| 12501. |
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| 12502. |
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| 12503. |
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| 12504. |
- Stattin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased hip, lower leg and humeral fractures but increased forearm fractures in highly active individuals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 33:10, s. 1842-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not known how physical exercise affects the risk of different types of fractures, especially in highly active individuals. To investigate this association, we studied a cohort of 118,204 men and 71,757 women who from 1991 to 2009 participated in Vasaloppet, a long-distance cross-country skiing race in Sweden, and 505,194 nonparticipants frequency-matched on sex, age, and county of residence from the Swedish population. Participants ranged from recreational exercisers to world-class skiers. Race participation, distance of race run, number of races participated in, and finishing time were used as proxies for physical exercise. Incident fractures from 1991 to 2010 were obtained from national Swedish registers. Over a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 53,175 fractures of any type, 2929 hip, 3107 proximal humerus, 11,875 lower leg, 11,733 forearm, and 2391 vertebral fractures occurred. In a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis using time-updated exposure and covariate information, participation in the race was associated with an increased risk of any type of fracture (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.05); forearm fractures had an HR, 1.11 with a 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.15. There was a lower risk of hip (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.83), proximal humerus (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.98), and lower leg fractures (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.97), whereas the HR of vertebral fracture was 0.97 with a 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.07. Among participants, the risk of fracture was similar irrespective of race distance and number of races run. Participants close to the median finishing time had a lower risk of fracture compared with faster and slower participants. In summary, high levels of physical exercise were associated with a slightly higher risk of fractures of any type, including forearm fractures, but a lower risk of hip, proximal humerus, and lower leg fractures.
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| 12505. |
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| 12506. |
- Staunton, Craig A., et al.
(författare)
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Performance and micro-pacing strategies in a freestyle cross-country skiing distance race
- 2021
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Ingår i: <em>26<sup>th</sup> Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science</em>.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pacing strategies in cross-country skiing (XCS) are largely influenced by the course topography [1]. Recent research has identifiedthat skiing velocity during some key track sections (i.e. the micro-pacing strategy) was related to faster race times [2]. Specifically, skiing velocity during transitions between uphill, flat and downhill sections were strongly related to faster classic XCS sprint race times among female skiers [2]. Previous research has also shown that pacing strategies might vary between techniques (i.e. classic vs.skate) [1] and sexes [3]. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between micro-pacing strategies and performance during a freestyle XCS distance race in women and men.METHODS: Nine female and 10 male XCS athletes wore a GNSS device (Catapult OptimEye S5; 10 Hz) during a senior FIS-sanctioned freestyle distance race. The race lap was 4892 m in distance with 165 m of vertical climbing. The women completed two laps (9964 m), while the men completed three laps (14678 m). The course was divided into uphill (S1, S3, S5, S7), downhill (S2, S4, S6, S8) and flat sections (S9) for analyses. In order to compare skiers’ velocities at the same track locations, GNSS positioning data were resampled at every 1-m interval along the course. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM; linear regression) was used to determine the track positions where instantaneous skiing velocity was significantly associated with race time.RESULTS: Race time was associated with velocity during parts of S1 (the second longest climb) on lap 2 for both sexes (t ≥ 4.206, p < 0.001)and on lap 3 for men (t = 4.308, p = 0.047). By contrast, race time was unrelated to velocity during S3 (the shortest climb) for both sexes. Race time was related to velocity during parts of S5 (the longest climb) on lap 1 for women (t = 4.663, p < 0.001) and on laps 2and 3 for men (t ≥ 4.031, p ≤ 0.009). While race time was not related to velocity during S7 (the second shortest climb) for men, it was for women on lap 1 (t = 3.871, p = 0.002). Race time was largely unrelated to velocity during all downhill sections for both sexes. Finally, race time was related to velocity through S9 (the flat section) for women (t = 3.716, p = 0.001), but not for men.CONCLUSION: SPM analyses revealed specific uphill and flat track sections where athletes with faster race times skied with higher velocities, compared to athletes with slower race times. Specifically, more successful women adopted more aggressive micro-pacing strategies on some parts of the three longer uphill sections (S1, S5, S7), as well as on the flat section of the course (S9). The more successful men also adopted more aggressive micro-pacing strategies on some parts of the two longest uphill sections (S1, S5). Coaches and athletes can use this information to optimise micro-pacing strategies and improve performance.1. Stöggl et al. (2018); 2. Ihalainen et al. (2020); 3. Andersson et al. (2019)
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| 12507. |
- Staunton, Craig A., et al.
(författare)
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Performance and Micro-Pacing Strategies in a Freestyle Cross-Country Skiing Distance Race
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the micro-pacing strategies during a distance freestyle cross-country (XC) skiing competition. Nine female and 10 male highly trained XC skiers wore a GNSS device during a FIS-sanctioned race. The course was ~4900 m; women completed two-laps; men completed three-laps. The course was divided into uphill (S1, S3, S5, S7), downhill (S2, S4, S6, S8), and flat (S9) sections for analyses. Statistical parametric mapping was used to determine the course positions (clusters) where total race time or section time was significantly associated with instantaneous skiing speed. Total race time was associated with instantaneous skiing speed during a cluster in S1 on lap 2 for both sexes (t ≥ 5.899, p ≤ 0.008). The two longest uphill sections (S1; S5) and the flat section (S9) contained clusters where section times were related to instantaneous skiing speed for both sexes (p < 0.05). The fastest woman gained 6.9 s on the slowest woman during a cluster in S1 on lap 1 and 7.3 s during a cluster in S9 on lap 1. The fastest man gained 51.7 s on the slowest man over all clusters in S5 over the 3 laps combined. Compared to skiers with longer total race times, skiers with shorter race times skied with faster instantaneous speeds in some clusters of the uphill sections, as well as on the flat section of the course. This study also identified different relative micro-pacing strategies for women and men during freestyle distance XC skiing races. Finally, statistical parametric mapping analyses can help to identify individual strengths and weaknesses for guiding training programs and optimise competition pacing strategies.
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| 12508. |
- Staunton, Craig A., et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory and Accelerometer-Derived Measures in Trail Running and the Influence of Sensor Location
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. - : Human Kinetics. - 1555-0265 .- 1555-0273. ; 17:3, s. 474-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory and accelerometer-derived measures of exercise during trailrunning and determine the influence of accelerometer location.Methods: Eight trail runners (7 males and 1 female; age 26 [5] y;maximal oxygen consumption [ ̇VO2] 70 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed a 7-km trail run (elevation gain: 486 m), with concurrentmeasurements of ̇VO2, heart rate, and accelerations recorded from 3 triaxial accelerometers attached at the upper spine, lowerspine, and pelvis. External exercise intensity was quantified from the accelerometers using PlayerLoad™ per minute andaccelerometry-derived average net force. External exercise volume was calculated using accumulated PlayerLoad and the product of average net force and duration (impulse). Internal intensity was calculated using heart rate and ̇VO2-metrics; internal volume was calculated from total energy expenditure (work). All metrics were analyzed during both uphill (UH) and downhill(DH) sections of the trail run.Results: PlayerLoad and average net force were greater during DH compared with UH for all sensorlocations (P ≤ .004). For all accelerometer metrics, there was a sensor position × gradient interaction (F2,1429.003;P <.001). The upper spine was lower compared with both pelvis (P ≤ .003) and lower spine (P ≤ .002) for all accelerometermetrics during both UH and DH running. Relationships between accelerometer and cardiorespiratory measures during UH running ranged from moderate negative to moderate positive (r = −.31 to .41). Relationships were stronger during DH running where there was a nearly perfect correlation between work and impulse (r = .91; P < .001).Conclusions: Simultaneous monitoring of cardiorespiratory and accelerometer-derived measures during trail running is suggested because of the disparity between internal and external intensities during changes in gradient. Sensor positioning close to the center of mass isrecommended.
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| 12509. |
- Stehn, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Byggandet av flervåningshus i trä : erfarenhet efter tre års observation av träbyggandets utveckling
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I utredningen ”Mer trä i byggandet”, Ds 2004:01, som ledde fram till Nationella träbyggnadsstrategin slogs fast att: för att öka träbyggandet krävs utbildningsinsatser både av studenter och via fortbildning av yrkesverksamma ute i arbetslivet. Denna rapport är en sammanfattning av kunskaperna vunna ur de aktiviteter som genomfördes inom Nationella träbyggnadsstrategins fortbildningsprogram mellan 2006-2008. Kunskaper och resultat har även vävts in från flera FoU program riktat att stötta träbyggandet som utfördes parallellt med Nationella träbyggnadsstrategin. Fortbildningsprogrammet var ett samverkansprojekt mellanLuleå tekniska universitet, Växjö universitet, Högskolan Dalarna och SP Trätek I rapporten beskrivs: Teknik och kompetensutveckling inom träbyggandet, Systembeskrivningar av träbyggprojekt med fokus på objekt uppförda i Växjö, Falun och Skellefteå. Vidare ges vetenskapliga systembeskrivningar av industriellt träbyggande med definitioner byggsystem (tekniken), av aktörsroller, affärsmodeller och vad egentligen industriellt byggande handlar om (processen för industriellt byggande). Rapporten avslutas med en vägledning till byggandets aktörer: kommuner, arkitekter, leverantörer/entreprenörer.
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| 12510. |
- Stenbacka, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Planning for socially sustainable rural housing in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss policies and planning for rural housing, with a special focus on social sustainability. In this endeavour, we review research with such a focus and put this in dialogue with an analysis of the contemporary situation regarding rural housing challenges and policies in Sweden. Countrysides in Europe, including Sweden, are diverse and face different housing-related challenges. The literature illuminates spatial as well as socio-economic inequalities. Both a low demand for housing related to a shrinking labour market and out-migration and a high pressure on the housing market triggering restrictive or conditional measures to avoid speculative developments and rural gentrification affect social sustainability. Our case study on policy and planning measures that deal with rural housing in Sweden shows that there is a need to further investigate and understand the role of housing in rural areas for various groups and people with fewer resources, including further elaboration on the connection between mobilities and housing needs. A narrow focus upon housing provision that does not take into account access to services and communications as well as contemporary mobility flows of different groups challenges equality and well-being in rural areas. In Sweden, housing is primarily a municipal, local responsibility. However, exogenous forces or trends mean that housing issues play out at both the regional and national levels and put the municipalities in a difficult situation.
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