| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bendt, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Adults with spina bifida : A cross-sectional study of health issues and living conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe health issues and living conditions in a cohort of adults living with Spina bifida.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by a multidisciplinary team. Adults with spina bifida (n = 219) were invited to participate. One-hundred-and-ninety-six persons (104 women and 92 men; 18-73 years, median age 33 years) were included. Structured interviews, questionnaires, and clinical assessments for medical, social, physical, and cognitive functions were used.RESULTS: There was large variation among participants as regards the consequences of their spina bifida. Individuals < 46 years seemed to have more secondary conditions such as hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, tethered cord symptoms, and latex allergy. A higher proportion of the individuals >46 years and older was able to walk, and they had performed better in primary school and on tests of psychomotor speed and executive function.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that adults with spina bifida have a complex set of physical, cognitive, and social needs that need to be addressed in order to improve their health issues and living conditions. The high prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence, pain, and overweight underline that these issues need much attention during follow-up. The future generations of older adults may need more attention in many ways, since they at a younger age do have more complex medical conditions, lower physical and cognitive functions, and lower prerequisites for independent living and participation in society than those > 46 years today. This elucidates that adults with spina bifida need systematic follow-up services and social support throughout life.
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| 14. |
- Bohman, Hannes, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Preclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with psychotic or bipolar disorders investigated with carotid high-frequency ultrasound.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Early-onset psychosis (EOP) and bipolar disorder (EOBP) (at <18 years of age), are associated with an increased future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death. Yet it is unknown whether the arteries show visible signs of atherosclerosis in EOP and EOBP. This study investigated whether having EOP or EOBP was associated with detectable signs of preclinical atherosclerosis.METHOD: By using 22 MHz high-frequency ultrasound, different layers of the arterial wall of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) were assessed in 77 individuals with EOP (n = 25), EOBP (n = 22), and in age-matched healthy controls (n = 30). Conventional CVD confounders were included in the analyses.RESULTS: Adolescents with EOP and EOBP, compared to controls, had a significantly thicker LCCA intima thickness (0.132 vs. 0.095 mm, p < .001) and intima/media ratio (0.24 vs. 0.17 p < .001). There was a nonsignificant intima difference between EOP and EOBP. Conventional CVD risk factors did not explain the association between EOP/EOBP and intima thickness. In the group of EOP/EOBP, there was a significant correlation between the dose of current antipsychotic medication and intima thickness; however, the correlation was attenuated to a nonsignificant level when adjusted for global function.CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with EOP or EOBP had an increased LCCA intima thickness, interpreted as a sign of preclinical atherosclerosis. Global function of the disorders was the strongest determinant of intima thickness. The findings, if replicated, might have implications for long-term treatment of EOP and EOBP in order to reduce a future risk of CVD.
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| 16. |
- Cedergren Weber, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Tumoral parkinsonism—Parkinsonism secondary to brain tumors, paraneoplastic syndromes, intracranial malformations, or oncological intervention, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - 2162-3279. ; 13:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Secondary tumoral parkinsonism is a rare phenomenon that develops as a direct or indirect result of brain neoplasms or related conditions. Objectives: The first objective was to explore to what extent brain neoplasms, cavernomas, cysts, paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), and oncological treatment methods cause parkinsonism. The second objective was to investigate the effect of dopaminergic therapy on the symptomatology in patients with tumoral parkinsonism. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed and Embase. Search terms like “secondary parkinsonism,” “astrocytoma,” and “cranial irradiation” were used. Articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results: Out of 316 identified articles from the defined database search strategies, 56 were included in the detailed review. The studies, which were mostly case reports, provided research concerning tumoral parkinsonism and related conditions. It was found that various types of primary brain tumors, such as astrocytoma and meningioma, and more seldom brain metastases, can cause tumoral parkinsonism. Parkinsonism secondary to PNSs, cavernomas, cysts, as well as oncological treatments was reported. Twenty-five of the 56 included studies had tried initiating dopaminergic therapy, and of these 44% reported no, 48% low to moderate, and 8% excellent effect on motor symptomatology. Conclusion: Brain neoplasms, PNSs, certain intracranial malformations, and oncological treatments can cause parkinsonism. Dopaminergic therapy has relatively benign side effects and may relieve motor and nonmotor symptomatology in patients with tumoral parkinsonism. Dopaminergic therapy, particularly levodopa, should therefore be considered in patients with tumoral parkinsonism.
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| 19. |
- Danielsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Increased prevalence of celiac disease in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : WILEY. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are often associated with other immune-mediated diseases or malignancy. Some studies have reported a high frequency of celiac disease in IIM. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease, systemic inflammatory diseases, and malignancy in a cohort of IIM patients, and estimate the incidence of IIM in the county of ostergotland, Sweden. Material and MethodsWe reviewed medical records and analyzed sera from 106 patients, fulfilling pathological criteria of inflammatory myopathy, for the presence of IgA antibodies against endomysium and gliadin. Antibody-positive patients were offered further investigation with small bowel biopsy or investigation for the presence of antibodies against antitissue transglutaminase (t-TG). The patients were classified according to Bohan and Peter or Griggs criteria. The presence of celiac disease, systemic inflammatory, and malignant diseases was documented. ResultsFour of 88 patients classified as IIM (4.5%) had biopsy-confirmed celiac disease, which is higher than the prevalence in the general population, detected with a similar screening procedure (0.53%). Thirty-three patients (38%) had a systemic inflammatory disease and five (5.7%) a malignancy. The incidence of confirmed IIM in the county of ostergotland was 7.3 per million/year. ConclusionsThe results highlight the high frequency of associated inflammatory and malignant diseases and confirm an increased prevalence of celiac disease in IIM.
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| 20. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of food intake on 92 neurological biomarkers in plasma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : Wiley. - 2162-3279. ; 7:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study evaluates the effect of food intake on 92 neurological biomarkers in plasma. Moreover, it investigated if any of the biomarkers were correlated with body mass index. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects (11 male and 11 female aged 25.9 ± 4.2 years) were investigated. A total of 92 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal as well as 30 and 120 min afterward with the Proseek Multiplex Neurology I kit. Results: The levels for 13 biomarkers decreased significantly (p < .001) 30 min after food intake. The levels for four biomarkers remained significantly decreased (p < .001) 120 min after food intake. One biomarker increased significantly (p < .001) 30 min after food intake. The changes were between 1% and 12%, with an average difference of about 5%. Only one biomarker showed a difference over 10% due to food intake. The biggest difference was observed for Plexin-B3 120 min after food intake (12%). Of all the 92 neurological biomarkers, only one was correlated with BMI, Kynureninase r = .46, p < .05. Conclusions: This study shows that food intake has a very modest effect on 92 different neurological biomarkers. Timing of blood sampling in relation to food intake, therefore, appears not to be a major concern. Only Kynureninase was correlated with BMI. Further studies are warranted in older healthy subjects and in patients with various neurological diseases to determine whether the findings are reproducible in such populations.
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