| 51. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas R, et al.
(author)
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Probiotic lactobacilli in breast milk and infant stool in relation to oral intake during the first year of life
- 2009
-
In: Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1536-4801 .- 0277-2116. ; 49:3, s. 349-354
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This is to identify factors affecting the prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri in maternal faeces and breast milk and infant faeces after oral supplementation with L reuteri and to assess the influence on microbial ecology, particularly Clostridium difficile and Bifidobacterium colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind trial, 232 mothers with a family history of atopic disease were randomized to a daily intake of either L reuteri American-type culture collection (ATCC) 55730 (1 x 10 colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo for the last 4 weeks of pregnancy. Their babies then continued with the same study product daily from birth until 12 months of age. Bacterial counts and prevalence were assessed in maternal breast milk and faeces and infant faeces, using conventional cultivation methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of L reuteri was higher during the first year of life in the stool samples from infants in the active as compared with the placebo-treated group. The highest prevalence was recorded at 5 to 6 days of age (82% in the treated vs 20% in the placebo group, P < 0.001). Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from 12% and 2%, respectively, in the colostrum samples (P < 0.05). Breast-feeding seemed to reduce faecal L reuteri counts, although antibiotics did not influence the levels of L reuteri. The administration of L reuteri did not affect bifidobacteria or C difficile colonization. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus reuteri may be detected in breast milk after oral supplementation to the mother and in almost all infants after oral supplementation during the first year of life, as well as occasionally in many untreated infants.
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| 52. |
- Abreu Velez, Ana M, et al.
(author)
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Autoantibodies to full body vascular cell junctions colocalize with MYZAP, ARVCF, desmoplakins I and II and p0071 in endemic pemphigus in Colombia, South America
- 2018
-
In: International Journal of Dermatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0011-9059 .- 1365-4632. ; 57:3, s. 291-298
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We previously described a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia (El Bagre-EPF). METHODS: Here we aimed to investigate disease autoreactivity to vessels in all body organs/systems. We compared 57 patients and 57 controls from the endemic area, matched by demographics, age, sex, and work activity. We performed immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, indirect immune electron microscopy studies, and autometallographic studies. We performed ultrasonography on large patient arteries, investigating for vascular anomalies. In addition, we reviewed autopsies on seven patients who died affected by El Bagre-EPF. We immunoadsorbed any positive vessel immunofluorescence with desmoglein (Dsg1), investigating for new autoantigens. RESULTS: Overall, 57/57 patients affected by El Bagre-EPF displayed autoantibodies to vessels in all the organs/systems of the body via all methods (P < 0.01). The autoreactivity was polyclonal, and the patient's antibodies colocalized with commercial antibodies to desmoplakins I and II, p0071, ARVCF, and MYZAP (all from Progen Biotechnik, Germany; P < 0.01; all present at cell junctions). Immunoadsorption with Dsg1 on positive vessel immunofluorescence showed that the immune response against the vessels was directed against non-Dsg1 antigen(s). Autometallographic studies showed deposits of metals and metalloids in vessel cell junctions and in erythrocytes of 85% of patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Immune response to these vascular antigens is likely altering endothelial cells and vessel shapes, thus disturbing hemodynamic flow. The flow alterations likely lead to inflammation and may play a role in the atherogenesis often seen in these patients.
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| 53. |
- Abreu Velez, Ana María, et al.
(author)
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Detection of Mercury and Other Undetermined Materials in Skin Biopsies of Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus
- 2003
-
In: American journal of dermatopathology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0193-1091 .- 1533-0311. ; 25:5, s. 384-391
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A novel variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) was described among individuals in an area surrounding El Bagre, Colombia, South America. The population in this rural mining community is exposed to high environmental levels of mercury, used for gold extraction, as well as other minerals, metalloids, and trace elements (e.g., quartz, rutile, granite, magnetite, and almenite) and ultraviolet radiation. Fifty con-trol subjects and fifty EPF patients in the endemic area were examined for the presence of mercury in skin biopsies and hair, using autometal-lographic and mass spectroscopic analyses, respectively. Simultane-ously, serum levels of IgE were measured, and cutaneous tests for hy-persensitivity reactions were performed. Using autometallography, mercuric sulfides/selenides were detected in 14 of 51 skin biopsies dis-tributed similarly in the control and patient groups. However, signifi-cantly higher serum IgE levels and mercury concentrations in hair, urine, and nails were found in patients compared with controls. Mi-croscopic analysis revealed mercuric sulfides/selenides concentrated within and around the sweat gland epithelium, as well as in dendritic cells. Five skin biopsies from EPF patients and five from controls that tested positive for the presence of mercuric sulfides/selenides by autometallography were randomly selected for electron microscopic analysis. This analysis revealed a mixed electron-dense and electron-light material closely associated with desmosomes in patients. How-ever, there were intracellular vesicles containing an amalgam of elec-tron-dense and electron-light materials only in the EPF patients. Thus, EPF-affected individuals are exposed to high levels of environmental mercuric sulfides/selenides and other elements. This is the first study reporting mercuric sulfides/selenides in skin biopsies from people liv-ing in a focus of EPF, and these compounds may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
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| 54. |
- Aburawi, A. E., et al.
(author)
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New Model of Emergency Communication for Disaster Relief in Remote Areas
- 2016
-
In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIONS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IIT). ; , s. 20-24
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even in the 21st century, modern communication technology is still affected by natural disasters and political turmoil which threaten people's lives and make the Internet or mobile phone networks unavailable for use. This work is based on constructive research which resulted in a proof of concept system that uses shortwave radio technology to provide a one-way communication system. A message that a user writes on their smartphone, which is connected to a small preset transmitter, is sent out to a receiver in another part of the world where the message can then be posted on the Internet. This system is a cheaper alternative to other shortwave radio transmitters, and has potential for improvement.
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| 55. |
-
Accessibility Denied : Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities
- 2022
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book explores the societal resistance to accessibility for persons with disabilities, and tries to set an example of how to study exclusion in a time when numerous policies promise inclusion. With 12 chapters organised in three parts, the book takes a comprehensive approach to accessibility, covering transport and communication, knowledge and education, law and organisation. Topics within a wide cross-disciplinary field are covered, including disability studies, social work, sociology, ethnology, social anthropology, and history. The main example is Sweden, with its implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities within the context of the Nordic welfare state. By identifying and discussing persistent social and cultural conditions as well as recurring situations and interactions that nurture resistance to advancing accessibility, despite various strong laws promoting it, the book’s conclusions are widely transferable. It argues for the value of alternating between methods, theoretical perspectives, and datasets to explore how new arenas, resources and technologies cause new accessibility concerns — and possibilities — for persons living with impairments. We need to be able to follow actors closely to uncover how they feel, act, and argue, but also to connect to wider discursive and institutional patterns and systems. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of disability studies, social work, sociology, ethnology, social anthropology, political science, and organisation studies.
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| 56. |
- Aceijas, Carmen, et al.
(author)
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Teaching Ethics in Schools of Public Health in the European Region : Findings from a Screening Survey
- 2012
-
In: Public Health Reviews. - : Public Health Reviews. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 34:1, s. 1-10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A survey targeting ASPHER members was launched in 2010/11, being a first initiative in improving ethics education in European Schools of Public Health. An 8-items questionnaire collected information on teaching of ethics in public health. A 52% response rate (43/82) revealed that almost all of the schools (95% out of 40 respondents with valid data) included the teaching of ethics in at least one of its programmes. They also expressed the need of support, (e.g.: a model curriculum (n=25), case studies (n=24)), which indicates further work to be met by the ASPHER Working Group on Ethics and Values in Public Health.
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| 57. |
- Ackermann, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
-
Design of a bioelectrocatalytic electrode interface for oxygen reduction in biofuel cells based on a specifically adapted Os-complex containing redox polymer with entrapped Trametes hirsuta laccase
- 2010
-
In: Electrochemistry communications. - : Elsevier. - 1388-2481 .- 1873-1902. ; 12:5, s. 640-643
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design of the coordination shell of an Os-complex and its integration within an electrodeposition polymer enables fast electron transfer between an electrode and a polymer entrapped high-potential laccase from the basidiomycete Trametes hirsuta. The redox potential of the Os3+/2+-centre tethered to the polymer backbone (+720 mV vs. NHE) is perfectly matching the potential of the enzyme (+780 mV vs. NHE at pH 6.5). The laccase and the Os-complex modified anodic electrodeposition polymer were simultaneously precipitated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by means of a pH-shift to 2.5. The modified electrode was investigated with respect to biocatalytic oxygen reduction to water. The proposed modified electrode has potential applications as biofuel cell cathode.
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| 58. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Barns erfarenheter av sociala gemenskaper i övergångarna till och från förskoleklass
- 2014
-
In: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige. - : Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, Göteborgs universitet. - 1401-6788 .- 2001-3345. ; 19:1, s. 5-30
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tidigare forskning har visat att splittringar i barns relationer är en negativ faktor för barn i övergången från förskola till skola. Syftet med denna studie är att vinna kunskap om hur barn resonerar om övergångarna till och från förskoleklassen, och hur övergångarna inverkar på barnens kamratrelationer och tillhörighet i sociala gemenskaper. Studien är en etnografisk longitudinell studie, där samtal med barnen under 1,5 år i tre olika skolformer utgör det empiriska fundamentet. Resultaten visar att övergångar mellan skolformer innebär en relationell påfrestning för barn, där deras upplevelse av tillhörighet i sociala gemenskaper sätts på prov. I studien presenteras två aspekter av diskontinuitet mellan skolformer; den sociala och den fysiskt rumsliga. I linje med studiens resultat finns fog att vidare reflektera över hur barns tillhörighet i sociala gemenskaper villkoras av ständiga förändringar i gruppsammansättningar i samband med övergångarna, och hur det kan vara möjligt att förebygga ofrivilliga avbrott i barns relationer. I studien framstår förskoleklassen som en plats med begränsade möjligheter för sociala gemenskaper – ett år av övergångar till och övergångar från. Det kan därför vara relevant att vidare reflektera över förskoleklassens uppdrag att främja barns sociala gemenskaper.
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| 59. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Den utvidgade undervisningsrepertoaren
- 2023
-
In: Att undervisa barn i skolstartsålder. - : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151110714 ; , s. 14-26
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 60. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Från den omogna sexåringen till den skolpliktiga förskoleklasseleven. : En dokumentanalys av sexåringen i det svenska utbildningslandskapet från 1940-tal till idag.
- 2020
-
In: Barn. - Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. - 0800-1669 .- 2535-5449. ; 38:1, s. 71-87
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Denna studie analyserar hur framställningen av det sexåriga barnet har förändrats genom historien, beroende på hur samhället har hanterat frågor om skolplikt, sexåringens skolmognad och skolstart. Policydokument från 1940-talet fram till 2017 har analyserats med hjälp av begreppen subjektifiering och kvalificering. Policydiskurser formulerar mening och sanningar om barnet men ger också en indikation på vad som är problemen och hur dessa problem ska lösas. Policydiskurser innehåller också ekonomiska argument och formulerar den roll som utbildning spelar i att förbereda barn och unga för framtida utbildning och arbetsliv. Vi svarar på frågorna: vem är sexåringen i policydokumenten och vad ska sexåringen kvalificeras för genom utbildning? Resultaten visar att det sker en förskjutning från beskrivningar av den omogna sexåringen till den presterande och skolpliktiga eleven. I början av tidsperioden formuleras diskurser om det omogna och problematiska barnet som inte förväntats klara av att passera nålsögat för att bli insläppt i skolan. Runt millennieskiftet sker dock ett diskursivt brott då barnets förutsättningar hamnar i förgrunden. Problemet kom då istället att handla om hur skolan ska anpassas till det kompetenta barnets individuella förutsättningar. Perioden är dock kort, och en bit in på 2010- talet är det återigen den skolpliktiga, presterande och mätbara eleven som förväntas anpassa sig till statens krav. Denna förskjutning kan sättas i en global kontext som framhäver konkurrens, kunskapseffektivitet och ekonomiska incitament för skolarisering
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