| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Chaix, Basile, et al.
(författare)
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An Interactive Mapping Tool to Assess Individual Mobility Patterns in Neighborhood Studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-3797. ; 43:4, s. 440-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As their most critical limitation, neighborhood and health studies published to date have not taken into account nonresidential activity places where individuals travel in their daily lives. However, identifying low-mobility populations residing in low-resource environments, assessing cumulative environmental exposures over multiple activity places, and identifying specific activity locations for targeting interventions are important for health promotion. Daily mobility has not been given due consideration in part because of a lack of tools to collect locational information on activity spaces. Thus, the first aim of the current article is to describe VERITAS (Visualization and Evaluation of Route Itineraries, Travel Destinations, and Activity Spaces), an interactive web mapping application that can geolocate individuals' activity places, routes between locations, and relevant areas such as experienced or perceived neighborhoods. The second aim is to formalize the theoretic grounds of a contextual expology as a subdiscipline to better assess the spatiotemporal configuration of environmental exposures. Based on activity place data, various indicators of individual patterns of movement in space (spatial behavior) are described. Successive steps are outlined for elaborating variables of multiplace environmental exposure (collection of raw locational information, selection/exclusion of locational data, defining an exposure area for measurement, and calculation). Travel and activity place network areas are discussed as a relevant construct for environmental exposure assessment. Finally, a note of caution is provided that these measures require careful handling to avoid increasing the magnitude of confounding (selective daily mobility bias). (Am J Prev Med 2012; 43(4): 440-450) (c) 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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| 23. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Effects of Aerobic Fitness, Strength, and Obesity on Mortality in Men
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-3797. ; 52:3, s. 353-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity have been associated with premature mortality, but their interactive effects are unknown. This study examined interactions among these common, modifiable factors, to help inform more-effective preventive interventions. Methods: This national cohort study included all 1,547,478 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969-1997 (97%-98% of all men aged 18 years each year). Aerobic fitness, muscular strength, and BMI measurements were examined in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality through 2012 (maximum age, 62 years). Data were collected/analyzed in 2015-2016. Results: Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were independently associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The combination of low aerobic fitness and muscular strength (lowest versus highest tertiles) was associated with twofold all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=2.01; 95% CI=1.93, 2.08;. p<0.001; mortality rates per 100,000 person years, 247.2 vs 73.8), and 2.6-fold cardiovascular mortality (2.63; 95% CI=2.38, 2.91;. p<0.001; 43.9 vs 8.3). These factors also had positive additive and multiplicative interactions in relation to all-cause mortality (their combined effect exceeded the sum or product of their separate effects;. p<0.001), and were associated with higher mortality even among men with normal BMI. Conclusions: Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were associated with increased mortality in adulthood, with interactive effects between aerobic fitness and muscular strength. Preventive interventions should begin early in life and include both aerobic fitness and muscular strength, even among those with normal BMI.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hartig, Terry, 1959-
(författare)
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Where best to take a booster break?
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - New York, NY : Oxford University Press. - 0749-3797. ; 31, s. 350-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Shrestha, S., et al.
(författare)
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Risk Assessment in Artisanal Fisheries in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-3797. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Artisanal fisheries generally do not have injury prevention plans and safety or quality management systems on board, thus making them prone to more fatal and nonfatal injuries. The objective of the study is to systematically review and synthesize the literature to identify the risks of injuries (fatal and nonfatal) and health problems in artisanal fisheries in developing countries. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out from December 2019 to March 2020. Articles were included with at least 1 outcome of interest (fatal injuries, nonfatal injuries, health problems, causal factors). In all, 18 articles on occupational safety and health aspects in artisanal fisheries from developing countries were kept for final analysis. Results: Of the 4 studies on fatal injuries, only 1 reported fatal incidence rates (14 per 1,000 person-years). Vessel disasters were the most common cause of fatal injuries, with 14.3%–81% drownings. The prevalence of nonfatal injuries was between 55% and 61%. The most common causes were falls on the deck or into the sea/river, blows from objects/tools, punctures and cuts by fishhooks/fish rays and fishing equipment, and animal attacks or bites. Health problems included eye, ear, cardiovascular (hypertension), respiratory (decompression sickness), dermatological, and musculoskeletal problems. Discussion: There is a serious gap of health and safety information in artisanal fishery, which is more extensive in developing countries. Epidemiological studies are needed with comparable incidence and prevalence rates. For adequate prevention and compliance with the UN sustainable goals, there is an urgent need to establish a health information system in the countries to register the relevant demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of the population. © 2021 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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| 28. |
- Siddiqui, Faiza, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity in a Randomized Culturally Adapted Lifestyle Intervention
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-3797. ; 55:2, s. 187-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Middle Eastern immigrants exhibit high levels of physical inactivity and are at an increased risk for Type 2 diabetes. The primary aim of this study was to examine the changes in objectively assessed physical activity levels following a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention program. The secondary aim was to examine the association between objectively assessed physical activity and insulin sensitivity. Participants: Iraqi immigrants residing in Malmo, Sweden, exhibiting one or more risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. Intervention: The intervention group (n=50) was offered a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention comprising seven group sessions including a cooking class. The control group (n=46) received usual care. Main outcome measures: Raw accelerometry data were processed by validated procedures and daily mean physical activity intensity, vector magnitude high-pass filtered (VM-HPF), was inferred. Further inferences into the number of hours/day spent in sedentary (VM-HPF <48 milli-Gs [mGs] where G=9.8 m/sec(2)) and light- (48- <163 mGs); moderate- (163- <420 mGs); and vigorous-intensity (>= 420 mGs) activities were also calculated (year of analysis was 2016-2017). Results: No difference was observed between the two groups in terms of change over time in VM-HPF. There was a significant increase in the number of hours/day spent in light intensity physical activity in the intervention group compared with the control group (beta=0.023, 95% CI=0.001, 0.045, p=0.037). The intervention group also increased the time spent in sedentary activities, with the highest VM-HPF (36- < 48 mGs) within the sedentary behavior (B=0.022, 95% CI=0.002, 0.042, p=0.03). Higher VM-HPF was significantly associated with a higher insulin sensitivity index (beta=0.014, 95% CI=0.0004, 0.025, p=0.007). Conclusions: The findings favor the culturally adapted intervention approach for addressing low physical activity levels among Middle Eastern immigrants. Replacing sedentary time with light-intensity activities could be an achievable goal and will have potential beneficial effects for diabetes prevention among this sedentary group of immigrants. Trial registration: This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01420198. Am J Prev Med 2018;55(2):187-196. (C) 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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