| 21. |
- Soomro, Munawar Hussain, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and the Development of Eczema Phenotypes in Male Children : Results from the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 126:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Contradictory results exist regarding the importance of early-life exposure to phthalates for development of childhood eczema. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites between the 24th and 28th week of gestation and occurrence of eczema in their sons up to 5 y of age, according to allergic sensitization as assessed by total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a subsample of individuals. METHODS: Data on health outcomes and background factors were collected using five standardized annual questionnaires completed by parents at the children's ages of 1-5 y, and their associations with phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations were assessed in 604 mother son pairs with adjusted multiple logistic regression and Cox's survival model. Several eczema phenotypes were considered. Atopic status was assessed at 5 y of age in 293 boys through total IgE assessment. RESULTS: At 5 y of age, the prevalence of ever eczema was 30.4%. Metabolites of di-isobutyl phthalate, (DiBP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) were positively associated with early-onset (0-24 mo of age) eczema (15.7%) and late-onset (24-60 mo of age) eczema (14.7%). Applying the Cox's model showed a significant association of occurrence of eczema in the first 5 y of life with DiBP and DINP metabolites. Among IgE-sensitized boys, metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and DiBP were significantly associated with ever eczema {hazard ratio (HR) = 1.67 [95% confidence, interval (CI): 1.10, 2.54], p = 0.01 and HR = 1.87 (95% CI: 1.01, 3.48), p = 0.04, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of eczema in early childhood may be influenced by prenatal exposure to certain phthalates in boys. Further investigations are needed to confirm this observation.
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| 22. |
- Temam, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic position and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in Western Europe : a multi-city analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 101, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inconsistent associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and outdoor air pollution have been reported in Europe, but methodological differences prevent any direct between-study comparison.OBJECTIVES: Assess and compare the association between SEP and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure as a marker of traffic exhaust, in 16 cities from eight Western European countries.METHODS: Three SEP indicators, two defined at individual-level (education and occupation) and one at neighborhood-level (unemployment rate) were assessed in three European multicenter cohorts. NO2 annual concentration exposure was estimated at participants' addresses with land use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE; http://www.escapeproject.eu/). Pooled and city-specific linear regressions were used to analyze associations between each SEP indicator and NO2. Heterogeneity across cities was assessed using the Higgins' I-squared test (I(2)).RESULTS: The study population included 5692 participants. Pooled analysis showed that participants with lower individual-SEP were less exposed to NO2. Conversely, participants living in neighborhoods with higher unemployment rate were more exposed. City-specific results exhibited strong heterogeneity (I(2)>76% for the three SEP indicators) resulting in variation of the individual- and neighborhood-SEP patterns of NO2 exposure across cities. The coefficients from a model that included both individual- and neighborhood-SEP indicators were similar to the unadjusted coefficients, suggesting independent associations.CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed for the first time using homogenized measures of outcome and exposure across 16 cities the important heterogeneity regarding the association between SEP and NO2 in Western Europe. Importantly, our results showed that individual- and neighborhood-SEP indicators capture different aspects of the association between SEP and exposure to air pollution, stressing the importance of considering both in air pollution health effects studies.
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| 23. |
- Zhao, Tianyu, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of long-term exposure to ambient ozone on lung function over a course of 20 years (The ECRHS study) : a prospective cohort study in adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: While the adverse effects of short-term ambient ozone exposure on lung function are well-documented, the impact of long-term exposure remains poorly understood, especially in adults.Methods: We aimed to investigate the association between long-term ozone exposure and lung function decline. The 3014 participants were drawn from 17 centers across eight countries, all of which were from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Spirometry was conducted to measure pre-bronchodilation forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at approximately 35, 44, and 55 years of age. We assigned annual mean values of daily maximum running 8-h average ozone concentrations to individual residential addresses. Adjustments were made for PM2.5, NO2, and greenness. To capture the ozone-related change in spirometric parameters, our linear mixed effects regression models included an interaction term between long-term ozone exposure and age.Findings: Mean ambient ozone concentrations were approximately 65 μg/m³. A one interquartile range increase of 7 μg/m³ in ozone was associated with a faster decline in FEV1 of −2.08 mL/year (95% confidence interval: −2.79, −1.36) and in FVC of −2.86 mL/year (−3.73, −1.99) mL/year over the study period. Associations were robust after adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, and greenness. The associations were more pronounced in residents of northern Europe and individuals who were older at baseline. No consistent associations were detected with the FEV1/FVC ratio.Interpretation: Long-term exposure to elevated ambient ozone concentrations was associated with a faster decline of spirometric lung function among middle-aged European adults over a 20-year period. Funding: German Research Foundation.
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| 24. |
- Zhao, Tianyu, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of long-term exposure to ambient ozone on lung function over a course of 20 years (The ECRHS study) : a prospective cohort study in adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While the adverse effects of short-term ambient ozone exposure on lung function are well-documented, the impact of long-term exposure remains poorly understood, especially in adults.METHODS: We aimed to investigate the association between long-term ozone exposure and lung function decline. The 3014 participants were drawn from 17 centers across eight countries, all of which were from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Spirometry was conducted to measure pre-bronchodilation forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at approximately 35, 44, and 55 years of age. We assigned annual mean values of daily maximum running 8-h average ozone concentrations to individual residential addresses. Adjustments were made for PM2.5, NO2, and greenness. To capture the ozone-related change in spirometric parameters, our linear mixed effects regression models included an interaction term between long-term ozone exposure and age.FINDINGS: Mean ambient ozone concentrations were approximately 65 μg/m³. A one interquartile range increase of 7 μg/m³ in ozone was associated with a faster decline in FEV1 of -2.08 mL/year (95% confidence interval: -2.79, -1.36) and in FVC of -2.86 mL/year (-3.73, -1.99) mL/year over the study period. Associations were robust after adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, and greenness. The associations were more pronounced in residents of northern Europe and individuals who were older at baseline. No consistent associations were detected with the FEV1/FVC ratio.INTERPRETATION: Long-term exposure to elevated ambient ozone concentrations was associated with a faster decline of spirometric lung function among middle-aged European adults over a 20-year period.
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