| 3881. |
- Zhang, Yingyang, et al.
(författare)
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Prescription Patterns of Antidementia and Psychotropic Drugs in People Living With Dementia : Findings From the Clinical Pathway Study of Alzheimer's Disease in China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 23:6, s. 1073-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Evidence about prescribing patterns of dementia medication in China is lacking. This study aimed to examine prescribing rates of antidementia and psychotropic drugs and factors associated with drug prescription for dementia in China.Design: A multicenter observational study.Setting and Participants: This study employed cross-sectional data from the Clinical Pathway for Alzheimer's Disease in China study that was conducted in 28 memory clinics at tertiary hospitals across 14 provinces between 2012 and 2013. Patients aged ≥45 years with a diagnosis of dementia were included.Methods: Antidementia and psychotropic drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes. Odds ratios (ORs) of putative factors associated with prescription patterns were estimated using logistic regressions.Results: A total of 751 respondents were included in this study, 77.8% of whom were prescribed antidementia drugs, and 33.0% were prescribed at least 1 psychotropic drug. The concomitant prescription rate of antidementia and psychotropic drugs was 24.1%. Frontotemporal dementia [OR 9.92 (99.17% CI 3.08-42.70)], severe dementia [4.25 (1.88-9.79)], and apathy [1.94 (1.18-3.20)] were significantly associated with an elevated likelihood of memantine prescription. Psychotic symptoms [1.84 (1.02-3.35)], agitation [1.91 (1.08-3.40)], and depressive symptoms [2.10 (1.12-3.94)] were significantly associated with the coprescription of antidementia and psychotropic agents.Conclusions and Implications: The prescribing rate of antidementia drugs in the study sample was higher, whereas the rate of coprescription of psychotropic and antidementia drugs was lower than reported in Western studies. Dementia prescription practice was generally consistent with clinical guidelines in memory clinics in China, whereas the prescription of antidementia and psychotropic medication mainly depended on patients’ clinical symptoms.
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| 3882. |
- Zhang, Yi-Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Homo-coupling of terminal alkynes on a noble metal surface
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The covalent linking of acetylenes presents an important route for the fabrication of novel carbon-based scaffolds and two-dimensional materials distinct from graphene. To date few attempts have been reported to implement this strategy at well-defined interfaces or monolayer templates. Here we demonstrate through real space direct visualization and manipulation in combination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations the Ag surface-mediated terminal alkyne Csp−H bond activation and concomitant homo-coupling in a process formally reminiscent of the classical Glaser–Hay type reaction. The alkyne homo-coupling takes place on the Ag(111) noble metal surface in ultrahigh vacuum under soft conditions in the absence of conventionally used transition metal catalysts and with volatile H2 as the only by-product. With the employed multitopic ethynyl species, we demonstrate a hierarchic reaction pathway that affords discrete compounds or polymeric networks featuring a conjugated backbone. This presents a new approach towards on-surface covalent chemistry and the realization of two-dimensional carbon-rich or all-carbon polymers.
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| 3883. |
- Zhang, Y. Q., et al.
(författare)
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Nearby Hills ejecta as a probe of the gravitational potential of the Milky Way
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1743-9213. ; 14:S353, s. 54-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stars ejected from the Galactic Center can be used to place important constraints on the Milky Way potential. We have used Hills stars to constrain models for the Galactic potential, demonstrating that meaningful constraint can be obtained if we have samples of around 50 nearby Hills stars.
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| 3884. |
- Zhang, Yi-Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual Deprotonated Alkynyl Hydrogen Bonding in Metal-Supported Hydrocarbon Assembly
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:17, s. 9669-9679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that terminal alkynyl moieties represent powerful functional groups for driving thermally stable, on-surface supramolecular structure formation on a reactive substrate. Through a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption-fine-structure spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we investigate the molecule-surface interaction and self-assembly of two prototypical hydrocarbon species on Cu(111). For 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene (Ext-TEB) adsorption at low temperature (200 K) results in nonassembling, conformationally adapted intact species. Deprotonation of the terminal alkyne moieties, taking place at temperatures ranging from 300 to 350 K, triggers the formation of room-temperature stable, close-packed supramolecular islands. Through DFT calculations, the stabilizing interaction is identified as a trifurcated ionic C-H center dot center dot center dot pi(-delta) hydrogen bonding between the g-system of the ionic alkynyl groups and methine moieties of nearby benzene rings, providing an energy gain of 0.26 eV/molecule upon network formation. Robust assemblies result from the combination of this weak directional attraction with the strong surface anchoring also provided by the alkynyl groups. The generality of this novel ionic hydrogen-bonding type is demonstrated by the observation of low-dimensional assemblies of 9,10-diethynyl-anthracene on the same surface, consistently explained with the same type of interaction.
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| 3885. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Study on the bimodal filler influence on the effective thermal conductivity of thermal conductive adhesive
- 2011
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Ingår i: Microsystem Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-7076 .- 1432-1858. ; 17:1, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal management for electronics systems becomes more crucial to the overall system performance as the packaging density becomes much higher and the IC power increases at the same time. Thermal conductive adhesives (TCAs) have been widely adopted in electronics systems. As an epoxy matrix with conductive fillers, it is essential to figure out the effective thermal conductivity of this composite material. In the present paper, a parameterized cubic cell model (CCM) is developed and then implemented by the finite element method to investigate the effects of the bimodal fillers on the effective thermal conductivity. In addition, a series of bimodal TCA samples are prepared and the thermal conductivities in the in-plane and vertical directions are measured experimentally. An obvious anisotropy with respect to the thermal conductivities has been observed for the bimodal filler loading under consideration. A good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data is obtained.
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| 3886. |
- Zhang, Y. T., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting AT(N) pathologies in Alzheimer's disease from blood-based proteomic data using neural networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Blood-based biomarkers represent a promising approach to help identify early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research has applied traditional machine learning (ML) to analyze plasma omics data and search for potential biomarkers, but the most modern ML methods based on deep learning has however been scarcely explored. In the current study, we aim to harness the power of state-of-the-art deep learning neural networks (NNs) to identify plasma proteins that predict amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) pathologies in AD.Methods: We measured 3,635 proteins using SOMAscan in 881 participants from the European Medical Information Framework for AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study (EMIF-AD MBD). Participants underwent measurements of brain amyloid 13 (A13) burden, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) burden, and total tau (t-tau) burden to determine their AT(N) statuses. We ranked proteins by their association with A13, p-tau, t-tau, and AT(N), and fed the top 100 proteins along with age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status into NN classifiers as input features to predict these four outcomes relevant to AD. We compared NN performance of using proteins, age, and APOE genotype with performance of using age and APOE status alone to identify protein panels that optimally improved the prediction over these main risk factors. Proteins that improved the prediction for each outcome were aggregated and nominated for pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis.Results: Age and APOE alone predicted A13, p-tau, t-tau, and AT(N) burden with area under the curve (AUC) scores of 0.748, 0.662, 0.710, and 0.795. The addition of proteins significantly improved AUCs to 0.782, 0.674, 0.734, and 0.831, respectively. The identified proteins were enriched in five clusters of AD-associated pathways including human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, p53 signaling pathway, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathway.Conclusion: Combined with age and APOE genotype, the proteins identified have the potential to serve as blood-based biomarkers for AD and await validation in future studies. While the NNs did not achieve better scores than the support vector machine model used in our previous study, their performances were likely limited by small sample size.
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| 3887. |
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| 3888. |
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| 3889. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of dislocations on the efficiency of InGaN/GaN solar cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 117, s. 279-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two solar cells based on an InGaN/GaN p-i-n hetero-junction, but having different dislocation densities, were fabricated and characterized. The structures were grown on c-plane (0001) GaN-on-sapphire templates with different threading dislocation (TD) densities of 5 x 10(8) and 5 x 10(9) cm(-2). Structural characterization revealed the presence of V-defects in the InGaN epilayer. Since each V-defect was associated with a TD, the structural as well as the optical properties worsened with a higher TO density in the GaN/sapphire template. It was also found that additional dislocations were generated in the p-GaN layer over the V-defects in the InGaN layer. Because of its superior structural quality, the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the low TO density sample was three times higher than that of the high TD density sample. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3890. |
- Zhang, Y Z, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue response to commercial silicone and polyurethane elastomers after different sterilization procedures
- 1996
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier. - 1878-5905 .- 0142-9612. ; 17:23, s. 2265-2272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different commercial polymeric materials, a silicone and a polyurethane (PUR), were studied with regard to correlations between the chemical and physical compositions of the polymer surfaces and the biological response on implantation. Test specimens of the materials were manufactured according to standard procedures. The specimens were implanted in rats for 10 and 90 days. Before implantation the polymers were sterilized in three different ways, namely, beta irradiation, ethylene oxide sterilization and steam sterilization. The polymers were characterized before and after the implantation with respect to the chemical composition and the morphology of the surfaces. After implantation the biological response was evaluated by counting numbers of macrophages, giant cells, fibroblasts and other cells present at the surfaces. The thickness of the fibrous capsule surrounding the test specimens was measured at the thickest and thinnest parts. PUR surfaces showed signs of degradation already after sterilization and after 10 to 90 days of implantation, pits and cracks appeared, especially in the ethylene oxide sterilized samples. However, differences in the biological responses were small and independent of the sterilization method. After 10 days of implantation the capsule thickness and the amounts of cell material adhering at the surfaces were different, and it appears that the silicone rubber induces more tissue response than PUR. The differences in the early tissue response evened out after 90 days implantation time and a steady state situation evolved, which was similar for the silicone and the polyurethane.
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