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- Joseph, Sarah B, et al.
(författare)
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HIV-1 RNA Detected in the CNS after Years of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Can Originate from a Replicating CNS Reservoir or Clonally Expanded Cells.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 69:8, s. 1345-1352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIV-1 populations are detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Detailed analysis of these populations may reveal whether they are produced by central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs.We performed a study of 101 asymptomatic participants on stable ART. HIV-1 RNA concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in CSF and plasma. In participants with CSF HIV-1 RNA concentrations sufficiently high to permit analysis, viral populations were genetically and phenotypically characterized over multiple time points.For 6% of participants (6 of 101), the concentration of HIV-1 RNA in their CSF was ≥ 0.5 log copies/mL above that of plasma (i.e. CSF escape). We generated viral envelope sequences from CSF of three participants. One had a persistent CSF escape population that was macrophage-tropic, partially drug resistant, genetically diverse and closely related to a minor macrophage-tropic viral lineage present in the blood prior to viral suppression and enriched for after ART. Two participants (one suppressed and one not) had transient CSF escape populations that were R5 T cell-tropic with little genetic diversity.Extensive analysis of viral populations in one participant revealed that CSF escape was from a persistently replicating population, likely in macrophages/microglia, present in the CNS over 3 years of ART. CSF escape in two other participants was likely produced by trafficking and transient expansion of infected T cells in the CNS. Our results show that CNS reservoirs can persist during ART, but that CSF escape is not exclusively produced by a replicating CNS reservoir.
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- Lantos, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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Are People Living Near Modern Swine Production Facilities at Increased Risk of Influenza Virus Infection?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 63:12, s. 1558-1563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSwine can harbor influenza viruses that are pathogenic to humans. Previous studies support an increased risk of human influenza cases among individuals with swine contact. North Carolina has the second-largest swine industry in the United States.MethodsWe investigated the spatiotemporal association between influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) and licensed swine operations from 2008 to 2012 in North Carolina. We determined the week in which ILI cases peaked and statistically estimated their week of onset. This was performed for all 100 North Carolina counties for 4 consecutive influenza seasons. We used linear models to correlate the number of permitted swine operations per county with the weeks of onset and peak ILI activity.ResultsWe found that during the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 influenza seasons, both seasons in which the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus circulated, ILI peaked earlier in counties with a higher number of licensed swine operations. We did not observe this in 2008–2009 or 2011–2012, nor did we observe a relationship between ILI onset week and number of swine operations.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that concentrated swine feeding operations amplified transmission of influenza during years in which H1N1 was circulating. This has implications for vaccine strategies targeting swine workers, as well as virologic surveillance in areas with large concentrations of swine.
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| 37. |
- Lauhio, A, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to Lauhio et al
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 61:6, s. 1031-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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