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Sökning: L773:1382 5585 OR L773:1744 4128

  • Resultat 21-30 av 39
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  • Nilsson, Lars-Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Betula : a prospective cohort study on memory, health and aging
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. - Hove : Psychology Press. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 11:2-3, s. 134-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article describes the Betula Study with respect to objectives, design, participants, and assessment instruments for health and cognition. Three waves of data collection have been completed in 5-year intervals since 1988-1990. A fourth wave started in 2003 and will be completed in 2005. An overview of Betula research is presented under the headings of memory and cognition and cognitive neuroscience. Health-related issues and sex differences as well as comparisons between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are discussed in the first section. The influence of different genes and of some brain abnormalities for memory functioning in adulthood and old age constitute main topics in the second section. New data are presented on the association between blood pressure and dementia. We demonstrated that a demented group of participants had higher levels of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure than non-dementia controls 10 years before diagnosis. The new fourth wave of data collection will, in addition to enriching the Betula database, permit revisiting and reanalyzing the existing data from new perspectives.
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26.
  • Rosi, Alessia, et al. (författare)
  • Decision-making competence in younger and older adults : which cognitive abilities contribute to the application of decision rules?
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 26:2, s. 174-189
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Older adults perform worse than younger adults when applying decision rules to choose between options that vary along multiple attributes. Although previous studies have shown that general fluid cognitive abilities contribute to the accurate application of decision rules, relatively little is known about which specific cognitive abilities play the most important role. We examined the independent roles of working memory, verbal fluency, semantic knowledge, and components of executive functioning. We found that age-related decline in applying decision rules was statistically mediated by age-related decline in working memory and verbal fluency. Our results have implications for theories of aging and decision-making.
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27.
  • Rudner, Mary, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Age on the Temporal Organization of Working Memory in Deaf Signers
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 17:3, s. 360-383
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deaf native signers have a general working memory (WM) capacity similar to that of hearing non-signers but are less sensitive to the temporal order of stored items at retrieval. General WM capacity declines with age, but little is known of how cognitive aging affects WM function in deaf signers. We investigated WM function in elderly deaf signers (EDS) and an age-matched comparison group of hearing non-signers (EHN) using a paradigm designed to highlight differences in temporal and spatial processing of item and order information. EDS performed worse than EHN on both item and order recognition using a temporal style of presentation. Reanalysis together with earlier data showed that with the temporal style of presentation, order recognition performance for EDS was also lower than for young adult deaf signers. Older participants responded more slowly than younger participants. These findings suggest that apart from age-related slowing irrespective of sensory and language status, there is an age-related difference specific to deaf signers in the ability to retain order information in WM when temporal processing demands are high. This may be due to neural reorganisation arising from sign language use. Concurrent spatial information with the Mixed style of presentation resulted in enhanced order processing for all groups, suggesting that concurrent temporal and spatial cues may enhance learning for both deaf and hearing groups. These findings support and extend the WM model for Ease of Language Understanding.
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  • Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Cross-Sectional versus Longitudinal Age Gradients of Tower of Hanoi Performance : The Role of Practice Effects and Cohort Differences in Education
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 15:1, s. 40-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We examined 5-year longitudinal changes in Tower of Hanoi (TOH) performance in a population-based sample of adults (35-85 years initially; n = 1480). An age-matched sample (n = 433) was included to estimate practice effects. The longitudinal age gradients differed substantially from the cross-sectional age gradients. This was the case even when practice effects, that were substantial in magnitude across the young/middle-aged groups, were controlled for. Instead of a continuous age-related deficit in performance from 35 and onwards, longitudinal data showed slowing of performance and increases of illegal moves past age 65. Cohort-related differences in educational attainment did not account for this discrepancy. Further analyses revealed a positive relation between practice-related gains and explicit memory of having performed the task at the first test occasion and a positive association between latent changes in TOH and Block Design, in line with cross-sectional findings. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a pattern of age-related changes indicating a late-onset decline of TOH performance and underscore the need to control for retest effects in longitudinal aging research.
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30.
  • Samrani, George, et al. (författare)
  • Proactive interference in working memory is related to adult age and cognitive factors : cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Betula study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. - : Routledge. - 1382-5585 .- 1744-4128. ; 28:1, s. 108-127
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In working memory (WM), successful maintenance of information is affected by interference. Older adults may be especially susceptible to the effects of interference, which may cause age-related cognitive impairments. A relative score of IC was derived from cross-sectional (n = 869) and longitudinal (n = 443) data to investigate (1) if IC is reduced in normal aging, (2) if individual differences in IC related to individual performance in other cognitive domains, and (3) if 5-year change in IC is related to change in general cognition. Older age was associated with reduced IC, but no decline in IC occurred over 5 years. Also, the ability to control interference in WM was related to performance in episodic memory, verbal fluency, and block design. We also found that IC mediates the relationship between age and cognition, suggesting that age-related cognitive decline is linked to IC. Finally, we demonstrate that change in IC was related to decline in episodic memory.
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