| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Israelsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Antibody responses to a C-terminal fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigen Pf332 in Senegalese individuals naturally primed to the parasite
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 152:1, s. 64-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that antibodies from humans exposed continuously to malaria recognize the Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage antigen Pf332. Here we analysed the antibody responses to a C-terminal fragment of Pf332, designated C231, in individuals from Senegal, by measuring the serum levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG class and subclass and IgE antibodies. IgG antibody reactivity with crude P. falciparum antigen was detected in all the donors, while many of the children lacked or had low levels of such antibodies against C231. The antibody levels increased significantly with age for both crude P. falciparum antigen and C231, and in the older age groups most of the donors displayed antibodies to C231. This was also true for IgM, IgE and IgG subclass reactivity against C231. Moreover, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2 was considerably lower for C231 than for crude P. falciparum antigen, and in age groups 10–14 and 15–19 years the levels of IgG2 against C231 even exceeded that of IgG1. The IgG2/IgG3 ratios suggest that C231 gives similar levels of IgG2 and IgG3, except for children aged 4–9 years, where IgG3 was higher. Raw IgM, IgG class and subclass and IgE antibody levels to C231 tended to be higher in those who did not experience a malaria attack, but following linear multivariate analysis the trends were not significant.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Moreno, Claudia R. C., et al.
(författare)
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Musculoskeletal pain and insomnia among workers with different occupations and working hours
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 33:6, s. 749-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether working hours and type of occupation are associated with insomnia, pain and insomnia plus pain. Insomnia and musculoskeletal pain symptoms were measured in airline pilots, rural workers and factory workers using validated indexes. Rural and night work were predictors for the outcomes (insomnia and pain). However, musculoskeletal pain was found to be a predictor of insomnia but not vice versa. The current findings suggest that working hours and type of occupation play a role in the sleep-pain relationship.
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| 45. |
- Moreno, Claudia R. C., et al.
(författare)
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Sleep patterns in Amazon rubber tappers with and without electric light at home
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's modern society is exposed to artificial electric lighting in addition to the natural light-dark cycle. Studies assessing the impact of electric light exposure on sleep and its relation to work hours are rare due to the ubiquitous presence of electricity. Here we report a unique study conducted in two phases in a homogenous group of rubber tappers living and working in a remote area of the Amazon forest, comparing those living without electric light (n = 243 in first phase; n = 25 in second phase) to those with electric light at home (n = 97 in first phase; n = 17 in second phase). Questionnaire data (Phase 1) revealed that rubber tappers with availability of electric light had significantly shorter sleep on work days (30 min/day less) than those without electric light. Analysis of the data from the Phase 2 sample showed a significant delay in the timing of melatonin onset in workers with electric light compared to those without electric light (p < 0.01). Electric lighting delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration during the work week and appears to interfere with alignment of the circadian timing system to the natural light/dark cycle.
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| 46. |
- Rowland, L, et al.
(författare)
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Death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 528:7580, s. 119-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drought threatens tropical rainforests over seasonal to decadal timescales, but the drivers of tree mortality following drought remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that reduced availability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) critically increases mortality risk through insufficient carbon supply to metabolism ('carbon starvation'). However, little is known about how NSC stores are affected by drought, especially over the long term, and whether they are more important than hydraulic processes in determining drought-induced mortality. Using data from the world's longest-running experimental drought study in tropical rainforest (in the Brazilian Amazon), we test whether carbon starvation or deterioration of the water-conducting pathways from soil to leaf trigger tree mortality. Biomass loss from mortality in the experimentally droughted forest increased substantially after >10 years of reduced soil moisture availability. The mortality signal was dominated by the death of large trees, which were at a much greater risk of hydraulic deterioration than smaller trees. However, we find no evidence that the droughted trees suffered carbon starvation, as their NSC concentrations were similar to those of non-droughted trees, and growth rates did not decline in either living or dying trees. Our results indicate that hydraulics, rather than carbon starvation, triggers tree death from drought in tropical rainforest.
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| 47. |
- Tiuganji, Natalia M., et al.
(författare)
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Eating Behavior (Duration, Content, and Timing) Among Workers Living under Different Levels of Urbanization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization has contributed to extended wakefulness, which may in turn be associated with eating over a longer period. Here, we present a field study conducted in four groups with different work hours and places of living in order to investigate eating behavior (duration, content, and timing). Anthropometric measures were taken from the participants (rural (n = 22); town (n = 19); city-day workers (n = 11); city-night workers (n = 14)). In addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire was self-answered and 24-h food recalls were applied for three days. The 24-h food recalls revealed that fat intake varied according to the groups, with the highest consumption by the city-day workers. By contrast, city-day workers had the lowest intake of carbohydrate, whereas the rural group had the highest. In general, all groups had some degree of inadequacy in food consumption. Eating duration was negatively correlated with total energy intake, fat, and protein consumption in the rural and town groups. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and eating duration in both city groups. The rural group had the earliest start time of eating, and this was associated with a lower body mass index. This study suggested that food content and timing, as well as eating duration, differed according to place of living, which in turn may be linked to lifestyle.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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