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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bouras, Emmanouil, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide interaction analysis of folate for colorectal cancer risk
- 2023
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 118:5, s. 881-891
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that higher folate intake is associated with decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Genetic variation that may have a direct or indirect impact on folate metabolism can provide insights into folate's role in CRC.Objectives: Our aim was to perform a genome-wide interaction analysis to identify genetic variants that may modify the association of folate on CRC risk.Methods: We applied traditional case-control logistic regression, joint 3-degree of freedom, and a 2-step weighted hypothesis approach to test the interactions of common variants (allele frequency >1%) across the genome and dietary folate, folic acid supplement use, and total folate in relation to risk of CRC in 30,550 cases and 42,336 controls from 51 studies from 3 genetic consortia (CCFR, CORECT, GECCO).Results: Inverse associations of dietary, total folate, and folic acid supplement with CRC were found (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90, 0.96; and 0.91; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94 per quartile higher intake, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.88) for users compared with nonusers, respectively). Interactions (P-interaction < 5×10-8) of folic acid supplement and variants in the 3p25.2 locus (in the region of Synapsin II [SYN2]/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 [TIMP4]) were found using traditional interaction analysis, with variant rs150924902 (located upstream to SYN2) showing the strongest interaction. In stratified analyses by rs150924902 genotypes, folate supplementation was associated with decreased CRC risk among those carrying the TT genotype (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.86) but increased CRC risk among those carrying the TA genotype (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.29, 2.05), suggesting a qualitative interaction (P-interaction = 1.4×10-8). No interactions were observed for dietary and total folate.Conclusions: Variation in 3p25.2 locus may modify the association of folate supplement with CRC risk. Experimental studies and studies incorporating other relevant omics data are warranted to validate this finding.
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| 34. |
- Braem, Marieke G. M., et al.
(author)
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Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer : a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis
- 2012
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 95:5, s. 1172-1181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Objective: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC. Design: All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% Cl: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis. Conclusion: Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1172-81.
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| 35. |
- Bratteby, L E, et al.
(author)
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Total energy expenditure and physical activity as assessed by the doubly labeled water method in Swedish adolescents in whom energy intake was underestimated by 7-d diet records.
- 1998
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 67:5, s. 905-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Swedish children and adolescents may be adopting a sedentary lifestyle with low energy expenditures and intakes, but no quantitative data are available. The purpose of the present study in 50 adolescents aged 15 y was to investigate whether assessment of total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) by the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry and estimation of energy intake by a 7-d diet record would indicate physical inactivity. The boys' (n = 25) mean weight was 112% and the girls' (n = 25) was 109% of Swedish reference values from 1976; the mean height of both boys and girls was 102% of those reference values. Mean TEE in the boys and girls, 13.82 +/- 1.90 and 10.70 +/- 1.59 MJ/d, and mean PAL (TEE/basal metabolic rate), 1.89 +/- 0.16 and 1.79 +/- 0.22, respectively, were nonsignificantly higher than corresponding figures from other published studies. Mean energy intake as a percentage of TEE was 81.9 +/- 17.9% in the boys and 78.3 +/- 16.4% in the girls. Significant negative correlations were found both between energy intake as a percentage of TEE and percentage body fat and between energy intake as a percentage of TEE and body mass index. These results add to the evidence that 7-d diet records underestimate energy intake in adolescents, particularly those with a tendency for overweight and increased body fat. The results support indications of a trend of increasing body weight and height in Swedish adolescents, but conflict with the presumptions of low physical activity, low energy expenditure, and low energy intake. These results support the view that current recommendations for energy intake during adolescence are too low.
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| 36. |
- Brigelius-Flohé, R, et al.
(author)
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The European perspective on vitamin E : Current knowledge and future research
- 2002
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 76:4, s. 703-716
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vitamin E is indispensible for reproduction in female rats. In humans, vitamin E deficiency primarily causes neurologic dysfunctions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because of its antioxidative properties, vitamin E is believed to help prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic inflammation, and neurologic disorders. However, recent clinical trials undertaken to prove this hypothesis failed to verify a consistent benefit. Given these findings, a group of European scientists met to analyze the most recent knowledge of vitamin E function and metabolism. An overview of their discussions is presented in this article, which includes considerations of the mechanisms of absorption, distribution, and metabolism of different forms of vitamin E, including the a-tocopherol transfer protein and a-tocopherol-associated proteins, the mechanism of tocopherol side-chain degradation and its putative interaction with drug metabolism, the usefulness of tocopherol metabolites as biomarkers, and the novel mechanisms of the antiatherosclerotic and anticarcinogenic properties of vitamin E, which involve modulation of cellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and induction of apoptosis. Clinical trials were analyzed on the basis of the selection of subjects, the stage of disease, and the mode of intake, dosage, and chemical form of vitamin E. In addition, the scarce knowledge on the role of vitamin E in reproduction was summarized. In conclusion, the scientists agreed that the functions of vitamin E were underestimated if one considered only its antioxidative properties. Future research on this essential vitamin should focus on what makes it essential for humans, why the body apparently utilizes a-tocopherol preferentially, and what functions other forms of vitamin E have.
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| 37. |
- Brunkwall, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity in 2 Swedish cohorts
- 2016
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 104:3, s. 809-815
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which has increased substantially during the last decades, has been associated with obesity and weight gain.Objective: Common genetic susceptibility to obesity has been shown to modify the association between SSB intake and obesity risk in 3 prospective cohorts from the United States. We aimed to replicate these findings in 2 large Swedish cohorts.Design: Data were available for 21,824 healthy participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study and 4902 healthy participants from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk Study. Self-reported SSB intake was categorized into 4 levels (seldom, low, medium, and high). Unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were constructed based on 30 body mass index [(BMI) in kg/m2]-associated loci, and effect modification was assessed in linear regression equations by modeling the product and marginal effects of the GRS and SSB intake adjusted for age-, sex-, and cohort-specific covariates, with BMI as the outcome. In a secondary analysis, models were additionally adjusted for putative confounders (total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity).Results: In an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis, each SSB intake category increment was associated with a 0.18 higher BMI (SE = 0.02; P = 1.7 × 10−20; n = 26,726). In the fully adjusted model, a nominal significant interaction between SSB intake category and the unweighted GRS was observed (P-interaction = 0.03). Comparing the participants within the top and bottom quartiles of the GRS to each increment in SSB intake was associated with 0.24 (SE = 0.04; P = 2.9 × 10−8; n = 6766) and 0.15 (SE = 0.04; P = 1.3 × 10−4; n = 6835) higher BMIs, respectively.Conclusions: The interaction observed in the Swedish cohorts is similar in magnitude to the previous analysis in US cohorts and indicates that the relation of SSB intake and BMI is stronger in people genetically predisposed to obesity.
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| 38. |
- Buckland, Genevieve, et al.
(author)
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Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study
- 2010
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 91:2, s. 381-390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean dietary pattern is believed to protect against cancer, although evidence from cohort studies that have examined particular cancer sites is limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the association between adherence to a relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) and incident gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. DESIGN: The study included 485,044 subjects (144,577 men) aged 35-70 y from 10 European countries. At recruitment, dietary and lifestyle information was collected. An 18-unit rMED score, incorporating 9 key components of the Mediterranean diet, was used to estimate rMED adherence. The association between rMED and GC with respect to anatomic location (cardia and noncardia) and histologic types (diffuse and intestinal) was investigated. A calibration study in a subsample was used to control for dietary measurement error. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 8.9 y, 449 validated incident GC cases were identified and used in the analysis. After stratification by center and age and adjustment for recognized cancer risk factors, high compared with low rMED adherence was associated with a significant reduction in GC risk (hazard ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.94). A 1-unit increase in the rMED score was associated with a decreased risk of GC of 5% (95% CI: 0.91, 0.99). There was no evidence of heterogeneity between different anatomic locations or histologic types. The calibrated results showed similar trends (overall hazard ratio for GC: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to an rMED is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of incident GC.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Burgaz, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Associations of diet, supplement use, and ultraviolet B radiation exposure with vitamin D status in Swedish women during winter
- 2007
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 86:5, s. 1399-1404
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is produced endogenously after sun exposure but can also be obtained from natural food sources, food fortification, and dietary supplements. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of women (61-86 y old) living in central Sweden (latitude 60 degrees ) during winter and its relation with vitamin D intake and exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) of 116 women by using an enzyme immunoassay. The women completed questionnaires covering food habits, use of dietary supplements, and sun-related behavior. RESULTS: In a multiple linear regression model, the main determinants of serum 25(OH)D concentrations (x +/- SD: 69 +/- 23 mmol/L) were dietary vitamin D (6.0 +/- 1.8 mug/d), travel to a sunny location during winter within the previous 6 mo (26%), and the use of dietary supplements (16%). There was no association between serum 25(OH)D status during the winter and age, time spent outdoors, the use of sunscreen, or skin type. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased by 25.5 nmol/L with 2-3 servings (130 g/wk) fatty fish/wk, by 6.2 nmol/L with the daily intake of 300 g vitamin D-fortified reduced-fat dairy products, by 11.0 nmol/L with regular use of vitamin D supplements, and by 14.5 nmol/L with a sun vacation during winter. Among nonsupplement users without a wintertime sun vacation, 2-3 servings fatty fish/wk increased serum vitamin D concentrations by 45%. CONCLUSION: Fatty fish, vitamin D-fortified reduced-fat dairy products, regular supplement use, and taking a sun vacation are important predictors for serum concentrations of 25(OH)D during winter at a latitude of 60 degrees .
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