| 211. |
|
|
| 212. |
- Nyquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Nature and healing of tibial shaft fractures in alcohol abusers
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 32:1, s. 91-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of osteopenia and fractures. Previous histomorphometric studies on iliac crest bone have found decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption in alcohol abusers but it has not been established whether alcohol abuse has any effect on the anatomical location or the healing time of tibial shaft fractures. We studied, retrospectively, 199 adult male patients hospitalized for isolated tibial shaft fracture in the city of Malmo, Sweden, between 1980 and 1990. Forty-nine of the patients had earlier been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases and were judged to be problem drinkers. Abusers sustained their tibial shaft fractures more often by falling at ground level (P < 0.0001) or from a higher level (P = 0.009) and the fractures were more often oblique than transverse (P = 0.002) as compared with non-abusers. Healing time was impaired in abusers who had sustained a transverse fracture (P = 0.035), but no difference was observed in healing time in those with a oblique fracture. We found no difference between the abusers and the non-abusers regarding duration of hospital stay, fracture location, amount of displacement, occurrence of open fractures or the rate of complications.
|
|
| 213. |
- Nyquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteopenia in alcoholics after tibial shaft fractures
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 32:5, s. 599-604
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A marked reduction of 40-70% in regional bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported after fractures of long bones, and this post-traumatic osteopenia may to some extent persist for several years, perhaps lifelong. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether prolonged alcohol abuse had any effect on the degree of post-traumatic osteopenia after isolated tibia shaft fractures, the rationale for such a suspicion being the deranged bone metabolism found in alcoholics. We also wanted to investigate whether dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or quantitative ultrasound technique could detect differences between abusers and non-abusers in post-traumatic bone loss. We measured the BMD in 61 male patients with isolated tibia shaft fractures (1984-94) with the Lunar DPX-L and the Lunar Achilles. Twenty-four of the patients were verified to be high consumers of alcohol. After correction for differences in age and the time elapsed since the fracture event, we found significantly lower (11%; P = 0.017) BMD in the femoral neck of the fractured leg in abusers when utilizing the DEXA technique. No differences between abusers and non-abusers in BMD were detectable when using the ultrasound technique. We found a fair correlation (r = 0.63-0.81) between the DEXA and the ultrasound techniques in regions with spongious bone. Our findings suggest that alcohol abuse has some, albeit a limited, effect on the degree of post-traumatic osteopenia and that ultrasound measurements in the calcaneus are of little use in detecting an increased post-traumatic osteopenia in this patient group.
|
|
| 214. |
- Rodriguez, F David, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for maintaining constant ethanol concentrations in cell culture media
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 27:3, s. 309-313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study reports on the development of a model for maintaining constant ethanol concentrations over time in cell culture media. When neuroblastoma x glioma cells (NG 108-15) were grown in ethanol containing media under standard cultivation conditions in the incubator at 37 degrees C, a 90% evaporation was observed after 24 hr. To counteract evaporation, the cell culture dishes were placed inside polystyrene boxes together with an open dish containing an appropriate amount of ethanol. By using such procedure, the decrease in ethanol concentration in the culture media was completely avoided. Cultivating cells in ethanol-free media inside sealed plastic boxes did not change their viability, growth rate, protein and phospholipid composition of the cells or the pH of the media, compared to cultures grown outside the boxes.
|
|
| 215. |
- Simonsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and CDTect immunoassay
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 31:4, s. 397-402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was measured in three populations using anion-exchange chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay (CDTectTM) and a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The correlation between the methods in 50 consecutive clinical samples was good (r = 0.87). However, in a set of 49 samples with CDT concentrations close to the reference value of the methods, the correlation was low (r = 0.51). In addition, among controls, no correlation between the methods was found (r = 0.10). Abnormal isoforms of transferrin were noted in 5% of the clinical samples. HPLC determination of CDT offers the advantage of identifying these isoforms of transferrin and thus reducing analytical pitfalls associated with the CDTectTM method.
|
|
| 216. |
- Simonsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein kinase C modulation of the ethanol effect on serotonin2 receptor transduction in astrocytes
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 24:5, s. 401-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute ethanol exposure stimulated serotonin2 receptor signalling in cultured astrocytes. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 significantly increased the ethanol-induced potentiation of [3H]-inositol phosphates accumulation. The increase could be explained by an augmented activation of phospholipase C. The results indicate a role of PKC for the modulation of ethanol effects on cellular signalling.
|
|
| 217. |
- Simonsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Serotonin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in platelets from post-withdrawal alcoholics
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 27:6, s. 607-612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has previously been reported that serotonin-stimulated second messenger formation is inhibited in platelets from alcoholics undergoing detoxification. Serotonin-stimulated signal transduction was therefore analysed in platelets from young post-withdrawal alcoholics to elucidate whether the previously reported inhibition is a state or trait marker of alcoholism. No difference between post-withdrawal alcoholics and controls was found with regard to serotonin-stimulated [32P]-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis or [32P]-phosphatidic acid formation. The results indicate that the inhibited serotonin2 receptor function seen in alcoholics undergoing detoxification is a state-dependent rather than a trait-dependent marker.
|
|
| 218. |
- Spak, Lena, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors in childhood and youth predicting alcohol dependence and abuse in Swedish women: Findings from a general population study
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 0735-0414. ; 32:3, s. 267-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to assess risk factors during childhood and youth for alcohol dependence/abuse (ADA) in a population-based study of Swedish women. A total of 316 women were interviewed after stratified random sampling in the general population and a screening questionnaire. The interviews focused on social, psychological and behaviour characteristics as well as on early substance use patterns. Alcohol diagnoses were made according to DSM-III-R and CIDI-SAM. Experiences of sexual abuse before the age of 13 years, a history of psychological or psychiatric problems, early deviant behaviour and an episode of alcohol intoxication before the age of 15 years were significantly associated with ADA in a logistic model. General indicators of low social class were not associated with increased risk of ADA in a multivariate analysis. Sexual abuse in childhood was the strongest predictor of ADA. This association has potential public health importance, and should be addressed in future studies on women and alcohol. PMID: 9199727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 219. |
|
|
| 220. |
|
|
