filter samplers was in the range of 0.80–1.14 for RH = 20%, 0.8–1.25 for RH = 40%, 0.76–1.4 for RH = 60%, and 0.72–3.7 for RH = 90%. Taking into account experimental errors, it seems clear that isocyanic acid DBA derivatives are found at higher levels in the dry samples compared with impinger-filter samplers at elevated humidity. The dry sampling using DBA as the reagent enables easy and robust sampling without the need of field extraction.
  •  
35.
  • Gylestam, Daniel, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Sampling of Respirable Isocyanate Particles
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 58:3, s. 340-354
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An advanced design of a denuder impactor (DI) sampler has been developed for characterization of possible airborne isocyanate exposure in different particle size fractions. The sampler is equipped with 12 different parallel denuder tubes, 4 impaction stages with the cut-off values (d50) of: 9.5, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm, and an end filter that collects particles < 1 µm. All collecting parts were impregnated with di-n-butylamine DBA as the reagent in a mixture with acetic acid. The performance of the DI sampler was studied on a standard atmosphere containing gas and particulate isocyanates. The isocyanate atmosphere was generated by liquid permeation of 2,4-, 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) and Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI). 4,4’-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) particles were generated by heating of technical MDI and condensing the mixture of gas and particle-borne MDI in an atmosphere containing mixed salt particles. The study was performed in a 0.85 m3 environmental chamber with stainless steel walls. With the advancement of the DI sampler it is now possible to collect isocyanate particle samples for up to 320min. The performance of the DI sampler is essentially unaffected by the humidity. The DI sampler and the ASSET™ EZ4-NCO sampler (Sigma-Aldrich/Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) gave similar results. Sample losses within the DI sampler are low. In the environmental chamber it was observed that the particle distribution may be affected by the humidity and ageing. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to separate a flow of selected fractions containing MDI particles from mixed MDI and salt particles. The particle-size distribution had a maximum at about 300nm, but later in the environmental chamber 1 µm dominated. The distribution was very different as compared to with only NaCl or MDI present. The biological relevance for studying isocyanate nano particles is significant as these have the possibility to reach the lower airways where allergic reactions may occur. SMPS and isocyanate air sampling can be used for the investigation of isocyanate nano particles.
  •  
36.
  • Hagström, Katja, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Variability and determinants of wood dust and resin acid exposure during wood pellet production : measurement strategies and bias in assessing exposure-response relationships
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 52:8, s. 685-694
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Production of wood pellets is a relatively new and expanding industry in which the exposure profiles differ from those in other wood-processing industries like carpentries and sawmills where there are lower levels of wood dust. Sixty-eight personal exposure measurements of wood dust (inhalable and total dust) and resin acids were collected for 44 participants at four production plants located in Sweden. Results were used to estimate within- and between-worker variability and to identify uniformly exposed groups and determinants of exposure. In addition, overexposure, whether the risk of the long-term mean exposure of a randomly selected worker exceeding the occupational exposure limit is acceptably low, was calculated as well as the underestimation of the exposure–response relationship (attenuation). Greater variability in exposure between work shifts than between workers was observed with the within-worker variation accounting for 57–99% of the total variance in the individual-based model. Several uniformly exposed groups were detected but were mostly associated with a between-worker variation of zero which is an underestimation of the between-worker variation but an indication of uniformly exposed groups. Cleaning was identified as a work task that increases exposure slightly; so reducing workers’ exposure during this operation is advisable. The levels of wood dust were high and were found to pose unacceptable risks of overexposure at all plants for inhalable dust and at three out of four plants for total dust. These findings show that exposure to dust needs to be reduced in this industry. For resin acids, the exposure was classed as acceptable at all plants. According to an individual-based model constructed from the data, the level of attenuation was high, and thus there would be substantial bias in derived dose–response relationships.
  •  
37.
  • Hedlund, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Exposure-response of silicosis mortality in Swedish iron ore miners.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 52:1, s. 3-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To assess the exposure-response relationship between exposure to quartz and fatal silicosis. METHODS: The mortality from silicosis in 7729 miners was analyzed and compared to their estimated exposure to respirable quartz. The miners had been working as a miner for at least 1 year between 1923 and 1996. Their mortality between 1952 and 2001 was studied by using information from the national cause of death register. Both underlying and contributing causes of death were considered in the analysis. The exposure to quartz was estimated from job titles and using 3239 measurements of personal exposure to respirable quartz from 1965 to 1999. The mortality rates were adjusted to attained age and years of birth using a Poisson regression. RESULTS: The median cumulative exposure among the 7729 miners was 0.9 mg x years m(-3). There were 58 deaths from silicosis. Their median cumulative exposure was 4.8 mg x years m(-3). The crude mortality rate was 53 cases per 100,000 person-years with an exposure-response relationship. CONCLUSION: There seems to be an increased risk of fatal silicosis at exposure levels around 3 mg x years m(-3) for respirable quartz.
  •  
38.
  •  
39.
  •  
40.
  • Heiden, Marina, et al. (författare)
  • A comparison of two strategies for building an exposure prediction model
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 60:1, s. 74-89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cost-efficient assessments of job exposures in large populations may be obtained from models in which “true” exposures assessed by expensive measurement methods are estimated from easily accessible and cheap predictors. Typically, the models are built on the basis of a validation study comprising “true” exposure data as well as an extensive collection of candidate predictors from questionnaires or company data, which cannot all be included in the models due to restrictions in the degrees of freedom available for modeling. In these situations, predictors need to be selected using procedures that can identify the best possible subset of predictors among the candidates. The present study compares two strategies for selecting a set of predictor variables. One strategy relies on stepwise hypothesis testing of associations between predictors and exposure, while the other uses cluster analysis to reduce the number of predictors without relying on empirical information about the measured exposure. Both strategies were applied to the same dataset on biomechanical exposure and candidate predictors among computer users, and they were compared in terms of identified predictors of exposure as well as the resulting model fit using bootstrapped resamples of the original data. The identified predictors were, to a large part, different between the two strategies, and the initial model fit was better for the stepwise testing strategy than for the clustering approach. Internal validation of the models using bootstrap resampling with fixed predictors revealed an equally reduced model fit in resampled datasets for both strategies. However, when predictor selection was incorporated in the validation procedure for the stepwise testing strategy, the model fit was reduced to the extent that both strategies showed similar model fit. Thus, the two strategies would both be expected to perform poorly with respect to predicting biomechanical exposure in other samples of computer users.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 31-40 av 97
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (97)
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (93)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (4)
Författare/redaktör
Eriksson, Kåre (8)
Mathiassen, Svend Er ... (7)
LUNDGREN, L (7)
Liden, C (6)
Wahlström, Jens (5)
Plato, N (5)
visa fler...
Kromhout, H (4)
Torén, Kjell, 1952 (4)
Karlsson, Daniel (4)
Wesseling, C. (4)
Krantz, S (4)
Lillienberg, Linnea, ... (4)
Boman, A (4)
Bryngelsson, Ing-Lis ... (4)
Berg, Peter (4)
Andersson, Eva, 1955 (3)
Hedmer, Maria (3)
Tornling, G (3)
Nilsson, Leif (3)
Meding, B (3)
Tinnerberg, Håkan (3)
Dahlman-Höglund, Ann ... (3)
Westberg, Håkan, 194 ... (3)
Nilsson, Patrik (3)
Aragon, A (3)
Nise, G (3)
Lampa, Erik (2)
Straif, K (2)
Isaxon, Christina (2)
Gudmundsson, Anders (2)
Burstyn, I (2)
Bohgard, Mats (2)
Pagels, Joakim (2)
Gustavsson, P (2)
Järvholm, Bengt (2)
Dahlin, Jakob (2)
Lundstrom, S (2)
Lundberg, Ingvar (2)
Vincent, R. (2)
Knutsson, Anders (2)
Larsson, Tore J (2)
Westberg, Håkan (2)
Nygren, Olle (2)
Blanco, LE (2)
Ruepert, C (2)
Aragón, Aurora (2)
Toomingas, Allan (2)
Messing, Maria (2)
Vermeulen, R. (2)
Mirabelli, D (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Karolinska Institutet (32)
Umeå universitet (28)
Stockholms universitet (11)
Göteborgs universitet (8)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (8)
Lunds universitet (8)
visa fler...
Uppsala universitet (7)
Örebro universitet (7)
Högskolan i Gävle (6)
Mittuniversitetet (2)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (2)
RISE (1)
Högskolan Dalarna (1)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (97)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (46)
Naturvetenskap (11)
Teknik (5)
Lantbruksvetenskap (2)
Samhällsvetenskap (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy