| 91. |
- Shrine, N, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 55:3, s. 410-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by ≥2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups. We undertook phenome-wide association studies for selected associated variants as well as trait and pathway-specific genetic risk scores to infer possible consequences of intervening in pathways underlying lung function. We highlight new putative causal variants, genes, proteins and pathways, including those targeted by existing drugs. These findings bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying lung function and COPD, and should inform functional genomics experiments and potentially future COPD therapies.
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| 92. |
- Timm, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma and selective migration from farming environments in a three-generation cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:6, s. 601-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals raised on a farm appear to have less asthma than individual raised elsewhere. However, selective migration might contribute to this as may also the suggested protection from farm environment. This study investigated if parents with asthma are less likely to raise their children on a farm. This study involved three generations: 6045 participants in ECRHS/RHINE cohorts (born 1945-1973, denoted G1), their 10,121 parents (denoted G0) and their 8260 offspring participating in RHINESSA (born 1963-1998, denoted G2). G2-offspring provided information on parents not participating in ECRHS/RHINE. Asthma status and place of upbringing for all three generations were reported in questionnaires by G1 in 2010-2012 and by G2 in 2013-2016. Binary regressions with farm upbringing as outcome were performed to explore associations between parental asthma and offspring farm upbringing in G0-G1 and G1-G2. Having at least one parent with asthma was not associated with offspring farm upbringing, either in G1-G2 (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.81-1.52) or in G0-G1 (RR 0.99, 0.85-1.15). G1 parents with asthma born in a city tended to move and raise their G2 offspring on a farm (RR 2.00, 1.12-3.55), while G1 parents with asthma born on a farm were less likely to raise their G2 offspring on a farm (RR 0.34, 0.11-1.06). This pattern was not observed in analyses of G0-G1. This study suggests that the protective effect from farm upbringing on subsequent asthma development could not be explained by selective migration. Intriguingly, asthmatic parents appeared to change environment when having children.
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| 93. |
- Torén, Kjell, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Adult-onset asthma in west Sweden - Incidence, sex differences and impact of occupational exposures.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Respiratory medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to estimate the incidence rate of adult-onset asthma in relation to age, sex, smoking and occupational exposures. A random sample of 18,087 subjects aged 16-75 years was investigated using a respiratory questionnaire. Adult-onset asthma was defined as "physician-diagnosed" asthma with onset at or after 16 years of age. The subjects were asked about year of asthma diagnosis and year of starting and stopping smoking. Subjects with onset of asthma before 16 years of age and physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded resulting in a study population of 15,761 subjects. Incidence-rates of adult-onset asthma were calculated and relative risks were assessed using Cox-regression models. During the observation period 1990-2008, 359 new cases of asthma occurred and the cumulative incidence for adult-onset asthma was 2.3%. The crude incidence rate was 1.4/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.3/1000-1.6/1000), with significantly higher incidence rate among women than among men. The incidence rate of asthma during never-smoking years was similar to that during smoking years. The rate of asthma incidence decreased with increasing age. Occupational dust and fume exposure and being female were associated with increased risk of asthma. The attributable fraction for occupational exposure to gas, dust and fumes was 9.4% in the total group, 17.3% among men and 5.1% among women. The incidence rate of asthma was higher among women than among men, and the rate declined with increasing age. A substantial proportion of the new-onset asthma cases could be attributed to occupational exposures.
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| 94. |
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| 95. |
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| 96. |
- Wang, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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Dampness, mould, onset and remission of adult respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 53:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study question: Is dampness and indoor mould associated with onset and remission of respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis among adults? Materials and methods: Associations between dampness, mould and mould odour at home and at work and respiratory health were investigated in a cohort of 11 506 adults from Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Estonia. They answered a questionnaire at baseline and 10 years later, with questions on respiratory health, home and work environment. Results: Baseline water damage, floor dampness, mould and mould odour at home were associated with onset of respiratory symptoms and asthma (OR 1.23-2.24). Dampness at home during follow-up was associated with onset of respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis (OR 1.21-1.52). Dampness at work during follow-up was associated with onset of respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis (OR 1.31-1.50). Combined dampness at home and at work increased the risk of onset of respiratory symptoms and rhinitis. Dampness and mould at home and at work decreased remission of respiratory symptoms and rhinitis. The answer to the question: Dampness and mould at home and at work can increase onset of respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis, and decrease remission.
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| 97. |
- Winkvist, Anna, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake, leisure time activities and obesity among adolescents in Western Sweden: a cross-sectional study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 15:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Overweight and obesity among adolescents are increasing worldwide. Risk factors include dietary intake characteristics and high levels of physical inactivity. In Sweden, few large comprehensive population-based surveys of dietary intake and lifestyle among adolescents have been carried out. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to describe dietary intake and food choices as well as leisure time activities in relation to overweight and obesity in a total sample of all schoolchildren aged 15 years in Western Sweden. Methods: In 2008, a questionnaire was sent to all 21,651 adolescents born in 1992 in Vastra Gotaland Region, Sweden. Participation rate was 54.3 % (50.7 % girls/49.3 % boys). The questionnaire included a 73-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and questions on lifestyle. Results were evaluated against the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and Swedish indicators of healthy diet and exercise habits. Associations with concurrent overweight and obesity were evaluated in multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Among girls, 49.5 % reached the goal of consuming fruit and vegetables at least daily, whereas for boys the figure was 34.4 %. Among both sexes, 15 % reached the goal of consuming fish at least twice weekly. Two-thirds of both sexes reached the goal of regular moderate or vigorous physical activity weekly. In total, 12.4 % were overweight and 2.4 % were obese. More girls than boys were underweight, whereas more boys than girls were overweight or obese (p < 0.001). Boys exhibited a more frequent intake of sodas and concentrated fruit juices, milk 3 % fat, bread and potatoes and fast food (p < 0.001). Frequent intake of candies and chocolate was reported by both sexes. Among girls and boys, living in rural areas, living in apartments and reporting no frequent leisure time physical activity were significant risk factors for being overweight or obese, also when adjusted for other risk factors. Conclusions: Dietary habits of adolescents in Western Sweden warrant improvements. Public health actions should be taken to increase consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish, and decrease consumption of sodas and candies and also to increase frequency of physical activity. These actions may be helpful in reducing risks for overweight and obesity.
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