| 41. |
- Watson, Christine
(författare)
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Soil health metrics reflect yields in long-term cropping system experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agronomy for Sustainable Development. - : EDP Sciences / Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1774-0746 .- 1773-0155. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil health metrics with strong links to ecological function and agricultural productivity are needed to ensure that future management of agricultural systems meets sustainability goals. While ecological metrics and crop yields are often considered separately from one another, our work sought to assess the links between the two in an agricultural context where productivity is a key consideration. Here, we investigated the value of soil health tests in terms of their relevance to agricultural management practices and crop yields at contrasting long term cropping systems experiments. One site was on a sandy loam Leptic Podzol and the other on a sandy clay loam Endostagnic Luvisol. Furthermore, the experiments had different management systems. One contained legume-supported rotations with different grass-clover ley durations and organic amendment usage, while the other compared a range of nutrient input options through fertiliser and organic amendments on the same rotation without ley periods. Metrics included field tests (earthworm counts and visual evaluation of soil structure scores) with laboratory analysis of soil structure, chemistry and biology. This analysis included bulk density, macroporosity, pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil organic matter and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. Using a novel combination of long-term experiments, management systems and distinctive soil types, we demonstrated that as well as providing nutrients, agricultural management which resulted in better soil organic matter, pH, potassium and bulk density was correlated with higher crop yields. The importance of ley duration and potentially mineralizable nitrogen to yield in legume-supported systems showed the impact of agricultural management on soil biology. In systems with applications of synthetic fertiliser, earthworm counts and visual evaluation of soil structure scores were correlated with higher yields. We concluded that agricultural management altered yields not just through direct supply of nutrients to crops, but also through the changes in soil health measured by simple metrics.
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| 42. |
- Watson, Christine
(författare)
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The Treatment of Graphic Variation in Slavic and Latin Editorial Philology
- 2014
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Ingår i: Studia Neophilologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0039-3274 .- 1651-2308. ; 86:supp. 1, s. 187-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article compares some aspects of editorial principles in Latin and Slavic (Cyrillic) philology. The emphasis is on matters of graphic variation and orthography. In Latin philology, the main determining factor when choosing editorial principles is whether the text is classical or medieval. Slavic tradition, on the other hand, takes into consideration not only the age of the manuscript but also the intended readership of the edition: editions aimed at linguists follow other principles than those aimed at e.g. scholars of literature or history. Two aspects that are rarely discussed in connection with Latin texts, but that are important in Slavic editorial tradition, are the choice of font and the question of which letters or letter variants are to be rendered in editions. The different principles are illustrated, and some possible reasons for the differences between the Latin and the Slavic traditions are suggested.
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| 43. |
- Wu, Haizhou, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipid Oxidation in Innovative Protein Enriched Products from Cod- salmon and Herring Backbones During Ice and Frozen Storage.
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. - 0003-021X. ; 98:S1, s. 128-128
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The demand for high value proteins is increasing every year due e.g., to population growth and a diet shift to more proteins driven e.g., by an aging population. Co-products emerging in fish filleting operations contain significant amounts of muscle rich in high value protein, which could be better used in food production to cover the growing protein demand. However, applying value-adding techniques to fish filleting co-products is rendered difficult due to their high susceptibility to lipid oxidation. In the first part of this study, seven components/formulas (water-soluble rosemary extract (RE-A), oil-soluble rosemary extract (RE-B), isoascorbic acid (IAA), esculetin, α-tocopherol (α-TOC) or and two rosemary-containing commercial mixtures; Duralox MANC-213 (MANC) and EVESA-C5 (EVESA)) were directly added into minced herring co-products to screen their ability to prevent lipid oxidation during ice storage. The order by which the seven compounds delayed lipid oxidation was as follows: RE-B (0.05%) = MANC (0.5%) = EVESA (0.5%) > IAA (0.5%) > RE-A (0.2%) > esculetin (0.09%) > α-TOC (0.02%). The two most promising candidates based on both cost and efficiency were used in a second trial where herring co-products were dipped in antioxidant-containing solutions prior to subsequent cold-storage for 12 days in a minced or intact form. The effect of re-cycling the antioxidant solutions was also studied, and both PV and TBARS were analyzed. Dipping of the co-products with a 0.2% RE-B solution with and without 0.5% IAA added remarkably increased the oxidation lag phase from < 1 day to >12 days during subsequent cold storage in minced or intact form. Even after re-use of the dipping solution up to 10 times, lipid oxidation was completely inhibited. The presented dipping strategies could hereby facilitate more diversified end-use of herring co-products from current fish meal to high-quality minces, protein isolates or oils for the food industry.
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| 44. |
- Zheng, Xiaowei, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia-induced and calpain-dependent cleavage of filamin-A regulates the hypoxic response. : Hypoxia-induced and calpain-dependent cleavage of filamin-A regulates the hypoxic response.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:7, s. 2560-2565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cellular response to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and -2α). We have discovered that filamin A (FLNA), a large cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, physically interacts with HIF-1α and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hypoxia induces a calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA to generate a naturally occurring C-terminal fragment that accumulates in the cell nucleus. This fragment interacts with the N-terminal portion of HIF-1α spanning amino acid residues 1-390 but not with HIF-2α. In hypoxia this fragment facilitates the nuclear localization of HIF-1α, is recruited to HIF-1α target gene promoters, and enhances HIF-1α function, resulting in up-regulation of HIF-1α target gene expression in a hypoxia-dependent fashion. These results unravel an important mechanism that selectively regulates the nuclear accumulation and function of HIF-1α and potentiates angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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