| 361. |
- Wang, Xiangjun, et al.
(författare)
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Single and bilayer submicron arrays of fluorescent polymer on conducting polymer surface with surface energy controlled dewetting
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 16, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction of luminescent single- and bilayer polymer arrays in micron and submicron scales through dewetting on a heterogeneous conducting polymer surface is demonstrated. We study the influence of the pattern geometry and film thickness of polymer dewetting upon annealing, and the morphology of created polymer arrays on the heterogeneous surface. The materials used for patterning are an insulating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or a conjugated fluorescent polymer, poly(dioctylphenylthiophene) (PDOPT). The substrate used is the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS), with modified heterogeneous surface energy obtained by application of a bare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp.
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| 362. |
- Welch, Ken, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling measurements of low-conductance single molecules using gold nanoelectrodes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 22:12, s. 125707-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high resistance nanogap platform was used to trap and electrically characterize 30 nm thiolated double-stranded DNA molecules. High resolution scanning electron microscopy was also used to image the trapped DNA strands. It was found that the surface state of the electrodes and underlying substrate could influence the measurements of trapped molecules when the measured resistances were on the order of TΩ or greater. Hydrophilic surfaces gave rise to larger leakage currents that could potentially mask the underlying signals from molecules positioned in the nanogap. Finally, the careful handling of the samples and control of the environment is essential to avoid surface charging of the oxide substrate layer as these parasitic charges affect electrical measurements of the nanogap. The presented results thus outline some important considerations when making low-conductance measurements on molecules and should prove useful for the characterization of molecules in molecular electronics or sensors employing nanogap platforms.
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| 363. |
- Wen, Chenyu, et al.
(författare)
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On nanopore DNA sequencing by signal and noise analysis of ionic current
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA sequencing, i.e., the process of determining the succession of nucleotides on a DNA strand, has become a standard aid in biomedical research and is expected to revolutionize medicine. With the capability of handling single DNA molecules, nanopore technology holds high promises to become speedier in sequencing at lower cost than what are achievable with the commercially available optics-or semiconductor-based massively parallelized technologies. Despite tremendous progress made with biological and solid-state nanopores, high error rates and large uncertainties persist with the sequencing results. Here, we employ a nano-disk model to quantitatively analyze the sequencing process by examining the variations of ionic current when a DNA strand translocates a nanopore. Our focus is placed on signal-boosting and noise-suppressing strategies in order to attain the single-nucleotide resolution. Apart from decreasing pore diameter and thickness, it is crucial to also reduce the translocation speed and facilitate a stepwise translocation. Our best-case scenario analysis points to severe challenges with employing plain nanopore technology, i.e., without recourse to any signal amplification strategy, in achieving sequencing with the desired single-nucleotide resolution. A conceptual approach based on strand synthesis in the nanopore of the translocating DNA from single-stranded to double-stranded is shown to yield a 10-fold signal amplification. Although it involves no advanced physics and is very simple in mathematics, this simple model captures the essence of nanopore sequencing and is useful in guiding the design and operation of nanopore sequencing.
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| 364. |
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| 365. |
- Willander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices : recent progress in growth, light emitting diodes and lasers
- 2009
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Ingår i: NANOTECHNOLOGY. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 20:33, s. 332001-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide (ZnO), with its excellent luminescent properties and the ease of growth of its nanostructures, holds promise for the development of photonic devices. The recent advances in growth of ZnO nanorods are discussed. Results from both low temperature and high temperature growth approaches are presented. The techniques which are presented include metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), vapour phase epitaxy (VPE), pulse laser deposition (PLD), vapour-liquid-solid (VLS), aqueous chemical growth (ACG) and finally the electrodeposition technique as an example of a selective growth approach. Results from structural as well as optical properties of a variety of ZnO nanorods are shown and analysed using different techniques, including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL), for both room temperature and for low temperature performance. These results indicate that the grown ZnO nanorods possess reproducible and interesting optical properties. Results on obtaining p-type doping in ZnO micro- and nanorods are also demonstrated using PLD. Three independent indications were found for p-type conducting, phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods: first, acceptor-related CL peaks, second, opposite transfer characteristics of back-gate field effect transistors using undoped and phosphorus doped wire channels, and finally, rectifying I-V characteristics of ZnO: P nanowire/ZnO:Ga p-n junctions. Then light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on n-ZnO nanorods combined with different technologies (hybrid technologies) are suggested and the recent electrical, as well as electro-optical, characteristics of these LEDs are shown and discussed. The hybrid LEDs reviewed and discussed here are mainly presented for two groups: those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type crystalline substrates, and those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type amorphous substrates. Promising electroluminescence characteristics aimed at the development of white LEDs are demonstrated. Although some of the presented LEDs show visible emission for applied biases in excess of 10 V, optimized structures are expected to provide the same emission at much lower voltage. Finally, lasing from ZnO nanorods is briefly reviewed. An example of a recent whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing from ZnO is demonstrated as a way to enhance the stimulated emission from small size structures.
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| 366. |
- Xia, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and release of trace elements from hollow and porous hydroxyapatite spheres
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 22:30, s. 305610-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that organic species regulate fabrication of hierarchical biological forms via solution methods. However, in this study, we observed that the presence of inorganic ions plays an important role in the formation and regulation of biological spherical hydroxyapatite formation. We present a mineralization method to prepare ion-doped hydroxyapatite spheres with a hierarchical structure that is free of organic surfactants and biological additives. Porous and hollow strontium-doped hydroxyapatite spheres were synthesized via controlling the concentration of strontium ions in a calcium and phosphate buffer solution. Similarly, fluoride and silicon-doped hydroxyapatite spheres were synthesized. While spherical particle formation was attainable at low and high temperature for Sr-doped hydroxyapatite, it was only possible at high temperature in the F/Si-doped system. The presence of inorganic ions not only plays an important role in the formation and regulation of biological spherical hydroxyapatite, but also could introduce pharmaceutical effects as a result of trace element release. Such ion release results showed a sustained release with pH responsive behavior, and significantly influenced the hydroxyapatite re-precipitation. These ion-doped hydroxyapatite spheres with hollow and porous structure could have promising applications as bone/tooth materials, drug delivery systems, and chromatography supports.
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| 367. |
- Yamada, T. K., et al.
(författare)
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Spin configuration in a frustrated ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic thin-film system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 18:23, s. 235702-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the magnetic configuration in ultrathin antiferromagnetic Mn films grown around monoatomic steps on an Fe( 001) surface by spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy and ab initio-parameterized self-consistent real-space tight-binding calculations in which the spin quantization axis is independent for each site, thus allowing noncollinear magnetism. Mn grown on Fe( 001) presents a layered antiferromagnetic structure. In the regions where the Mn films overgrows Fe steps the magnetization of the surface layer is reversed across the steps. Around these defects a frustration of the antiferromagnetic order occurs. Due to the weakened magnetic coupling at the central Mn layers, the amount of frustration is smaller than in Cr, and the width of the wall induced by the step does not change with the thickness, at least for coverages up to seven monolayers.
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| 368. |
- Yazdi, Gholamreza, et al.
(författare)
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Aligned AlN nanowires by self-organized vapor-solid growth
- 2009
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Ingår i: NANOTECHNOLOGY. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 20:49, s. 495304-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly oriented AlN single crystal nanowires with aspect ratio up to 600, diameter in the range of 40-500 nm, and 100 mu m lengths, have been synthesized via a vapor-solid growth mechanism. The results were obtained at 1750 degrees C and 850 mbar nitrogen pressure on vicinal SiC substrates pretreated by SiC sublimation epitaxy in order to attain distinguishable terraces. It was found that the nanowires change in thickness after they have reached a critical length, and this fact contributes to an understanding of the growth mechanism of AlN nanowires. The nanowires are hexagonally shaped and perfectly aligned along the [0001] direction with a small tilt given by the substrate vicinality. Under nitrogen excess a preferential growth along the c-axis of the wurtzite structure takes place while below some critical value of nitrogen pressure the growth mode switches to lateral. The AlN nanowires are shown to have a dislocation free wurtzite crystal structure. Some possible applications are discussed.
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| 369. |
- Yin, Binglun, et al.
(författare)
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A phase-field study of the scaling law in free-standing ferroelectric thin films
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 26:50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scaling law for ferroelectric stripe domains is investigated in free-standing BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 thin films via phase-field simulations. The results agree with the Kittel law, where the square of the domain width is found to be proportional to the thin film thickness. After being rescaled by the corresponding domain wall thickness, the generalized scaling law is also demonstrated, with the dimensionless scaling constant M estimated to be similar to 3.3 in two ferroelectric materials. Moreover, we predict the effect of the exchange constant which is incorporated in Ginzburg-Landau theory on the equilibrium domain width and the critical thickness of the ferroelectric thin films.
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| 370. |
- Zhan, Qiuqiang, et al.
(författare)
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A study of mesoporous silica-encapsulated gold nanorods as enhanced light scattering probes for cancer cell imaging
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 21:5, s. 055704-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesoporous encapsulation of gold nanorods (GNRs) in a silica shell of controllable thickness (4.5-25.5 nm) was realized through a single-step coating method without any intermediary coating. The dependence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction spectra of the coated GNRs on the thickness of the silica shell was investigated with both simulation and experiments, which agreed well with each other. It was found that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules, which act as surfactants for the GNRs and dissociate in the solution, greatly affect the silica coating. Mesoporous silica-encapsulated GNRs were also shown to be highly biocompatible and stable in bio-environments. Based on LSPR enhanced scattering, mesoporous silica-encapsulated GNRs were utilized for dark field scattering imaging of cancer cells. Biomolecule-conjugated mesoporous silica-encapsulated GNRs were specifically taken up by cancer cells in vitro, justifying their use as effective optical probes for early cancer diagnosis. Mesoporous silica can also be modified with functional groups and conjugated with certain biomolecules for specific labeling on mammalian cells as well as carrying drugs or biomolecules into biological cells.
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