| 31. |
- Rahmqvist, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Influenza-related healthcare visits, hospital admissions, and direct medical costs for all children aged 2 to 17 years in a defined Swedish region, monitored for 7 years
- 2016
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In: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 95:33, s. UNSP e4599-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The seasonal variation of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) is well known. However, studies assessing the factual direct costs of ILI for an entire population are rare. Methods: In this register study, we analyzed the seasonal variation of ILI-related healthcare visits and hospital admissions for children aged 2 to 17 years, and the resultant parental absence fromwork, for the period 2005 to 2012. The study population comprised an open cohort of about 78,000 children per year from a defined region. ILI was defined as ICD-10 codes: J00-J06; J09-J15, J20; H65-H67. Results: Overall, the odds of visiting a primary care center for an ILI was 1.64-times higher during the peak influenza season, compared to the preinfluenza season. The corresponding OR among children aged 2 to 4 years was 1.96. On average, an estimated 20% of all healthcare visits for children aged 2 to 17 years, and 10% of the total healthcare costs, were attributable to seasonal ILI. In primary care, the costs per week and 10,000 person years for ILI varied - by season - from (sic)3500 to (sic)7400. The total ILI cost per year, including all physical healthcare forms, was (sic)400,400 per 10,000 children aged 2 to 17 years. The costs for prescribed and purchased drugs related to ILI symptoms constituted 52% of all medicine costs, and added 5.8% to the direct healthcare costs. The use of temporary parental employment benefits for caring of ill child followed the seasonal pattern of ILI (r = 0.91, P amp;lt; 0.001). Parental absence from work was estimated to generate indirect costs, through loss of productivity of 5.2 to 6.2 times the direct costs. Conclusions: Direct healthcare costs increased significantly during the influenza season for children aged 2 to 17 years, both in primary and hospital outpatient care, but not in hospital inpatient care. Primary care manages the majority of visits for influenza and ILI. Children 2 to 4 years have a larger portion of their total healthcare encounters related to ILI compared with older children. There is a clear correlation between ILI visits across the years and parental absence from work.
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| 32. |
- Sperk, Maike, et al.
(author)
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Plasma soluble factor following two decades prolonged suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-positive males A cross-sectional study
- 2018
-
In: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 97:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a marked induction of several pathways that are linked to inflammation and CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Many of these processes do not fully resolve on short-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (<5 years), despite complete and durable suppression of viremia. The effects of long-term (>15 years) successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the linkage between levels of biomarkers remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the host plasma proteome in a well-defined clinical material from HIV-1-positive male patients on successful long-term ART (>15 years) and compared them with age-matched healthy controls and treatment-naive male patients with viremia in a cross-sectional manner. Plasma samples were obtained from 3 categories of age-matched HIV-1-positive male patients on long-term successfully (ART, n=10) with a median (Interquartile range, IQR) of 19 (17-20) years, treatment-naive patients with viremia (VP, n=14), and HIV-1-negative persons (HC, n=11). Plasma proteome was analyzed using the proximity extension assay targeting 92 factors. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism v7, R-packages, and Qlucore Omics Explorer v3.2. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and interactions of specific molecules were identified using Path Designer integrated into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Group wise comparison identified 53 soluble factors, which differed between the groups (P < .05). Cluster analysis identified 13 discrete soluble factors (CD8A, CRTAM, CXCL13, EGF, CD5, CD40, CXCL9, Gal-1, IL12RB1, KLRD1, PD-1, CASP-8 and TNFRSF9) between the studied groups (adjusted P < .001). The long-term successfully ART-treated individuals clustered and networked with the HC while VPs clustered separately. All of the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were normalized back to levels of healthy controls in long-term successfully ART-treated individuals, but not the levels of KLRD1 and PGDFB. sKLRD1 that is involved in the regulation of natural killer cell (NK) mediated cytotoxicity, failed to be restored to the level of HIV-negative individuals despite successful long-term ART. Additional analysis of NK cells along with T-cell subsets can provide insights into the long-term effects of ART on the immune system.
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| 33. |
- Stegmayr, Bernd G., et al.
(author)
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Few Outflow Problems With a Self-locating Catheter for Peritoneal Dialysis : A Randomized Trial
- 2015
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In: Medicine. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 94:48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We developed a technique for direct start of peritoneal dialysis. Using a coiled or straight Tenckhoff catheter often results in obstruction of flow. A self-locating Wolfram catheter is on the market. It is not clarified if this results in a benefit.The primary aim of this study was to perform a randomized investigation to clarify if the use of a self-locating peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter would result in different flow problems than a straight Tenckhoff catheter.A total of 61 insertions were made who were randomized and received either a straight Tenckhoff (n = 32) or a self-locating Wolfram catheter (n = 29). A previously described operation technique allowed immediate postoperative start of dialysis. Seven straight Tenckhoff catheters had to be changed into self-locating catheters, and none vice versa, due to flow problems (P = 0.011). An early leakage resulted in temporarily postponed PD in 4 patients. This study showed that using the present operation technique the self-locating PD-catheter causes fewer obstruction episodes than a straight Tenckhoff catheter. This facilitates immediate postoperative start of PD.
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| 34. |
- Strandberg, Emelie, et al.
(author)
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Effects of heavy-load resistance training during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy on muscle cellular outcomes in women with breast cancer
- 2021
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In: Medicine. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 100:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a deleterious impact on muscle tissue resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and function. Physical exercise during treatment may counteract some of these negative effects. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) alone have never been explored. The present study aims to investigate if heavy-load RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy counteracts deleterious effects on skeletal muscle in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We hypothesize that (neo-)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy will reduce muscle fiber size, impair mitochondrial function, and increase indicators of cellular stress and that RT during treatment will counteract these negative effects. We also hypothesize that RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will increase muscle and blood levels of potential antitumor myokines and reduce treatment-related side effects on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods: Fifty women recently diagnosed with breast cancer scheduled to start (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will be randomized to either randomized to either intervention group or to control group.The intervention group will perform supervised heavy-load RT twice a week over the course of chemotherapy (approximately 16-weeks) whereas the control group will be encouraged to continue with their usual activities. Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis will be collected before the first cycle of chemotherapy (T0), after chemotherapy (T1), and 6 months later (T2) for assessment of muscle cellular outcomes. The primary outcome for this study is muscle fiber size. Secondary outcomes are: regulators of muscle fiber size and function, indicators of cellular stress and mitochondrial function, myokines with potential antitumor effects, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (Dnr:2016/230/2). Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings, publications in peer-reviewed journals, social media, and patient organizations.Trial registration number: NCT04586517.
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| 35. |
- Strandberg, E., et al.
(author)
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Effects of heavy-load resistance training during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy on muscle cellular outcomes in women with breast cancer
- 2021
-
In: Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 100:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a deleterious impact on muscle tissue resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and function. Physical exercise during treatment may counteract some of these negative effects. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) alone have never been explored. The present study aims to investigate if heavy-load RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy counteracts deleterious effects on skeletal muscle in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We hypothesize that (neo-)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy will reduce muscle fiber size, impair mitochondrial function, and increase indicators of cellular stress and that RT during treatment will counteract these negative effects. We also hypothesize that RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will increase muscle and blood levels of potential antitumor myokines and reduce treatment-related side effects on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: Fifty women recently diagnosed with breast cancer scheduled to start (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy will be randomized to either randomized to either intervention group or to control group. The intervention group will perform supervised heavy-load RT twice a week over the course of chemotherapy (approximately 16-weeks) whereas the control group will be encouraged to continue with their usual activities. Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis will be collected before the first cycle of chemotherapy (T0), after chemotherapy (T1), and 6 months later (T2) for assessment of muscle cellular outcomes. The primary outcome for this study is muscle fiber size. Secondary outcomes are: regulators of muscle fiber size and function, indicators of cellular stress and mitochondrial function, myokines with potential antitumor effects, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (Dnr:2016/230/2). Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings, publications in peer-reviewed journals, social media, and patient organizations.
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| 36. |
- Tominaga, Hiroyuki, et al.
(author)
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Surgical treatment of the severely damaged atlantoaxial joint with C1-C2 facet spacers Three case reports
- 2019
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In: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 98:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), caused by congenital factors, inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, infection, neoplasia, or trauma, is rare and severely erodes and subluxates atlantoaxial (AA) joints. For these patients, surgical reduction, and stabilization are difficult. Surgery, including anterior transoral decompression and posterior fixation, anterior endonasal decompression and fixation, and posterior decompression with AA or occipitocervical fixation, is often the only treatment available. However, there have only been 2 reports of C1-C2 facet spacer use in treating AAS. Here, we report the case histories of 3 patients with severely damaged and subluxated AA joints and symptomatic basilar invagination (BI), malalignment, or C2 root compression. Patient concerns: The cases included 2 women with rheumatoid arthritis and 1 man with spondyloarthropathy secondary to ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis: Radiographic imaging revealed severely damaged and subluxated AA joints. Their symptoms included worsening pain in the neck or occiput with or without myelopathy and neuralgia. Interventions: After realignment with C1-C2 spacers and posterior C1-C2 screw fixation, the patient symptoms were resolved. Outcomes: Of note, 2 of the 3 patients were healed without complications. One patient who underwent secondary revision surgery because of rod breakage and obvious nonunion at C0-C2 was determined to be healed at 1-year follow-up after the revision surgery. Lessons: We confirmed that C1-C2 facet spacers both reduced BI and occipitocervical coronal malalignment as well as releasing C2 root compression. Therefore, surgical restoration and fixation should be a required treatment in this very rare group of patients.
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| 37. |
- Wang, Mo-Jin, et al.
(author)
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Prognostic significance and molecular features of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas : A strobe-compliant study
- 2015
-
In: Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 94:51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) is a special histology subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The survival of MC is controversial and the prognostic biomarkers of MC remain unclear. To analyze prognostic significance and molecular features of colorectal MC. This study included 755,682 and 1001 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER, 1973 2011), and Linkoping Cancer (LC, 1972-2009) databases. We investigated independently the clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and variety of molecular features from these 2 databases. MC was found in 9.3% and 9.8% patients in SEER and LC, respectively. MC was more frequently localized in the right colon compared with nonmucinous adenocarcinoma (NMC) in both SEER (57.7% vs 37.2%, P < 0.001) and LC (46.9% vs 27.7%, P < 0.001). Colorectal MC patients had significantly worse cancer-specific survival (CSS) than NMC patients (SEER, P < 0.001; LC, P = 0.026), prominently in stage III (SEER, P < 0.001; P=0.023). The multivariate survival analysis showed that MC was independently related to poor prognosis in rectal cancer patients (SEER, hazard ratios [HR], 1.076; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.057-1.096; P < 0.001). In LC, the integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic features showed that that strong expression of PINCH (HR, 3.954; 95% CI, 1.493-10.47; P = 0.013) and weak expression of RAD50 (HR 0.348, 95% CT, 0.106-1.192; P=0.026) were significantly associated with poor CSS of colorectal MC patients. In conclusion, the colorectal MC patients had significantly worse CSS than NMC patients, prominently in stage III. MC was an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival in rectal cancer patients. The PINCH and RAD50 were prognostic biomarkers for colorectal MC patients.
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| 38. |
- Weidung, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Systolic blood pressure decline in very old individuals is explained by deteriorating health : Longitudinal changes from Umea85+/GERDA
- 2017
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In: Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 96:51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Declining systolic blood pressure (SBP) is common in very old age and is associated with adverse events, such as dementia. Knowledge of factors associated with SBP changes could explain the etiology of this decline in SBP. This study investigated longitudinal changes in socioeconomic factors, medical conditions, drug prescriptions, and assessments and their associations with SBP changes among very old followed individuals.The study was based on data from the Umea85+/Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) cohort study, which provided cross-sectional and longitudinal data on participants aged 85, 90, and 95 years from 2000 to 2015. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 5 years. The main outcome was a change in SBP. Factors associated with SBP changes were assessed using multivariate linear regression models.In the Umea85+/GERDA study, 454 surviving individuals underwent follow-up assessment after 5 years. Of these, 297 had SBP measured at baseline and follow-up. The mean changestandard deviation in SBP was -12 +/- 25mm Hg. SBP decline was associated independently with later investigation year (P=.009), higher baseline SBP (P<.001), baseline antidepressant prescription (P=.011), incident acute myocardial infarction during follow-up (P=.003), new diuretic prescription during follow-up (P=.044), and a decline in the Barthel Activities of Daily Living index at follow-up (P<.001).In conclusion, SBP declines among very old individuals. This decline seems to be associated with initial SBP level, investigation year, and health-related factors.
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| 39. |
- Weigl, Wojciech, et al.
(author)
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Analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl during the period of highest analgesic demand after cesarean section A randomized controlled study
- 2016
-
In: Medicine. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 95:24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures in female patients. We aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl during the period of greatest postoperative analgesic demand after CS. This period was defined by detailed analysis of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) usage. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized trial included 60 parturients who were scheduled for elective CS. Participants received spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine supplemented with normal saline (control group) or with fentanyl 25 mg (fentanyl group). To evaluate primary endpoints, we measured total pethidine consumption over the period of greatest PCA pethidine requirement. For verification of secondary endpoints, we recorded intravenous PCA requirement in other time windows, duration of effective analgesia, pain scores assessed by visual analog scale, opioid side effects, hemodynamic changes, neonatal Apgar scores, and intraoperative pain. Detailed analysis of hour-by-hour PCA opioid requirements showed that the greatest demand for analgesics among patients in the control group occurred during the first 12 hours after surgery. Patients in the fentanyl group had significantly reduced opioid consumption compared with the controls during this period and had a prolonged duration of effective analgesia. The groups were similar in visual analog scale, incidence of analgesia-related side effects (nausea/vomiting, pruritus, oversedation, and respiratory depression), and neonatal Apgar scores. Mild respiratory depression occurred in 1 patient in each group. Fewer patients experienced intraoperative pain in the fentanyl group (3% vs 23%; relative risk 6.8, 95% confidence interval 0.9-51.6). The requirement for postoperative analgesics is greatest during the first 12hours after induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing CS. The addition of intrathecal fentanyl to spinal anesthesia is effective for intraoperative analgesia and decreases opioid consumption during the period of the highest analgesic demand after CS, without an increase in maternal or neonatal side effects. We recommend using intrathecal fentanyl for CS in medical centers not using morphine or other opioids intrathecally at present.
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| 40. |
- Weigl, Wojciech, et al.
(author)
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Perioperative analgesia after intrathecal fentanyl and morphine or morphine alone for cesarean section : A randomized controlled study
- 2017
-
In: Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0025-7974 .- 1536-5964. ; 96:48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Intrathecal morphine is used in the postoperative management of pain after caesarean section (CS), but might not be optimal for intraoperative analgesia. We hypothesized that intrathecal fentanyl could supplement intraoperative analgesia when added to a local anesthetic and morphine without affecting management of postoperative pain.Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study included 60 parturients scheduled for elective CS. Spinal anesthesia consisted of bupivacaine with either morphine 100 mu g (M group), or fentanyl 25 mu g and morphine 100 mu g (FM group). The frequency of intraoperative pain and pethidine consumption in the 24 hours postoperatively was recorded.Results: Fewer patients in the FM group required additional intraoperative analgesia (P < .01, relative risk 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-1.04). The FM group was noninferior to the M group for 24-hour opioid consumption (95% CI -10.0 mg to 45.7 mg, which was below the prespecified boundary of 50 mg). Pethidine consumption in postoperative hours 1 to 12 was significantly higher in the FM group (P=.02). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were more common in the FM group (P=.01). Visual analog scale scores, effective analgesia, Apgar scores, and rates of pruritus and respiratory depression were similar between the groups.Conclusions: Intrathecal combination of fentanyl and morphine may provide better perioperative analgesia than morphine alone in CS and could be useful when the time from anesthesia to skin incision is short. However, an increase in PONV and possible acute spinal opioid tolerance after addition of intrathecal fentanyl warrants further investigation using lower doses of fentanyl.
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