| 251. |
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| 252. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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An interdecadal climate dipole between Northeast Asia and Antarctica over the past five centuries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 52:1/2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature Climate models emphasize the need to investigate inter-hemispheric climatic interactions. However, these models often underestimate the inter-hemispheric differences in climate change. With the wide application of reanalysis data since 1948, we identified a dipole pattern between the geopotential heights (GPHs) in Northeast Asia and Antarctica on the interdecadal scale in boreal summer. This Northeast Asia/Antarctica (NAA) dipole pattern is not conspicuous on the interannual scale, probably in that the interannual inter-hemispheric climate interaction is masked by strong interannual signals in the tropics associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Unfortunately, the instrumental records are not sufficiently long-lasting to detect the interdecadal variability of the NAA. We thus reconstructed GPHs since 1565, making using the proxy records mostly from tree rings in Northeast Asia and ice cores from Antarctica. The strength of the NAA is time-varying and it is most conspicuous in the eighteenth century and after the late twentieth century. The strength of the NAA matches well with the variations of the solar radiation and tends to increase in along with its enhancement. In boreal summer, enhanced heating associated with high solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere drives more air masses from the South to the North. This inter-hemispheric interaction is particularly strong in East Asia as a result of the Asian summer monsoon. Northeast Asia and Antarctica appear to be the key regions responsible for inter-hemispheric interactions on the interdecadal scale in boreal summer since they are respectively located at the front and the end of this inter-hemispheric trajectory.
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| 253. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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Climate of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene in coastal South China inferred from submerged wood samples
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182. ; 447, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree-ring variability of submerged wood specimens in coastal areas provides important clues about sea level change and climate variability of the past. We dated submerged wood samples from coastal Fujian province in China using the radiocarbon methods and investigated their tree-ring variability. The submerged wood samples from the Shenhu Bay that date to the early Holocene (similar to 8000 calibrated years B.P.) may be related to the rise of the sea level after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The submerged wood samples from the Qianhu Bay site dated to the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) (> 40,000 calibrated years B. P.). Most of the submerged wood samples are from coniferous trees with frequent branching tree rings. Frequent branching tree rings in this region are mostly found from the currently endangered coniferous species with narrow ecological amplitude at humid sites. Tree rings of the submerged sample show conspicuous interdecadal variability (similar to 20 years) than interannual variations, which differs from modern tree rings of nearby regions which have stronger interannual and multi-decadal variability. Our study highlights the potential to use submerged samples of coastal Southeast China for paleoclimate studies.
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| 254. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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Interdecadal modulation of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) on southwest China’s temperature over the past 250 years
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 52:3/4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature The temperature gradient between southwestern China and Indian Ocean is one key driver of the Indian Summer Monsoon, suggesting the necessity to understand temperature variability in southwestern China. Contrary to the general warming experienced in most of China, a few regions in southwestern China have undergone a cooling trend since the 1950s. To place this cooling trend in a historical context, this study develops an Abies fabri tree-ring width chronology in the Sichuan Basin, the most populated region in southwest China. The chronology spans from 1590 to 2012, with its reliable portion from 1758 to 2012, by far the longest in the Sichuan Basin. To better extract regional climate signals encoded in tree rings with strong local disturbances, we incorporate climate signals of nearby tree-ring chronologies to generate a large-scale tree-ring chronology (LSC). The LSC shows higher correlations with temperature near the sampling site on Mount Emei and sea surface temperatures of the northern Atlantic Ocean than chronologies developed using traditional methods. The highest correlations between the LSC and temperature are found from current February to July in the Sichuan Basin for the period 1901–1950 (r = 0.70), with a sharp decrease afterwards. Interdecadal variations of the LSC match well with Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation reconstructions, except for the late nineteenth century and after ~ 1980s. This study provides evidence that southwest China is a transitional region both affected by the interdecadal temperature variations of the northern Atlantic and Asian areas, although their influences weakened in recent possible due to enhanced human activities.
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| 255. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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Synchronous multi-decadal climate variability of the whole Pacific areas revealed in tree rings since 1567
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 13:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oceanic and atmospheric patterns play a crucial role on modulating climate variability from interannual to multi-decadal timescales by, causing large-scale co-varying climate changes. The brevity of the existing instrumental records hinders the ability to recognize climate patterns before the industrial era, which can be alleviated by using proxies. Unfortunately, proxy based reconstructions of oceanic and atmospheric modes of the past millennia often have modest agreements with each other before the instrumental period, raising questions about the robustness of the reconstructions. To ensure the stability of climate signals in proxy data through time, we first identified tree-ring datasets from distant regions containing coherent variations in Asia and North America, and then interpreted their climate information. We found the multi-decadal covarying climate patterns of the middle and high latitudinal regions around the northern Pacific Ocean agreed quite well with the climate reconstructions of the tropical and southern Pacific areas. This indicates a synchronous variability at multi-decadal timescale of the past 430 years for the entire Pacific Ocean. This pattern is closely linked to the dominant mode of the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) after removing the warming trend. This Pacific multi-decadal SST variability resembles the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO).
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| 256. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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Time-varying relationships among oceanic and atmospheric modes: A turning point at around 1940
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182. ; 487:SI, s. 12-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. Oceanic and atmospheric modes play a key role in modulating climate variations, particularly on interannual and interdecadal scales, causing an indirect response of regional climate to external forcings. This study comprehensively investigated the time-varying linkages among dominant oceanic and atmospheric modes of the Pacific and Atlantic areas on different timescales using the scale space multiresolution correlation analysis. For the Pacific Ocean, the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) shows closer matches with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) than with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This indicates that the ENSO dominates climate variability of the whole Pacific Ocean not only on interannual but also on interdecadal scales. Interdecadal variations of the IPO appear to be more closely linked to southern Pacific Ocean climate before ∼1940, but become more closely linked to northern Pacific Ocean after ∼1940. The shifts on interdecadal connections among northern, tropical and southern parts of the Pacific Oceans seems to be related to the phase shifts of the IPO/PDO, which may contribute to the cooling trend from 1940s to 1970s. For the Atlantic Ocean, the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) is closely linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the interdecadal scale before ∼1940.
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| 257. |
- Fang, Lanyan, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Informed Drug Development and Review for Generic Products : Summary Of FDA Public Workshop
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 104:1, s. 27-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On October 2nd and 3rd, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a public workshop titled “Leveraging Quantitative Methods and Modeling to Modernize Generic Drug Development and Review.”1 This report summarizes Session 2 of the public workshop: “Model Informed Drug Development and Review for Generic Products.” The session focused on the application of quantitative methods and modeling in modernizing the generic drug development and review.
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| 258. |
- Fang, Zhao, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches
- 2016
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 6:94, s. 91102-91110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for different levels of model systems for effect studies of engineered nanoparticles and the development of nanoparticle structure–activity relationships in biological systems. Descriptors for nanoparticles based on their interactions in molecular model systems may become useful to predict toxicological responses of the nanoparticles in cells. Towards this end, we report on nanoparticle-induced formation of holes in supported model membranes. Specifically, TiO2 nanoparticle – lipid membrane interactions were studied under low ionic strength, basic conditions (pH 8), using different membrane compositions and several surface-sensitive analytical techniques. It was found that for mixed POPC/POPG (PG fractions ≥ 35%) membranes on silica supports, under conditions where electrostatic repulsion was expected, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in transient interaction curves, consistent with the removal of part of the lipid membrane. The formation of holes was inferred from quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, as well as from optical measurements by reflectometry, and also verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The interaction between the TiO2 nanoparticles and the PG-containing membranes was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions. A mechanism is suggested where TiO2 nanoparticles act as scavengers of Ca2+ ions associated with the supported membrane, leading to weakening of the interaction between the membrane and the support and subsequent removal of lipid mass as TiO2 nanoparticles spontaneously leave the surface. This mechanism is consistent with the observed formation of holes in the supported lipid membranes.
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| 259. |
- Frieler, K, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the impacts of 1.5° C global warming - simulation protocol of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 10, s. 4321-4345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Paris, France, December 2015, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Con- vention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide a “special report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 â—ŠC above pre-industrial levels and related global green- house gas emission pathwaysâ€. In Nairobi, Kenya, April 2016, the IPCC panel accepted the invitation. Here we de- scribe the response devised within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) to provide tailored, cross-sectorally consistent impact projections to broaden the scientific basis for the report. The simulation protocol is de- signed to allow for (1) separation of the impacts of histori- cal warming starting from pre-industrial conditions from im- pacts of other drivers such as historical land-use changes (based on pre-industrial and historical impact model simula- tions); (2) quantification of the impacts of additional warm- ing up to 1.5 â—ŠC, including a potential overshoot and long- term impacts up to 2299, and comparison to higher lev- els of global mean temperature change (based on the low- emissions Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 and a no-mitigation pathway RCP6.0) with socio-economic conditions fixed at 2005 levels; and (3) assessment of the cli- mate effects based on the same climate scenarios while ac- counting for simultaneous changes in socio-economic con- ditions following the middle-of-the-road Shared Socioeco- nomic Pathway (SSP2, Fricko et al., 2016) and in particu- lar differential bioenergy requirements associated with the transformation of the energy system to comply with RCP2.6 compared to RCP6.0.With the aim of providing the scientific basis for an aggregation of impacts across sectors and anal- ysis of cross-sectoral interactions that may dampen or am- plify sectoral impacts, the protocol is designed to facilitate consistent impact projections from a range of impact mod- els across different sectors (global and regional hydrology, lakes, global crops, global vegetation, regional forests, global and regional marine ecosystems and fisheries, global and regional coastal infrastructure, energy supply and demand, temperature-related mortality, and global terrestrial biodiver- sity).
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| 260. |
- Fu, Lixin, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocoating inside porous PE separator enables enhanced ionic transport of GPE and stable cycling of Li-metal anode
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research on chemical intermediates (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6168 .- 1568-5675. ; 45:10, s. 4959-4973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a simple and feasible method for preparing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with good ionic transport properties and mechanical stability is proposed. A ZrO2/KH570/PU/P123 layer was formed on the outer and inner pore surfaces of PE separator before in situ polymerization by a simple one-step dipping coating process. This coating layer changes the PE separator surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and therefore facilitates the uniform spreading of the GPE precursor solution on the PE surface to enable the formation of highly uniform GPE. Moreover, it effectively compensates the negative effects of in situ gelatinization on the ionic transport behavior of the final PE-supported GPE. This GPE possesses excellent ion transport properties and mechanical stability, as well as improves the static and dynamic interfacial stability with lithium metal anode. When using metallic lithium and LiCoO2 to assemble cells, this PE-supported GPE affords improved C-rate capability, cycling performance and effective dendrite inhibition. [GRAPHICS] .
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