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Sökning: L773:0957 5243 OR L773:1573 7225

  • Resultat 21-30 av 274
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21.
  • Bonn, Stephanie E., et al. (författare)
  • Body mass index and weight change in men with prostate cancer : progression and mortality
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 25:8, s. 933-943
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the exposure BMI at the time of a prostate cancer diagnosis and weight change after diagnosis, and the outcomes of prostate cancer progression and mortality in a large cohort study. Data from 4,376 men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer between 1997 and 2002 were analyzed. BMI and weight change were self-reported in 2007. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in complete-case analysis (n = 3,214) using Cox proportional hazards models. Progression was experienced among 639 (14.6 %) of the study participants, and in total, 450 (10.3 %) deaths of any cause and 134 (3.1 %) prostate cancer-specific deaths were recorded during follow-up. Obese men had a 47 % increased rate of overall mortality compared to normal weight men (HR 1.47, 95 % CI 1.03-2.10). No statistically significant associations were found for BMI and prostate cancer progression or prostate cancer-specific mortality. A weight loss > 5 % after diagnosis almost doubled the rate of overall mortality compared to maintaining a stable weight (HR 1.94, 95 % CI 1.41-2.66), while a weight gain > 5 % was associated with an almost doubled increased rate of prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.18-3.16). Being obese was associated with an increased rate of overall mortality, and gaining weight after a prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with an increased rate of prostate cancer-specific mortality.
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22.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • Serum triglycerides and cancer risk in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 22:2, s. 291-299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To assess the association between serum triglyceride levels and cancer risk. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden; the current study included data on 257,585 men and 256,512 women. The mean age at study entry was 43.8 years for men and 44.2 years for women. The mean follow-up time was 13.4 years (SD = 8.5) for men and 11.9 years (SD = 7.2) for women. Excluding the first year of follow-up, 23,060 men and 15,686 women were diagnosed with cancer. Cox regression models were used to calculate relative risk (RR) of cancer for triglyceride levels in quintiles and as a continuous variable. RRs were corrected for random error by use of regression dilution ratio. Relative risk for top quintile versus bottom quintile of triglycerides of overall cancer was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.26) in men and 1.15 (1.05-1.27) in women. For specific cancers, significant increases for top quintile versus bottom quintile of triglycerides among men were found for cancers of the colon, respiratory tract, the kidney, melanoma and thyroid and among women, for respiratory, cervical, and non-melanoma skin cancers. Data from our study provided evidence for a possible role of serum triglycerides in cancer development.
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23.
  • Bosette, C, et al. (författare)
  • A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VII. Cruciferous and other vegetables (International)
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 13:8, s. 765-775
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate the association between cruciferous and other vegetables and thyroid cancer risk we systematically reanalyzed the original data from 11 case-control studies conducted in the US, Asia, and Europe. Methods: A total of 2241 cases (1784 women, 457 men) and 3716 controls (2744 women, 972 men) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each study by logistic regression models, conditioned on age and sex, and adjusted for history of goiter, thyroid nodules or adenomas, and radiation. Summary ORs for all studies combined were computed as the weighted average of the estimates from each study. Results: A decreased risk for the highest level of cruciferous vegetable intake, as compared to the lowest, was observed in Los Angeles, Hawaii, Connecticut, southeastern Sweden, Troms°, and Switzerland, the OR were above unity in Japan and Uppsala, whereas no material association was found in northern Sweden, Italy, or Greece. The OR values for all studies combined were 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-1.01) for moderate and 0.94 (95% CI 0.80-1.10) for high cruciferous vegetables intake. The results were similar in studies from iodine-rich areas and endemic goiter areas, and were consistent when the analysis was restricted to papillary carcinomas and women. The summary OR values for vegetables other than cruciferous were 1.04 (0.88-1.22) for moderate and 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for high consumption. Conclusions: This combined analysis indicates that cruciferous vegetables are not positively related to thyroid cancer risk. Their effect does not seem to be substantially different from that of other vegetables, which appear to be protective on this cancer.
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24.
  • Bosetti, C, et al. (författare)
  • A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VI. Fish and shellfish consumption
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 12:4, s. 375-382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To better understand the role of fish and shellfish on thyroid cancer risk, we systematically re-analyzed the original data from 13 case-control studies conducted in the US, Japan, China, and Europe. Methods: A total of 2497 cases (2023 women, 474 men) and 4337 controls (3268 women, 1069 men) were considered. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for each study by logistic regression models, conditioned on age and sex, and adjusted for history of goiter, thyroid nodules or adenomas, and radiation. Combined ORs were computed as the weighted average of the estimates from each study. Results: The ORs for the highest level of total fish consumption (three or more times per week) as compared to the lowest one (less than once per week) was above unity in Hawaii, Connecticut, Japan, Norway, Troms°, and Vaud. Conversely, the ORs for the studies in Los Angeles, Shanghai, southeastern Sweden, Uppsala, northern Sweden, northern Italy, and Athens were below one. The pattern of risk for salt water fish and shellfish was not substantially different from that of total fish. Fish was not associated with thyroid cancer risk in all studies combined (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.85-1.2 for moderate, and OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.71-1.1 for high total fish consumption), but there was a suggestion of a protective effect in endemic goiter areas (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.88). Conclusion: This combined analysis indicates that relatively elevated fish consumption does not appreciably increase thyroid cancer risk, and may have a favorable influence in areas where iodine deficiency is, or was, common.
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27.
  • Brändstedt, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Vitamin D, PTH, and calcium and the risk of prostate cancer: a prospective nested case-control study.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 23:8, s. 1377-1385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk of prostate cancer in relation to pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D (25OHD(2) and 25OHD(3)), PTH, and calcium. METHODS: Nine hundred forty-three incident prostate cancer cases were identified in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort, and each was matched with one control using incidence density matching with age as the underlying timescale. We also matched for calendar time and age at inclusion. Logistic regression analysis yielded odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals for different quartiles and deciles. All analyses were repeated stratified for age and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: We found a weak trend toward increasing prostate cancer risk with rising vitamin D levels (p-trend across quartiles, 0.048). Dividing the cohort into deciles showed a nonlinear association. Compared to decile one, the prostate cancer risk was highest in deciles seven and eight, which corresponded to vitamin D levels of 91-97 nmol/L (1.68; 1.06-2.68), and 98-106 nmol/L (1.80; 1.13-2.85). In the other deciles, there was no association between prostate cancer risk and vitamin D levels. Albumin-adjusted calcium was positively associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer among men aged 55-65 with a BMI <25 (2.07; 1.08-3.97). No association was observed between pre-diagnostic PTH and subsequent prostate cancer incidence, and the stratified analyses revealed no other convincing relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a possible weak positive nonlinear association between vitamin D and the risk of prostate cancer.
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28.
  • Brändstedt, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Vitamin D, PTH, and calcium and tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer: a prospective nested case-control study.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 27:1, s. 69-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D (25OHD) constitute a risk factor for more aggressive prostate cancer. We examined the relationship between pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium and risk of prostate cancer according to tumor aggressiveness.
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29.
  • Brändstedt, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Vitamin D, PTH, and calcium in relation to survival following prostate cancer
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 27:5, s. 669-677
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D constitute a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the results are conflicting, perhaps because prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease. More recent studies have focused on cancer progression and mortality. Vitamin D is closely related to both calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and all three factors have been implicated in prostate cancer.METHODS: We examined the associations between pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, and calcium and mortality among 943 participants within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The mean time from diagnosis until the end of followup was 9.1 years (SD 4.5), and the mean time from inclusion until end of follow-up was 16.6 years (SD 4.9). The analytes were divided into quartiles, and the risk of death from prostate cancer was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analysis, yielding hazards ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals. The models were adjusted for season and year of inclusion, age at baseline, age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), and tumor characteristics (TNM and Gleason score).RESULTS: We observed a trend toward a lower prostate-specific mortality with 25OHD >85 nmol/L in the unadjusted analysis. This became statistically significantly in the third quartile of 25OHD (85-102 nmol/L) compared to the first (<68 nmol/L), HR 0.54 (0.34-0.85) when adjusting for age, time of inclusion, and BMI. The association was further strengthened when adjusted for age at diagnosis, Gleason score, and TNM classification with a HR in Q3 0.36 (0.22-0.60). p for trend was 0.03. Regarding calcium, there was a significantly lower HR for the second quartile (2.35-2.39 mmol/L) compared to the first (≤2.34 mmol/L) with a HR of 0.54 (0.32-0.86) in the unadjusted analysis. However, this association disappeared when adjusting for tumor characteristics. There were no associations between levels of PTH and prostate cancer mortality.CONCLUSION: This study shows that levels of pre-diagnostic vitamin D above 85 nmol/L may improve survival in men with prostate cancer.
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30.
  • Buchner, F. L., et al. (författare)
  • Fruits and vegetables consumption and the risk of histological subtypes of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 21:3, s. 357-371
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of different histological subtypes of lung cancer among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the data. A calibration study in a subsample was used to reduce dietary measurement errors. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,830 incident cases of lung cancer (574 adenocarcinoma, 286 small cell, 137 large cell, 363 squamous cell, 470 other histologies) were identified. In line with our previous conclusions, we found that after calibration a 100 g/day increase in fruit and vegetables consumption was associated with a reduced lung cancer risk (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99). This was also seen among current smokers (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.97). Risks of squamous cell carcinomas in current smokers were reduced for an increase of 100 g/day of fruit and vegetables combined (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76-0.94), while no clear effects were seen for the other histological subtypes. Conclusion We observed inverse associations between the consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of lung cancer without a clear effect on specific histological subtypes of lung cancer. In current smokers, consumption of vegetables and fruits may reduce lung cancer risk, in particular the risk of squamous cell carcinomas.
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